1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ENTRIES

ECONOMY, COMMERCE, AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES

1969 1st Session, 91st Congress

Volunteer fire companies: second- and third-class mail rates (see bill S. 20), 769.

769; January 15, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Boggs (R-Delaware) bill, S.20, to extend to volunteer fire companies the rates of postage on second and third-class bulk mailings which are available to certain nonprofit organizations.

Resolution: importance of Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth Chapter of the Navy League, 1481.

Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, 1481.

1481; January 22, 1969; Muskie notes that the Portsmouth Chapter of the Navy League approved a resolution endorsing the importance of the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard to the national defense. The resolution reads: It was moved, seconded and passed unanimously, that the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard be kept open and in operation for the needed defense of our great country, these United States, and that the representatives in Washington be so advised, that this motion be presented before the Congress of these United States and be placed upon the Congressional Record.

Eugenie II (vessel) : documentation (see bill S. 754), 2137.

Cap'n Frank (vessel): documentation (see bill S. 753), 2137.

Cowseagan Narrows: construct high-level bridge over (see bill S. 758), 2137.

2137; January 29, 1969; Notice only of the introduction of bills S. 753 and S.754, which authorize and direct the Secretary of Transportation to cause the vessels Cap’n Frank and Eugenie II, respectively, to be documented as vessels of the United States with full coastwise privileges.

At this time, the law required Congress to grant its assent to the chartering of private pleasure vessels. Commercial vessels, such as fishing boats, were routinely chartered by the Coast Guard. Private, non-commercial boat owners had to request such legislation from their representatives in the Congress. Because this was routine private legislation, Muskie made no introductory remarks, as would be normal for a public legislative bill. Today the Coast Guard has regulations in place that permit the chartering of private recreational vessels without the need for Congressional intervention. At the time Muskie was sponsoring bills such as this, recreational boating was a much smaller leisure activity than it is today.

This page of the Record also contains a notice of the introduction of S.758, a bill providing for oversight by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers of construction of a high-level bridge over Cowseagan Narrows connecting Wiscasset on the mainland with the northwestern end of the island of Westport, Maine. The Cowseagan bridge was built by Maine Yankee, a nuclear generating facility then under construction, to replace a causeway that had connected Wiscasset with Westport Island since 1950. The causeway was a major impediment to tidal circulation in Back Bay and Montsweag Bay, and had to be removed to mitigate the thermal impacts from the planned use of the waters of the Back River for cooling of the nuclear generator.

Department of Agriculture: require separate accounting of funds requested for certain programs (see bill S. 811), 2340.

2340; January 31, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Mondale (D-Minnesota) bill, S.811, to require the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Director of the Bureau of the Budget to make a separate accounting of Agriculture Department funds that primarily stabilize farm income and those that primarily benefit consumers, businessmen and the general public.

Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965: extend (see bill S. 1072), 3611.

3611; February 18, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Randolph (D-West Virginia) bill, S.1072, to authorize funds to carry out the purposes of the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 as amended and Title V of the Public Works and Economic Development of 1965 as amended.

New England: extend Appalachian region program to,3695.

Appalachian Regional Development Act: extend, 3695.

3695; February 18, 1969; During the introductory remarks by Senator Randolph (D-West Virginia) on S. 1072, the Appalachian Regional Development bill, Muskie makes a comment on his own interest in pursuing legislation to expand the application of the law to New England as well.

Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965: funds to carry out purposes of title V (see bill S. 1090), 3886.

3886; February 19, 1969; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.1090, a bill to authorize funds to carry out the purposes of title V of the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965, as amended. Title V of this Act provided for the establishment of regional development commissions for New England and four other regions within the U.S.

Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965: funds for title V of the, 3894.

Text of S. 1090, Regional Development Act of 1969, 3894.

Regional Development Act of 1969: introduction, 3894.

Analysis: S. 1090, Regional Development Act of 1969, 3894.

3894; February 19, 1969; Muskie makes his introductory remarks on S.1090, describing what he sees as the need for further authority for the regional commissions, including the New England Commission, to implement their plans for long-range economic development.

Fish resources of United States: protection (see bill S. 1151), 4297.

4297; February 25, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Moss (D-Utah) bill, S.1151, to provide protection for the fish resources of the United States including the fresh water and marine fish cultural industries against the introduction and dissemination of diseases of fish and shellfish.

Air traffic controllers: establish certain requirements for (see bill S. 1026), 4328.

4328; February 25, 1969; Hartke (D-Indiana) asks that when his bill S.1026 is printed again, Muskie be added as a new cosponsor. The bill would amend the Federal Aviation Act in order to establish certain requirements with respect to air traffic controllers. It would have upgraded the educational and training qualifications for air traffic controllers, raised salaries, and allowed full payment of mandatory overtime, even when that exceeded the maximum allowed under Civil Service regulations. A February 1969 blizzard had closed numerous north eastern airports and forced air traffic controllers to remain on duty in excess of 40 hours, and, coupled with the previous year’s “work to the rules” labor action, which caused massive flight delays all summer, especially in the Northeast, the increase in Americans’ use of airlines was straining the nation’s air transport system.

Potatoes: promotion program (see bill 1181), 4829.

4829; February 28, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Young (R-North Dakota) bill, S.1181, to enable potato growers to finance a nationally coordinated research and promotion program to improve their competitive position and expand markets for potatoes. This bill was modeled on an earlier measure giving cotton producers the right to undertake a voluntary assessment, the purpose of which was to finance product promotion. Although the Agriculture Department now has the authority to undertake such programs for individual commodities, at this time, promotional and marketing programs needed the explicit approval of the Congress.

Small Business Investment Act: amend (see bill S. 1212), 4830.

Small Business Capital Bank (see bill S. 1213), 4830.

4830; February 28, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of two Sparkman (D-Alabama) bills, S.1212, to amend the Small Business Investment Act of 1968, and S.1213, a bill to create a Small Business Capital Bank. Senator Sparkman’s bill would have given the Small Business Investment Corporation director a 5-year term, and permitted the agency to lend to un-incorporated businesses, which constitute 35% of the small business community. The Capital Bank was a proposal designed to ultimately take responsibility for small business lending.

                     

Disasters: additional assistance for areas suffering (see bill S. 1685), 7641.

7641; March 26, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Bayh (D-Indiana) bill, S.1685, to provide additional assistance for areas suffering a major natural disaster. At this time, federal disaster relief was limited mostly to providing assistance for the repair and replacement of public facilities, such as government buildings, roads and bridges, and, after 1966, loan assistance to private businesses and individuals. A series of severe hurricanes in the 1960s (Hurricane Carla in 1962, Betsy in 1965 and Camille in 1969) fueled a drive to permit a presidential disaster declaration to authorize federal aid for emergency shelter, removal of hazardous pollution and debris, payment for farmers’ stock and so forth. These emergency measures still required an Act of Congress to be authorized.

Railroad safety: Federal regulation (see bill S. 1933). 9831.

9831; April 22, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Hartke (D-Indiana) bill, S.1933, providing for federal railroad safety. The bill would have given the Secretary of Transportation broad authority over rail safety in the same way as for highway trucks and buses and airlines. At this time, the federal government’s jurisdiction over rail safety was limited to train brakes. Factors such as design, construction, inspection or maintenance of track, roadways and bridges, and wheels and axles, were outside federal jurisdiction.

Small Business Administration: tribute, 13035.

Letter: thanking SBA for loan to Start a motel, Victor and Mary Nielsen, 13035

13035; May 20, 1969; Muskie makes brief statement decrying the claim that the federal government is too removed from the needs of the ordinary citizen by pointing to the example of a Maine couple, the Nielsens, whose motel was started with a $10,000 SBA loan, about which they wrote to the SBA when they repaid it. He inserts the letter in the Record as well.

Barbara Ann (vessel) : documentation (see bill S. 2282), 13996.

13996; May 27, 1969; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.2282, a bill to authorize and direct the Secretary of Transportation to cause the vessel Barbara Ann, owned by Larry A Torrey of Winter Harbor, Maine, to be documented as a vessel of the United States with full coastwise privileges.

At this time, the law required Congress to grant its assent to the chartering of private pleasure vessels. Commercial vessels, such as fishing boats, were routinely chartered by the Coast Guard. Private, non-commercial boat owners had to request such legislation from their representatives in the Congress. Because this was routine private legislation, Muskie made no introductory remarks, as would be normal for a public legislative bill. Today the Coast Guard has regulations in place that permit the chartering of private recreational vessels without the need for Congressional intervention. At the time Muskie was sponsoring bills such as this, recreational boating was a much smaller leisure activity than it is today.

Freight rates: establish advisory commission to study and report on (see bill S.2355), 16367.

16367; [The page number is a typographical error; this notice appears on p.16368] June 18, 1969; Muskie’s name is added as a cosponsor to a Burdick (D-South Dakota) bill S.2355, to establish an advisory commission to study and report on freight rates. Senator Burdick argued that the freight pricing systems in place subsidize one product at the expense of another, do not reflect the true savings in terms of modernized transport technology, and are becoming a drag on economic growth and productivity.

Appalachian Regional Development Act Amendments of 1969: bill (S. 1072) to enact, 18556, 33031.

18556; July 8, 1969; At the conclusion of debate on S.1072, the authorizing legislation for the Appalachian Regional Development Act, Muskie comments that the bill that passed includes elements of his own bill to strengthen the other Commissions in the five additional regions which were created in Title V of the Act.

33031; November 5, 1969; Immediately before the final voice vote on passage, Muskie comments on the conference version of S.1072, and notes that the Senate provision for increased funding for each of the regional commissions has been diluted, but points out that the New England Commission is ready to move on certain projects, provided they are granted the funds to do so.

Bank interest rates: regulate maximum (see bill S. 2499), 19508.

19508; July 15, 1969; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to S.2499, a McIntyre (D-New Hampshire) bill to provide for the regulation of the maximum interest rates which may be charged by federally-supervised banks.

Small business concerns in construction industry: Federal guarantees of certain construction bonds (see bill S. 2609), 24779.

Construction contracts: exempt certain from bonding requirements (see bill S. 2611),24779.

24779; September 9, 1969; Muskie’s name is added as a cosponsor of two Bayh (D-Indiana) bills, S.2609, to increase the participation of small business concerns in the construction industry, and S.2611, to amend the Act of August 24, 1935, the Miller Act, to exempt construction contracts not exceeding $20,000 in amount from the bonding requirements of such act. The Miller Act is a 1935 enactment which requires the contractors for federal construction projects to post surety bonds for the completion of the project and payment of subcontractors, in lieu of mechanics’ liens. The ultimate recourse under a mechanic’s lien is the sale of the property to produce funds to pay off the lien. In the case of federal property, liens were entirely impracticable. The current bonding exemption under the Miller Act is for projects under $100,000.

Dow Air Force Base, Maine: adjust legislative jurisdiction over certain lands within (see bill S. 2949), 26684.

26684; September 23, 1969; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.2949, a bill to authorize the Secretary of the Air Force to adjust the legislative jurisdiction exercised by the United States over certain lands within the area formerly known as Dow Air Force Base, Maine. This bill contains specific legislative language to complete the process which closed down Dow Air Force Base in 1968 and permitted the city of Bangor to operate the property as Bangor International Airport. The legislation is of no general public interest or effect, applying strictly to the single case of the former air force base, so Muskie did not enter an explanatory statement about it.

Potato Research and Promotion Act: bill (S. 1181) to enact, 30375.

Agriculture: potato promotion, 30375.

30375; October 16, 1969; During debate on S.1181, a bill to enable potato growers to finance a nationally coordinated research and promotion program, Muskie makes a statement supporting the bill as a means of giving potato producers a method of advertising their product nationally. Produce promotion programs of this nature are funded by the producing industry itself, and are commonly used to promote items that cannot be branded, such as produce.

Potatoes: exempt from marketing orders certain, 30379.

Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937: bill (S. 2214) to amend, 30379.

30379; October 16, 1969; During debate on a bill to broaden the exemptions in the potato marketing program, Muskie makes a statement opposing S.2214, which would permit potatoes produced for dehydration and other processing to be exempted from the marketing order, along with potatoes produced for freezing and canning. Muskie’s objection is that broadening the exemptions is not the best way to deal with the shortcomings of the marketing order. Marketing orders are programs initiated by the Department of Agriculture when two-thirds or more of producers in a given geographical area agree, and once put into place, are mandatory for all producers. Marketing orders govern the quality of the produce and the rate at which it flows to market.

Economic development assistance: 33051.

Departments of State, Justice, Commerce, the judiciary, and related agencies (H.R. 12964) making appropriations, 33051.

33051; November 5, 1969; During debate on H.R.12964, the State-Justice-Commerce Appropriation, Muskie asks the Appropriations Committee Chairman, Senator McClellan (D-Arkansas) about the funds for the five regional commissions under the economic development act, and is given the assurance that once the authorizing legislation has been enacted, the Chairman would pursue additional funding for the commissions. This kind of exchange, in which a Senator seeks and receives assurance on some point of legislation or funding that cannot be immediately achieved by simple amendment, is very common in end-of-year sessions, and serves primarily to establish a record for the following year.

Hurricane Camille: aftermath, 35468.

Letter: inadequacy of Federal disaster relief in wake of Hurricane Camille, exchange of correspondence between Senator Randolph and, 35468, 35469.

Report: In the Wake of Hurricane Camille: An Analysis of the Federal Response, American Friends Service Committee and Southern Regional Council, 35469.

Report: Friends Service Committee and Southern Regional Council, 35469.

35468,35469; 11/24/69; Muskie announces that he and Senator Bayh (D-Indiana) have written to Chairman Randolph (D-West Virginia) to urge immediate hearings of the Public Works Committee on the shortcomings of disaster relief in Mississippi in the wake of Hurricane Camille. He reports that Randolph has agreed to hold hearings in January, inserts the joint letter and one that he wrote on his own, and Randolph’s letter response, along with a report from the American Friends Service Committee cataloguing at length the failures of the emergency response action by the federal government.

NATIONAL SECURITY/FOREIGN AFFAIRS

1969 91st Congress, 1st Session

Nigerian Civil War: relief assistance to persons affected by (see S, Con. Res. 3). 1420.

1420; January 22, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of S. Con. Res. 3, a Pearson (R-Nebraska) resolution relating to the furnishing of relief assistance to persons affected by the Nigerian Civil War. Nigeria declared independence of Britain in 1960, but conflicts among the three political parties broadly reflecting the three major tribal groupings in the country led to the arrest and jailing of the opposition leaders in 1962 and by 1966 a full-scale civil war, mostly between the Hausa and Ibo peoples. In 1967, the Ibo declared an independent republic of Biafra and the war continued for 30 more months until Ibo forces surrendered in January 1970. The Nigerian civil war was accompanied by massive starvation, particularly among the Ibo.

Ceylon Independence Day, 2662.

2662; February 4, 1969; Muskie makes a brief statement on the 21^st anniversary of Ceylonese independence, congratulating the people of Ceylon on their democracy.

International conflict: promote peaceful resolution (see bill S. 953), 3111.

3111; February 7, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Hartke (D-Indiana) bill, S.953, to promote the peaceful resolution of international conflict. This proposal, very typical of its time, would have established a Department of Peace as a cabinet agency, covering such existing agencies as the Peace Corps, the Arms Control and Disarmament Administration, and foreign economic assistance programs, plus an International Peace Institute, a sort of West Point for peaceniks, and , of course, the inevitable Joint Congressional Committee. This kind of institutional tinkering had a certain following at a time when many Americans questioned the need for ever-higher defense budgets and many opposed defense spending because of the Vietnam war.

Little-Noticed Speech Wisely Urges Draft Retention, Joseph Alsop, Washington Post, 4682.

Military Draft, Miami University, by, 4683.

4682; February 26, 1969; In Extensions of Remarks, Representative Kyros (D-Maine) inserts a Joseph Alsop column complimenting a Muskie speech on the draft and a text of the speech itself. Joseph Alsop was at this time one of the most influential American political journalists. The application of the military draft by 1969 had become one of the most controversial elements of the war in Vietnam. Although Muskie recognized that the deferments with which the draft system was riddled were unfair, he was not willing to concede that a military draft could be or should be abolished.

Remarks in Senate: draft reform, 4946.

All-University Convocation, Oxford, Ohio, by, 4946.

4946; February 28, 1969; In Extensions of Remarks, Sen. Burdick (D-South Dakota) inserts the same text of the Muskie speech on draft law previously inserted by Congressman Kyros.

National Economic Conversion Commission: establish (see bill S. 1285), 5108.

5108; March 4, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a McGovern (D-South Dakota) bill, S.1285, to establish a National Economic Conversion Commission. Senator McGovern’s bill was designed to deal with what he was convinced would be steadily reduced military needs and thus a shrinking military budget in the future. Although similar proposals are still made, the Military Base Closure and Realignment Commission (BRAC) of the 1980s is the only example of such a commission being created and functioning.

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, 5751-5753.

5751; March 10, 1969; During the Senate debate on the Nonproliferation Treaty, Muskie gives his perspective, emphasizing that one central goal of the treaty is to move towards the building of confidence between the U.S. and the Soviet Union with respect to the nuclear balance.

Armed Forces: exempt certain members from service in combat zone (see bill S. 1635), 7180.

7180; March 24, 1969; Muskie is shown as one of the original cosponsors of an Inouye (D-Hawaii) bill, S.1635, to exempt a member of the Armed Forces from service in a combat zone when such member is the sole surviving son of a family. As American casualties in Vietnam continued, and no immediate end to the war seemed apparent, efforts such as this to respond to the impact of casualties in many American communities and families accelerated. It is also fair to suggest that Democratic Senators were more willing to offer such proposals when the Commander-in-Chief was no longer a Democrat.

International biological program: support of Congress for (see S.J. Res. 89), 8598

8598; April 3, 1969; Notice only of Muskie’s introduction of S. J. Res. 89, a joint resolution expressing the support of the Congress for the international biological program and urging the support of federal departments and agencies as well as persons and organizations, both public and private.

International biological program: support, 8605.

Text of S.J. Res. 89, Support international, biological program, 8605.

8605; April 3, 1969; Muskie introduces S. J. Res. 89, a joint resolution supporting the international biological program, and makes brief introductory remarks. The international biological program was developed by two non-governmental organizations, the International Council of Scientific Unions and the International Union of Biological Sciences, to generate and exchange information about the world’s biological environment. It was patterned on the earlier and very successful International Geophysical Year of 1957, marking the emergence of a strong international academic and scientific community.

United Nations Conference on the Human Environment: support and participation in (see S. Res. 179), 8608.

Text of U.N. resolution on human environment, 8608.

United Nations Conference on Human Environment: provide for U.S. participation in, 8608.

U.S. Joins In Proposing 1972 U.N. Conference on Human Environment, J. R. Wiggins, 8609,

Question of Convening U.N. Conference on Human Environment, S. Astron, 8611.

8608, 8608-8611; April 3, 1969; Muskie introduces S.Res.179, authorizing the State Department to pledge the full support and participation of the U.S. in the forthcoming UN Conference on the environment. Along with his introductory remarks, Muskie inserts statements by the American and Swedish representatives to the UN. The 1972 gathering was the first international diplomatic conference on environmental issues, and resulted in the created of the U.N. Environmental Programme, the agency through which U.N. member nations seek to undertake world-wide environmental monitoring and conservation work.

Antiballistic missile system: unanswered questions relative to, 8631-8633.

Nixon, Richard M.: ABM decision, 8631.

8631; April 3, 1969; Muskie makes a floor statement expressing his concern about the Administration’s Safeguard missile plan. At this period, what is today the “Star Wars” debate centered on anti-ballistic missile technology. Muskie believed that the deployment of a substantial anti-ballistic missile defense would be read by the Soviet Union as an element of a first-strike capacity, and thus inherently destabilizing. During the Cold War, the principal debate was between those who believed that the Soviets were planning a first strike and would launch it as soon as they felt ready and those who believed that no sane leadership would ever launch a first strike in the face of overwhelming nuclear retaliation. The debate had not ended when the Soviet Union collapsed.

Military procurement: amend bill (S. 2546) to authorize appropriations for ASW year 1970, 9271.

9271: [The correct page number is actually 19271]; July 11, 1969; Muskie is shown as a cosponsor of a Cooper (R-Kentucky)-Hart (D-Michigan) amendment No. 68 to S. 2546, the military procurement bill. The amendment was a bipartisan effort to strike the $350 million in funding the Nixon Administration was seeking as a down payment on the $11 billion ABM Safeguard system. The amendment would have left in place half a billion dollars for research and development on anti-ballistic missile technology.

Support for Efforts To Establish Peace in Middle East, by, 10339.

10339; April 25, 1969; On the 21^st anniversary of the establishment of Israel, Senator Ribicoff (D-Connecticut) makes a congratulatory speech on the occasion and publishes a statement expressing support for meaningful efforts to reach a permanent peace in the Middle East. The statement is signed by other Senators, including Muskie. There is no Muskie text.

ABM, Brown University, by, 10357.

10357; April 25, 1969; Senator Hart (D-Michigan) inserts the text of a Muskie speech about the anti-ballistic missile issue and the broader question of defense-driven spending, given at Brown University in Rhode Island.

Nuclear detonations and seismic disturbances: study relationship between underground (see S.J. Res. l08), 11799.

11799; May 8, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Gravel (D-Alaska) resolution, S.J. Res. 108, to provide for a study and evaluation of the relationship between underground nuclear detonations and seismic disturbances. The plan for a major underground nuclear test on Amchitka Island, at the western end of the Aleutian Chain in Alaska alarmed Alaskans, primarily because the region is seismically unstable. A massive 1964 earthquake had caused 115 deaths and half a billion dollars in property loss.

National Commission on Nuclear and Seismic Safety: create, 11846.

Earthquakes: nuclear tests, 11846.

Atomic energy: nuclear tests, 11846.

11846; May 8, 1969; Muskie makes a very brief statement about his cosponsorship of the Gravel resolution on nuclear and seismic safety, pointing out that there is a need to study this rather than move ahead with nuclear testing in areas that are seismically unstable, such as in the case of the planned Amchitka Island test.

Speech on isolationism, 14977.

Senator's Speech on Isolationism, Associated Press, 14978.

14977; 14978; June 5, 1969; In the House of Representatives, Congressman Pucinski (D- Illinois) expresses support for both the Muskie and Nixon speeches on isolationism. This unlikely juxtaposition resulted from Congressman Pucinski’s support for Muskie, a fellow Polish-American and his district’s sympathies, which were generally supportive of President Nixon the issue of the Vietnam war.

 

Statement: Alternative to Safeguard System, Senator McIntyre, 15122.

15122; June 9, 1969; Muskie inserts a McIntyre (D-New Hampshire) alternative to the proposed Safeguard system, in McIntyre’s absence. Senator McIntyre proposed to move forward with testing and research on the ABM component systems, but without immediate deployment of a system he said was unproven.

Article: After Vietnam --What Happens When Peace Breaks Out, 15214.

15214; June 9, 1969; In Extensions of Remarks, Representative Brown (D-California), inserts articles from the Saturday Review, including one by Muskie called, “After Vietnam: What Happens When Peace Breaks Out?” These articles give a good flavor of the feel of the country at this particular time, when it was believed the Vietnam war was practically over and that the end would be a relatively clean one.

Arms control, MIRV, and national security: sense of Senate relative to (see S. Res. 211), 16069, 16148.

16069; June 17, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of S.Res. 211, a Brooke (R-Massachusetts) resolution expressing the Sense of the Senate on arms control, MIRV and national security. MIRV stands for multiple independently-targeted re-entry vehicles, and is a shorthand way of describing the arms development whereby more than one nuclear warhead was installed on each ballistic missile.

16184: June 17, 1969; When Senator Brooke begins his introductory remarks on S.Res 211, his resolution on arms control issues, he lists all the cosponsors of the resolution, and Muskie’s name appears on the list. There is no Muskie text at this location.

Role of Congress in Defense Spending, Senator Eagleton, 16084.

16084; June 17, 1969; Muskie inserts a speech by Senator Eagleton (D-Missouri) on the Congressional responsibility to review defense spending and the military budget. Senator Eagleton’s main point is that Congressional complaints about defense spending ignore the fact that the Congress, not the military, controls the appropriations process.

Why Stop ABM Deployment? New Republic, by, 16384.

16384; June 18, 1969; During a Senate debate on MIRVing (the practice of installing multiple nuclear warheads on each individual ballistic missile), Senator Cranston (D-California) inserts a Muskie article from The New Republic, about the Safeguard project, which he says is equally applicable to the MIRV debate.

Vietnam: U.S. policy, 20450, 33594.

Channel to Hanoi, Joseph Kraft, Washington Post, 33594.

20450; July 23, 1969; When President Nixon inherited the Vietnamese war, he first intensified U.S. military activities in Vietnam, which intensified the growing opposition to the conflict, increased U.S. casualties and called into question the U.S. negotiating stance. This debate excerpt during the military authorization bill exemplifies the kind of questions being raised at that time, mostly in the words of Senator Cranston (D-California) although Muskie also interjects a brief comment.

33594; November 10 1969; Muskie describes a Joseph Kraft column which suggests there may be greater North Vietnamese willingness to negotiate than President Nixon is willing to accept, and says that he has made the same point.

Aircraft, missiles, naval vessels, tracked combat vehicles, and research: amend bill (S. 2546) to authorize appropriations for procurement of, 20464.

20464; July 23, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Hart (D-Michigan)-Cooper (R-Kentucky) amendment to S.2546, the military authorization bill. The amendment sought to limit the funds authorized for the acquisition of an antiballistic missile system so that the money could not be used for the acquisition of an ABM site, or for actual deployment. The amendment would have had the effect of authorizing the money for research and testing purposes only. It was common for opponents of a weapons system who didn’t have the votes to defeat it outright to seek instead to hedge the money about, so that the practical effect was to delay and ultimately defeat the procurement itself.

Geneva Protocol of 1925: resubmit to Senate for ratification (see S. Res. 228), 21374.

21374; July 30, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Hartke (D- Indiana) resolution, S. Res. 228, expressing the sense of the Senate that the President of the United States should resubmit the Geneva Protocol to the Senate for advice and consent. The 1925 Geneva Protocol banned the use of “asphyxiating, poisonous and other” gases, liquids and devices, and “bacteriological” means of warfare. It was the original ban on chemical and biological weapons. Although the U.S. had accepted the 1925 Protocol, it had never been ratified by the Senate.

Antiballistic missile system: deployment, 20950, 21894-21901, 22369.

20950; July 28, 1969; After Senator McIntyre (D-New Hampshire) outlines his proposed compromise on the ABM and Safeguard missile issue, Muskie compliments him on his hard work and also on his earlier acceptance of the Hart-Cooper amendment which permits R & D but seeks to block deployment. Muskie’s statement is complimentary but brief and not substantive.

Although the U.S. nuclear deterrent strategy of MAD (Mutual Assured Destruction, where each side targeted the population centers of the other) was never factually superseded, by the 1960s, nuclear weapons debates had largely focused on the ability to accurately strike and destroy enemy missiles in hardened silos. Although some claimed that this focus created a “first-strike” approach which was itself inherently destabilizing, military planners argued that it would permit an escape from the MAD doctrine by threatening an opponent’s ability to wage war rather than his population. Refinements of this debate continued throughout the Cold War.

Aircraft, missiles, naval vessels, tracked combat vehicles, and research: bill (S. 2546) to authorize appropriations for procurement of, 21894-21902, 22369, 23224, 24833, 25322, 25324, 25326, 25327, 26185-26188.

Table: gap between funds authorized and funds made for domestic purposes, 21897.

Table: new programs or major expansions of existing Federal civilian programs, 21897.

Chemical and biological agents: provide guidelines and controls over, 23224

C-5A Cargo aircraft: funds for, 24833.

Nuclear aircraft carrier (CVAN--69) : funds for, 25322, 25324, 25326, 25327.

Defense spending, 26185.

21894-21902; August 1, 1969; Muskie makes a floor statement on the Safeguard system and national priorities and when he is finished, engages in debate with supporters and opponents of his view.

22369; August 5, 1969; During debate on S.2546, the military authorization bill, Senator Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) gives his speech on the Hart-Cooper ABM amendment, listing seven factors that he sees as implicated in the debate. Muskie expresses regret that he was not able to be present to hear the entire speech, and briefly compliments him on his analysis of the issue. The Muskie statement is not substantive.

23224; August 11, 1969; Speaking in favor of a McIntyre (D-New Hampshire) amendment to control the production of chemical and biological agents of combat, Muskie describes recent events which have heightened public sensitivity to the existence of the U.S. CBW program. The World Health Organization had issued a report describing the unpredictability of biological weapons, and a test release of a harmless substance in the New York City subway system in 1966 had become publicly known the following year. Adverse public reaction led President Nixon to close down the U.S. program on November 25, 1969.

24833; September 9, 1969; During debate on the military authorization bill, S.2546, Muskie describes why he will vote against a Proxmire (D-Wisconsin) amendment to eliminate funds for the fourth squadron of the C-5A transport plane.

25322, 25324, 25327; September 12, 1969; During debate on the military authorization bill, Muskie supports a Mondale(D-Minnesota)-Case (R-New Jersey) amendment requiring a study of attack carriers. In this debate, the sponsors of the amendment are actually attempting to substitute their original amendment, which would have cut funds for a second carrier group, with an amendment calling for a study of the nation’s carrier group needs. Amendment sponsors often choose to replace a floundering amendment with a face-saving one which will give their supporters something to vote for when it is obvious that the original amendment does not have the votes. In this debate, the Chairman of the Armed Services Committee, Senator Stennis (D- Mississippi) wants a chance to defeat the original amendment first.

 

26185-26188; September 18, 1969; On final passage of the military authorization bill, Muskie makes a floor statement summing up the bill.

Protest Against South African Government Denying Visas to Members of U.S. House of Representatives, by 28 Members of Congress, 23379.

23379; August 12, 1969; In the House of Representatives, Congressman Culver (D-Iowa) speaks against the refusal of the South African government to grant visas for entry to Congressmen Ogden Reid, of New York and Charles Diggs of Michigan unless they agreed not to give speeches while in the country. Muskie is one of a number of Representatives and Senators who signed the protest statement.

Israel: authorize participation in development of desalting plant in (see bill S. 2847), 25245.

25245; September 12, 1969; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to a Nelson (D-Wisconsin) bill, S.2847, which would authorize the Secretary of State to participate in the development of a large prototype desalting plan in Israel. This bill was one of the last examples of the popular support for desalination plants as a way to contribute to greater stability and peace in the Middle East. Although President Johnson’s “Water for Peace” plans had expanded desalination research at Oak Ridge, by 1968, the economics of nuclear power made its use for desalination impracticable and the successes of the “green revolution” in plant breeding had developed crop varieties that needed far less water. The popularity of desalination proposals collapsed quite quickly.

Prisoners of war: treatment of, by North Vietnam (see S. Res. 243), 25437.

25437; September 15, 1969; Muskie is added as a cosponsor of a Kennedy resolution, S. Res. 243, to express the sense of the Senate that the President request the United Nations to take such steps as may be appropriate to bring about compliance by the Government of North Vietnam with the Geneva Convention of August 12, 1949, relative to treatment of prisoners of war. At this time, President Nixon was demanding the return of POWs by North Vietnam, and resolutions such as this were among Democrats’ response.

Underground weapons testing: study International and other foreign policy aspects of (see S.J. Res. 155), 27870.

27870 [Index error; the actual page is 27874] October 1, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of S. J. Res. 155, a Gravel (D-Alaska) joint resolution to provide for a study and evaluation of the international and other foreign policy aspects of underground weapons testing. This resolution reflected Senator Gravel’s interest in halting nuclear testing on Amchitka Island, which was the site of a one-megaton test in October, 1969.

Foreign Assistance Act of 1969: amend bill (S. 2347) to enact, 28601.

28601; October 6, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of a Nelson (D-Wisconsin) proposal to add $40 million over 5 years to the foreign aid bill to provide help to Israel in building a desalination plant. This bill was an amendment to the Foreign Assistance Act, a slightly altered form of a free-standing bill on the same subject, also introduced by Senator Nelson. Although President Johnson’s “Water for Peace” plans had expanded desalination research at Oak Ridge, by 1968, the economics of nuclear power made its use for desalination impracticable and the successes of the “green revolution” in plant breeding had developed crop varieties that needed far less water. Although arid nations continue to have an interest in desalination, it is no longer seen as a panacea for all that ails the Middle East.

Vietnam Moratorium, Bates College, by, 30343.

30343; October 16, 1969; Senator Hart (D-Michigan) inserts the text of a Muskie speech at Bates College in Lewiston, Maine, on the occasion of the Vietnam Moratorium. At the time, the moratorium was a controversial effort to stage a nation-wide day of teach-ins, rallies, marches and protests. President Nixon conspicuously refused to participate and on November 3 gave a televised speech on Vietnam which called for the “silent majority” to support his operation of the war.

Program: Vietnam Moratorium Day, Bates College, 30361.

Resolution: Vietnam policy, Bates College, 30361.

Petition: end to Vietnam war, Lewiston-Auburn Citizens for Peace, 30362.

Vietnam Moratorium Day: Bates College observance, 30361.

30361,30362; October 16, 1969; Muskie makes a brief statement about his attendance at the program for the Vietnam Moratorium at Bates College on October 15, and inserts a copy of the program and the petitions he was given, along with the signatories, in the Record.

THE FOLLOWING ITEM WAS NOT INDEXED UNDER MUSKIE. In Senator Young’s index it is shown (under “Remarks on, by”) simply as: Agnew, Spiro: Criticism, 31267, 31268.

The question is whether to include some such index line in the index (maybe with an explanation that it does not appear in the real CR record)? In Muskie’s Index I would place it under “Remarks in Senate” and in the subject index, under politics and foreign affairs. Such an entry would then read:

  

Agnew, Spiro; Criticism, 31267, 31268

31267; October 23, 1969; Senator Young (D-Ohio) questions the sanity of Vice President Agnew for his criticism of Muskie on the MIRV debate. The Vice President was extremely vocal in complaining about war dissenters and, indeed, any critic of any administration policy. His speeches helped add to the political tensions of the period

Importance of Arms Limitation Negotiations, by, 31826.

31826; October 28, 1969; Senator Mondale (D-Minnesota) inserts the text of a Muskie statement proposing a moratorium on the testing of MIRVed weapons as a means of moving the arms control negotiations with the Soviet Union forward.

Military courts-martial: improve judicial machinery of (see bill S. 3117), 33010

33010; November 5, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Tydings (D- Maryland) bill, S.3117, to improve the judicial machinery of military courts-martial by removing defense counsel and jury selection from the control of the military commander who convenes a court-martial and by creating an independent trial command for the purpose of preventing command influence or the appearance of command influence from adversely affecting the fairness of military judicial proceedings.

Nixon, Richard M.: Vietnam address by, 33544, 33550.

Vietnam: President's address on, 33544-33550.

Vietnam: review of situation relative to ending war in, 33544-33550.

33544-33550; November 7, 1969; Muskie responds to President Nixon’s televised statement of November 3 about the conduct of the war in Vietnam. At the time, Nixon’s statement was seen in part as his “response” to the October 15 Vietnam Moratorium, which drew the participation of an estimated 30 million Americans nationwide. Muskie’s comments were challenged by Senator Dole (R-Kansas) who was a vocal defender of the Administration from his first year in the Senate, 1969.

1972 United Nations Conference on Human Environment, Senator Yarborough, 33564;

33564; November 10, 1969; In a statement accompanying passage of the resolution supporting U.S. involvement in the 1972 U.N. Conference on the Human Environment, Senator Yarborough (D-Texas), the resolution’s sponsor, mentions Muskie’s support for U.S. engagement with the U.N. on environmental issues.

Strategic arms limitation talks, 33998.

MIRV: testing program, 33998.

33998; November 13, 1969; Muskie comments on the U.S. delegation’s departure for Helsinki for the first round of the arms limitation talks with the Soviet Union, and expresses the hope that the talks can reach some agreement on MIRVs before American MIRVs are deployed.

Washington Peace Demonstration, by, 34282.

34282; November 14, 1969; During the public demonstrations against the Vietnam War, Senator McGovern (D- South Dakota) makes a statement pointing out that the demonstrators have been respectful and behaved appropriately and mentions that he met with a group of them, as did other Senators, including Muskie. There is no Muskie text at this location.

Space exploration: authorize Committee on Foreign Relations to study possibilities of international cooperation and cost sharing in (see S. Res. 285), 34518.

34518; November 18, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of S. Res.285, a Proxmire (D-Wisconsin) resolution to authorize a study by the Foreign Relations Committee of the possibilities for international cooperation and cost sharing in the exploration of space, either bilaterally or through the United Nations.

  

Vietnam moratorium, 34532.

Freedom of Speech and Assembly, Washington Post, 34532.

34532; November 18, 1969; Muskie inserts the lead editorial from the day’s Washington Post because it sums up his own reaction to the prior week’s series of marches and demonstrations against the Vietnam war. The peace marches in Washington were sponsored by the New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, and had been endorsed by several Members of Congress, labor leaders, and others. The Nixon Administration tried to make the claim that the lack of widespread damage and rioting was due entirely to the police presence, not to the fact that the vast majority of those marching did so peacefully.

Navy League, U Thant, 34541.

34541; November 18, 1969; Muskie inserts a speech by U Thant, Secretary General of the United Nations which seeks to respond to criticism that the world body is ineffective in resolving problems between nations.

Vietnam: land reform in South (see S. Res. 290), 35447.

35447; November 24, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of S. Res. 290, a resolution introduced by Magnuson (D-Washington) to the effect that the South Vietnamese government should move quickly to reform land ownership in Vietnam.

Remarks in House: Ho Chi Minh's letter to President Nixon, 36506.

36506; December 2, 1969; In the House of Representatives, Congressman Ryan (D-New York) cites Muskie’s concerns about why Nixon interprets a letter from the North Vietnamese leader as intransigent instead of seeing it as means to begin towards negotiations.

Economic development: amend bill (H.R. 14580) to assist peoples of the world to achieve, 38401.

38401; December 11, 1969; Notice only of the filing of a Muskie amendment to H.R.14580, the foreign aid bill. The amendment proposed a land reform policy for South Vietnam and funds to encourage its adoption by the government of South Vietnam.

Foreign Assistance Act of 1969: bill (H.R.14580) to enact, 38464, 38467-38470, 38684, 38686, 38687, 38689.

Foreign Assistance Act of 1969: bill (H.R. 14580) to enact, 38464, 38684.

Land Reform in Vietnam, R. L. Prosterman, Southeast Asia, 38465.

Text of amendment (No. 422), Vietnamese land reform, 38464.

38464, 38467-38470; December 11, 1969; As the Senate takes up the foreign aid bill, H.R. 14580, the Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, Senator Fulbright makes a statement disowning the bill as reported and says an entirely new approach is needed. Muskie calls up and debates his proposed amendment to the bill, a land reform amendment for Vietnam. At this time, with the Nixon policy of Vietnamization getting under way, there was widespread interest in ways of prodding the government of South Vietnam to take action which would undercut Vietnamese support for the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese efforts to take over the country. Many believed that the insurgency was largely fueled by economic dissatisfaction within Vietnam, not anti-American or anti-Western feeling among Vietnamese. Muskie’s amendment was attacked by Senator Aiken (R-Vermont) as interference with the government of South Vietnam, and by the Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Fulbright (D-Arkansas), whose goal was withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam.

Report: Briefing Paper on Land Reform in Vietnam, R. L. Prosterman, 38684.

Vietnam: land reform, 38684, 38685, 38690.

38684, 38685, 38690; December 12, 1969; During a second day of debate on Muskie’s Vietnam land reform amendment to the foreign aid bill, H.R.14580, he reduces the amount of his amendment from $80 million to $50 million and defends it against attacks from a variety of other Senators.

Laos or Thailand: combat troops in, 39169, 39170.

Department of Defense: bill (H.R. 15090) making appropriations for, 39169, 39170

39169, 39170; December 15, 1969; During debate on the Defense Department Appropriations bill, H.R. 15090, the Senate moved to a closed session to hear classified information about the nature of U.S. government commitments to Laos, in order to better debate a proposed amendment cutting off aid to Laos. The nature of the acknowledged commitments is described here. Hearings held by the Foreign Relations Committee had established that 36,000 U.S. operatives in Laos were essentially conducting a little-known war.

The debate on the amendment to cut off funds for the introduction of ground combat troops into Laos took place on a day that President Nixon was scheduled to make a television appearance announcing another U.S. troop withdrawal from Vietnam, and was, in consequence, a highly politicized debate. Nixon had campaigned for office with the claim that he had a secret plan to end the war in Vietnam, and one year after his very narrow win, public impatience with the continuation of the war was palpable. Not surprisingly, this situation created both the appearance and reality of a politicized debate on Vietnam and the other regional nations. Muskie took part in this debate.

Armed Forces permanently stationed in Europe: substantial reduction (see S. Res. 292),40754.

40754; December 22, 1969; Senator Mansfield (D-Montana), the Senate Majority Leader, asks that the names of Muskie and other Senators be added to the resolution, S. Res.292, to express the sense of the Senate that conditions in Western Europe had changed so as to permit reduction of U.S. troops located in NATO countries. As Senate Leader, Senator Mansfield was demonstrating that his resolution now enjoyed the support of 48 Senators, almost half the body.

At this time, the so-called “German economic miracle” as well as economic growth in all West European countries created a situation where, 24 after the end of World War II, many Americans were asking why more than half a million U.S. troops had to be permanently stationed in West Germany, particularly in light of the policy of detente with the Soviet Union and improved relations between the countries of Western and Eastern Europe. Senator Mansfield (D-Montana), the Senate Majority Leader pursued a lengthy effort to reduce permanent U.S. troops in Germany and to encourage greater European burden-sharing with respect to the defense of Western Europe, of which this resolution was the prototype.

United Nations Conference on the Human Environment: establish interagency commission to make plans for (see S.J. Res. 156), 41049.

41049; December 23, 1969; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to a Yarborough (D-Texas) resolution, S.J.Res. 156, calling for the creation of an interagency commission to make the necessary plans for full U.S. participation in the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, scheduled to take place in 1972.

ENERGY

1969 1st Session, 91st Congress

Oil Import program, 1503, 1505, 1523, 6183-6185, 9161-9163, 38667.

New England: fuel oil, 1503.

Hickel, Walter J.: nomination, 1503-1505, 1523, 1524, 1526.

Colloquy between Walter J. Hickel and, 1524-1526.

Machiasport, Maine: proposal to establish oil refinery in, 6183-6185, 38667.

Oil depletion allowance, 6185, 9162.

Probe of Oil Price Behavior Promises To Be Illuminating, L. Stern, Washington Post, 6185.

New England: cost of heating oil in, 6183, 9161-9163.

Long, Russell B.: reply to, 6183, 9161-9163.

Kennedy, Edward M.: Alaska visit, 9163.

Oil Import Policy and Proposed Foreign Trade Zone at Machiasport, Maine, New England Senators, 9164.

New England: oil problem, 38667.

Letter: oil import quota system, G.P. Shulty, by, 38668.

1503-1505; January 22, 1969; In the debate over the confirmation of Walter J. Hickel to be Secretary of the Interior, Muskie discusses the implications of Walter J. Hickel’s nomination as Secretary of the Interior. Hickel was formerly the governor of Alaska, and the then-recent discovery of oil in Alaska led Muskie to question his impartiality on the issue of New England’s oil prices and the proposed Machiasport Foreign Trade Zone for oil imports.

1524-1526; January 22, 1969; In the course of the confirmation debate, Muskie makes a statement expressing his intention to vote against Walter Hickel’s nomination to be Secretary of the Interior, and inserts the text of a hearing at which he questioned the nominee.

6183-6185; March 12, 1969; In response to an hour-long speech by Senator Long (D-Louisiana) opposing the creation of a Foreign Trade Zone and oil refinery at Machiasport, Maine, Muskie and other New England Senators offer rebuttals to various of the arguments he had made.

9163: April 15, 1969; Muskie and other New England Senators provide more extended discussion of the Foreign Trade Zone proposal for dealing with New England’s oil pricing issues, in part as a rebuttal to the speech made by Senator Long (D-Louisiana).

38667; December 12, 1969; Muskie discusses the continuing problems of home heating oil supply in New England, and describes the way the Machiasport Foreign Trade Zone proposal developed, including the then-proposal to construct an oil refinery at Machiasport.

Resolution: free trade zone for Machiasport, Maine, Past Pomonas Association, 2670.

2670; February 4, 1969; Senator Smith (R-Maine), on behalf of herself and Muskie, offers a resolution adopted by the Past Pomona Masters and Past Pomonas Association of York County Pomona Grange, in favor of the establishment of a free trade zone at Machiasport, Maine. A Pomona is the name of a regional association of local Granges.

Pollution: powerplants, 2674.

Report: Physical Requirements of Sites for Powerplants, 2674.

Powerplants: site selection, 2674.

2674; February 4, 1969; Muskie introduces excerpts from a report by the Office of Science and Technology on power plant siting, which discuss the various factors that should be considered when locating a new generating plant.

 

Foreign Trade Zones Spark Lively Controversy S. M. Aug, Washington Star, 7255.

Machiasport, Maine: proposed foreign trade zone at, 7255, 9161-9163, 12059, 13031.

Machiasport Deal and Taxpayers Shake Up an Industry, National Observer 12060.

Response to Natural Resources Council of Maine Concerning the Machiasport Project, K. M. Curtis, 13031.

7255; March 24, 1969; Muskie inserts a column from the Washington Star, written by Stephen M. Aug, which describes the proposed Machiasport Free trade zone and the way that such trade zones are used by assorted industries in the seven cities where they are currently in force.

9163: April 15, 1969; Muskie and other New England Senators provide more extended discussion of the Foreign Trade Zone proposal for dealing with New England’s oil pricing issues, in part as a rebuttal to the speech made by Senator Long (D-Louisiana).

12059- 12060; May 12, 1969; Muskie inserts an article from the National Observer which is one of a series of articles about the role of the oil industry nationally, but which focuses on the way the oil import quota applied in New England has propped up the prices of domestic production to about 65% above world levels.

13031; May 20, 1969; Muskie inserts Governor Curtis’ reply to 20 questions about Machiasport by the National Resources Defense Council, an environmental group.

Oil industry: import quotas, 11760.

Hart, Philip H,: study of oil import quotas by,11760.

New Theater of the Absurd, New York Times, 11760.

11760; May 8, 1969; Muskie briefly mentions that Senator Hart (D-Michigan) is chairing hearings in his Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee on the impact on consumers of the government’s oil import quota system, and inserts a New York Times editorial highlighting Senator Long’s (D-Louisiana) defense of the mandatory oil import quota program.

Oil and gas wells outside United States: deny use of percentage depletion for, (see bill S. 2103), 11799.

11799; May 8, 1969; Notice only of the introduction of a Muskie bill, S.2103, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to deny the use of percentage depletion for oil and gas wells located outside the United States.

Oil depletion allowance: deny use to foreign wells, 11814.

Internal Revenue Code of 1954:amend to deny foreign wells to use oil depletion allowance, 11814.

Text of S. 2103 to deny foreign wells to use oil depletion allowance, 11814

11814; May 8, 1969; Muskie makes introductory remarks on S. 2013, a bill to deny the 27½ % gross income exclusion for oil and gas wells outside the U.S., noting that it is contradictory to bar imported oil except under stringent quotas and then to encourage Americans to explore for oil overseas with a tax benefit.

Utility Consumers' Counsel Act of 1969: print additional copies of hearings on (see S. Res. 215), 19887.

19887; July 17, 1969; Muskie introduces S. Res.215, a resolution authorizing the printing of additional copies of Part One of the hearings before the Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Relations, on utility consumers counsel legislation.

Intergovernmental Power Coordination and Environmental Protection Act: enact (see bill S. 2752) , 21587.

Intergovernmental Power Coordination and Environmental Protection Act, 21594, 21604, 21885.

Power blackouts, 21594.

Table: electric power Interruptions (sundry), 21595-21598, 21600-21603.

Report: Electric Power Interruptions, Federal Power Commission (sundry), 21597-21603.

Electric power: legislation, 21604.

Analysis: S. 2752, Intergovernmental Coordination of Power Development and Environmental Protection Act, 21605.

21587; July 31, 1969; Notice only of the introduction of a Muskie bill, S. 2752, to create a national federal-state system for the location of power plants.

21594 - 21604; July 31, 1969; Muskie makes his introductory statement to S.2752, a bill setting up a coordinated federal-state system for the siting of power plants. The Great Northeast Blackout of 1965, which darkened the homes and cities of 30 million people from New York into Canada was the first warning of an inadequate electric power supply in the country. In subsequent years, smaller blackouts became more common. This bill was one attempt to deal with the problem in a comprehensive nationwide manner.

Electric power: prevention of failures, 21885.

Must We Choose Brownouts or Pollution? Washington Post, 21885.

Electrical Failures: White Warms of Rationing, R. J. Samuelson, Washington Post,21885.

21885; August 1, 1969; Muskie notes that he has the day before introduced legislation to reconcile the need for adequate power with environmental protection, and in the meantime inserts an article about the ideas of a former Chairman of the Federal Power Commission, Lee C. White, who has argued for such legislation, along with a Post editorial endorsing the concept.

Text of S. 2752, Intergovernmental Coordination of Power Development and Environmental Protection Act, 22921.

22921; August 7, 1969; Muskie asks that the full text of the bill S. 2752 be printed in the Record, having been inadvertently omitted when the introductory remarks and documents were printed on July 31.

Memorandum: submission to Cabinet task force on oil import control, 27083.

27083; September 25, 1969; Senator Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) enters into the Record a letter and memorandum prepared by Muskie and Proxmire on the oil import program, and addressed to the Task Force then re-examining the program.

Letter: reply to opposition of Sierra Club to proposed refinery at Machiasport, Maine, Kenneth M. Curtis, 33600

33600; November 10, 1969; Muskie responds to an article placed in the Record by Senator Hansen (R- Wyoming), describing the Sierra Club as opposed to an oil refinery at Machiasport. He inserts a letter from Governor Kenneth Curtis, rebutting the arguments made by the Sierra Club.

Dickey-Lincoln School hydroelectric project, 33925.

33925; November 12, 1969; During debate on the Public Works Appropriation bill, Muskie comments on the continued lobbying opposition from electric utility company which has consistently succeeded in holding back the Dickey-Lincoln public power project in Maine.

Oil imports: controls, 34519.

Oil Letter to Secretary Laird, 34521.

Imports: recommendations on oil program, 34519.

Memorandum: national security and oil imports, five members of Committee on Armed Services, to Secretary of Defense, 34519.

Letter: oil import controls, M. R. Laird, five Senators, 34519.

34519,34520; November 18, 1969; Muskie comments on the forthcoming report from a Presidential Task Force on the oil import quota program and its effects on New England and inserts a letter and memorandum that he and others have sent to the Defense Secretary, Melvin Laird, who is a member of the Task Force.

ENVIRONMENT, PARKS, HISTORIC PRESERVATION AND WILDLIFE

1969 1st Session, 91st Congress

Water pollution, 759.

759; January 15, 1969; Senator Mondale (D-Minnesota) mentions Muskie when he makes a statement supporting S.7, the new version of the Water Quality Improvement Act, which passed both houses on the final day of the previous session of Congress, but which did not become law because Congress adjourned before a finalized version of the bill could be agreed to and sent to the President for his signature.

Water Quality Improvement Act of 1969: enact (see bill S. 7), 768.

768; January 15, 1969; The notice only of Muskie’s introduction of S.7, a bill to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. When a popular piece of legislation fails of final passage in one Congress, it is common for its sponsor to ask for and receive the same bill number for the proposal in the following session of Congress.

Text of S. 7 the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1969, 788.

Water Quality Improvement Act of 1969: proposed, 788.

788; January 15, 1969; Muskie makes his introductory remarks about the water quality bill, S. 7, describing it as unfinished business from the prior session of Congress, and describing briefly its chief focus: oil spills, vessel pollution and thermal pollution. The text of the bill is included with his remarks.

Federal Water Pollution Control Act: amend (see bill S. 544), 1382.

1382; January 22, 1969; Notice only of Muskie’s introduction of S.544, a bill to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.

Text of S. 544, Water Quality Improvement Act of 1969, 1404.

Letter: draft of proposed bill to amend Federal Water Pollution Control Act, M.N. Edwards, 1409.

Water Quality Improvement Act of 1969: Introduction, 1409

1404, 1409; January 22, 1969; Muskie’s introductory remarks on S.544, a bill proposed by the Administration for the purpose of providing for a financing mechanism for waste water treatment plants, which include a copy of the bill text and of the letter from an Assistant Secretary of the Interior, explaining the Administration’s position on the bill.

Committee on Technology and Human Environment: establish, 2151, 2152, 11708, 38222.

Committee on Technology and the Human Environment (Select) : establish ( see S. Res. 78), 2151.

Report: Resolution To Establish a Committee on Technology and the Human Environment, 2153.

By Land, Sea, and Sea, New York Times, 11708.

Senate Hearings Environmental Control, Gershon Fishbein's Health Letter, 38223

2151, 2153; January 29, 1969; Muskie introduces S.Res.78, a resolution to establish a Select Committee on Technology and the Human Environment. In his introductory remarks, he describes the purpose of the proposed Committee, its membership, and includes the text of the resolution along with background data from hearings on the issue, and the report on the 1967 version of this proposal.

11708; May 8, 1969; In a brief statement, Muskie says the Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee has completed hearings on the Select Committee on Technology and the Human Environment, S.Res.78, and inserts a story from the New York Times which describes some of the testimony heard on the subject.

38222; December 10, 1969; Muskie says that one of the critical environmental issues is that new technology is introduced with no environmental review or oversight, which is why he has proposed the creation of the Committee on Tech and the Human environment, and inserts an article from Gershon Fishbein’s December 1 newsletter describing hearings a Muskie subcommittee has held on exposure to nuclear radiation from underground testing.

Pollution and Power in small mill Town, Shelby Coffey III, Potomac Magazine, 2756.

2756; February 4, 1969; In Extensions of Remarks, Muskie inserts an article about pollution in the town of Covington, Virginia, from Potomac magazine.

Thermal Pollution, Frank Coffin (sundry), 3643.

Environmental quality, 3643.

3643; February 18, 1969; Muskie makes a brief statement about the impact of an appellate court’s ruling in a case where states sought to prevent environmental damage from power plant location. The ruling was set forth by Judge Coffin, with whom Muskie had a long professional and personal relationship, and directly affected nuclear power siting questions in Maine and Vermont.

Federal Fine Arts and Architecture Act of 1969: enact (see bill S. 1457), 5684.

Federal Fine Arts and Architecture Act of 1969: introduction, 5688.

Text of S. 1457, Federal Fine Arts and Architecture Act of 1969, 5689.

5684; March 10, 1969; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.1457, a bill to foster high standards of architectural excellence in the design and decoration of federal public buildings and post offices outside the District of Columbia and to provide a program for the acquisition and preservation of works of art for such buildings.

5688; March 10, 1969; Muskie makes introductory remarks on S. 1457, describing the process by which standards of architectural excellence would be developed and maintained through the General Services Administration.

Pollution: oil, 5722.

Mankind's Fouled Nest: Oil on the Waters, E. Cowan, Nation, 5722.

5722; March 10, 1969; Muskie briefly discusses the oil pollution that occurs in large disasters and in connection with routine shipping, notes Senate approval of a bill in the prior year, which failed in the House, and inserts an article about oil pollution from the Nation magazine.

Letter: require AEC to review nuclear power plant licenses, Representative Holifield, 5955.

5955; March 11, 1969; In the House of Representatives, Congressman Holifield (D-California), discussing his bill to regulate the nuclear electricity industry, inserts a letter he wrote to Muskie on the subject of thermal pollution from nuclear power plants, advising that he had left the regulation of this aspect of atomic energy production out of the current year’s bill in deference to Sec. 3 of the Muskie water quality bill, S.7. He also suggests that in working on general thermal pollution control, the Subcommittee take note of those kinds of power plants which generate thermal pollution but do not require federal licenses for construction.

Water pollution, 7101.

7101; March 20, 1969; in Extensions of Remarks, Senator Hugh Scott (R-Pennsylvania), makes a brief statement expressing his concern about the dangers to water of pesticides, and a recent case of salmon being impounded because of pesticide traces, says he has written to Muskie to request that hearings be held, and reports that on March 10, Muskie wrote him that he has had a staff member study the issue and that based on this study, hearings would be held.

Water Pollution, Soap and Detergent Association, D. S. Black, 7256.

7256; March 24, 1969; Muskie inserts in the Record a speech given by David S. Black, a former Under Secretary of the Interior, decrying economic short-sightedness at the expense of the environment, to an audience of the Soap and Detergent Association.

Pollution: water, 8645.

Cranston, Alan: tribute, 8645.

8645; April 3, 1969; Muskie briefly announces that hearings on the water pollution bill have been completed, expresses regret that failure in the House has prevented action which might have averted problems such as the recent disaster off the coast of Santa Barbara, and commends Senator Cranston (D-California) for his interest, his participation in the hearings, his bill, which terminates all drilling in the Santa Barbara Channel and requires a study of the methods of operation on all other Outer Continental Shelf leases.

Solid waste disposal facilities: financial assistance for construction of (see bill S.2005),10599.

10599; April 29, 1969; Notice only of Muskie’s introduction of S.2005, a bill to amend the Solid Waste Disposal Act in order to provide financial assistance for the construction of solid waste disposal facilities and to improve research programs.

Resource Recovery Act of 1969: introduction, 10608, 12104.

Waste disposal facilities: provide financial assistance for construction of solid, 10608.

Analysis: S. 2005, Resource Recovery Act of 1969, 10608.

Text of S. 2005, Resource Recovery Act of 1969, 10608, 12104.

Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution, J. F. Collins, 10610.

Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution, A. C. Daley, 10610.

10608, 10610, 10611; April 29, 1969; Muskie makes introductory remarks on S.2005, the solid waste disposal bill, which is an extension of an existing law, with the added proviso that it encourages recapture and re-use of valuable materials in the waste stream.

12104; May 12, 1969; Muskie notes that upon introduction of the Resource Recovery Act on April 29, only part of the bill text was printed. He asks that the complete text of the bill be printed to correct that error.

Air We Breathe, Water We Drink, Carpenter, by, 11308.

11308; May 5, 1969; Senator Bayh (D-Indiana) inserts a Muskie text, “The Air We Breathe, The Water we drink.” This was originally a speech to the Consumer Assembly, in Washington on January 30, 1969, and was reproduced as an article. Muskie explains the role of the consumer in pollution control and prevention.

New England: nuclear power in, 12051.

Thermal Powerplant Sitting, New England River Basins Commission, 12051.

12051; March 12, 1969; Muskie makes a brief statement and inserts a report from the New England River Basin Commission on the issue of site selection for thermal power generation and the impact of such sites on water resources.

Will Success Spoil the National Parks? R. Cahn, Christian Science Monitor (series), 13937-13958

Environment and natural resource Pulitzer Prize writings, 13937.

Dubos, Rene: Pulitzer Prize, 13937.

Cahn, Robert: Pulitzer Prize, 13937.

13937; May 27, 1969; Muskie comments on the award of Pulitzer prizes for writing about the environment , notably Rene Dubos’ “So Human an Animal : How we are Shaped by Surroundings and Events,” and a series by Christian Science Monitor writer, Robert Cahn, called “Will Success Spoil the National Parks?” which he inserts. Although written in 1968, the problems facing the national park system seem entirely contemporary.

Randolph, Jennings: reply to accusation made against, 14031.

Pollution: tribute to work of Subcommittee on Air and Water, 14031, 14032.

Air Quality Act of 1967: legislation to extend, 14031.

Committee on Public Works: defense of members of, 14031

14031; May 27, 1969; When Senator Randolph (D- West Virginia) introduces a one-year extension of Sec. 104, the research title of the clean air law, Muskie expresses his support and goes on to defend Randolph against claims that he is somehow responsible for “gutting” the clean air laws because the statute does not specifically limit individual pollutants by name.

Lake Superior: program to protect, 15091.

Lake Superior Conference, Senator Nelson, 15092.

15092; June 9, 1969; Muskie inserts the text of a speech given by Senator Nelson (D-Wisconsin) at the first federal-state conference on the enforcement of the clean water laws, held at Lake Superior.

Oil-Pollution Dilemma, Washington Post, 15113.

Santa Barbara oil leak: solution, 15113.

Report: Special Panel on Future of Union Oil Lease, J. C. Calhoun, 15114.

15113; June 9, 1969; Muskie criticizes a Special Panel on the Future of the Union Oil Lease for a cursory review of the issues arising in connection with the oil leak in the Santa Barbara channel and for the recommendation that the Santa Barbara oil reservoir be pumped dry, and inserts a Washington Post editorial which also is critical.

On January 29, 1969, a Union Oil Co. platform located six miles off the Santa Barbara coast suffered a blowout. Efforts to cap the well took 11 days, and in the meantime, some 4 million gallons of oil polluted the Santa Barbara Channel. Because the platform was 6 miles out, beyond the state’s 3-mile coastal zone, California’s strict drilling standards had not been obeyed, and subsequent debate centered on whether and under what conditions oil drilling could continue in the area. The Santa Barbara coastal area also contains some of the largest natural oil and gas seeps in the U.S.

Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1969: enact (see bill S. 2391), 15525.

Pollution: legislation to control, 15544, 15545

Environmental Quality Improvements of 1969: introduction, 15544, 15545.

Text of S. 2391, Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1969, 15545.

Analysis: S. 2391 Environmental Quality Improvement Act, 15545.

15525; June 12, 1969; Notice only of the introduction of Muskie bill S. 2391, the Environmental Quality Improvement Act.

15544; June 12, 1969; Muskie makes the introductory remarks on S.2391, the Environmental Quality Improvement Act. It is a bill designed to incorporate the body of environmental law into each federal project or program, and into all federal research activities, so that environmental standards will govern all the applicable activities of the federal government. The bill also incorporates an Office of Environmental Policy, to be established in the Executive Office of the President. Muskie inserts the text of the bill and a brief explanation of it. This measure was later passed as Title II of the Clean Water Act of 1969.

Marine Resources Preservation Act of 1969: enact (see bill S. 2393), 15525.

Text of S. 2393, Marine Resources Preservation Act of 1969, 15567.

Marine Resources; Preservation Act of 1969: introduction, 15567.

Analysis: Marine Resources Preservation Act of 1969, 15568.

15525; June 12, 1969; Notice only of the introduction of S.2393, the Marine Resources Preservation Act of 1969.

15567; June 12, 1969; Muskie makes introductory remarks on S.2393, the Marine Resources Preservation Act, pointing out that increased use of tidal areas, offshore drilling and increased oil tanker traffic all posed potential threats to marine resources, to which the only response under law was either exclusive conservation or relatively free exploitation. He proposed a system of tidal and coastal preserves which would permit for environmentally sound mixed uses of these regions.

Clean Air Act: extend authorization for research relating to fuels and vehicles under provisions of (see bill S. 2276), 18241.

18241; July 2, 1969; Muskie’s name is added as a cosponsor to a Randolph (D-West Virginia) bill, S.2276, to extend for one year the authorization for research relating to fuels and vehicles under the provisions of the Clean Air Act.

Citizen crusade for clean water, 18424.

List: citizens crusade for clean water, 18424, 18425.

Billion Dollars for Clean Water Urged, Washington Post, 18425.

Coalition Promotes Clean Water, R. Cahn, Christian Science Monitor, 18425.

Billion Dollars To Clean Up Water, R. Hornig, Washington Star, 18425.

18424, 18425; July 7, 1969; Muskie comments on the spontaneous citizens’ crusade for clean water in the face of the inadequate budget funding proposed for the clean water program, inserts news stories from the Washington Post and the Washington Star and the Christian Science Monitor. The battle over clean water funding was one of many budgetary debates that took place against the Nixon Administration’s efforts to assert control over appropriated funds.

Citizen Action for Clean Air, University of Massachusetts, H. Henderson, 19403.

19403; July 14, 1969; Muskie inserts the text of a speech on Citizen Action for Clean Air by Mrs. Carter F. Henderson, the honorary trustee and former chairman of New York City’s Citizens for Clean Air, and commends her efforts in the clean air crusade.

Committee on Public Works, 22908.

22908; August 7, 1969; Muskie reports S.7, a bill to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, with amendments from the Public Works Committee, Report 91-351.

Small Thoughts, S. Alsop, Newsweek, 23009.

23009 [Text begins page 23008]; Muskie makes a brief remark to the effect that serious problems, such as environmental pollution, can become hackneyed when they are not related to personal experience, and inserts a column by Stewart Alsop which illustrates this.

Historical and archeological data: preserve (see bill S. 2893), 25241.

25241; September 12, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Moss (D-Utah) bill, S.2893, to amend the act of June 27, 1960 (74 Stat. 220) relating to the preservation of historical and archeological data. The 1960 law protected archeological and historic data threatened by federal dams; the Moss bill would have extended that protection to all federal projects, and required notification of the Interior Department whenever such a threat to historical data arose.

Solid waste disposal facilities: amend bill (S. 2005) to provide financial assistance for construction of, 24784.

24784: September 9, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of Senator Boggs’ (R-Delaware) amendment No. 153 to S.2005, the Solid Waste Disposal Act. The Boggs amendment was to create a national materials policy, primarily to study what could be recycled and what the nation’s needs for such materials were likely to be.

Senators Feud Over Environmental Bills, Spencer Rich, Washington Post, 27547.

27547; September 29, 1969; In Extensions of Remarks, Congressman Brotzman (R-Colorado) illustrates his point about the conflicting jurisdictional claims of committees working on environmental legislation with an article from the Washington Post which describes the impasse between a Jackson bill on environmental quality, and provisions of the clean water act, the Muskie version.

Water Quality Improvement Act of 1969: bill (S. 7) to enact, 28954-28959, 28966, 28968, 28983-28987, 28997, 28998, 29008, 29048, 29051-29054, 29060-29064, 29089, 29090, 29092, 29093, 29098-29100.

Water Quality Improvement A ct of 1969: amend bill (S. 7) to enact. 28984, 28987, 29050

Environmental Quality Improvements of 1969: 29050-29054, 29060-29062, 29087.

Letter: liability provisions of S. 7, A.I. Mendelsohn, 29049.

Text of amendment, Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1969, 29050.

Text of S. 1075, National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, 29051, 29060.

$1 Billion for Clean Water, Washington Post, 29100.

Keeping Promises, Washington Star, 29100.

28954; October 7, 1969; Muskie opens debate on the Clean Water Act, S. 7, giving an explanation of the oil spill liability language, the federal standard for water craft waste discharge, and the hazardous waste discharge provision of Title I, and explains the purpose of Title II, creating an Office of Environmental Quality in the Executive Office of the President as a means of providing the president with an independent staff to monitor the environmental effects of federal programs and activities.

28983; October 7, 1969; Several amendments dealing with federal reimbursement of state waste water costs, nuclear power plant licensing and public hearings on the issuance of water use permits are debated and voted upon.

28997; October 7, 1969; Muskie and Senator Nelson (D-Wisconsin) discuss the need to establish standards for pesticide contamination, and the amendment is voice voted.

29008; October 7, 1969; Muskie discusses a Proxmire (D-Wisconsin) amendment permitting states and localities to apply to the capital markets for financing of both the local and federal share of waste water treatment facilities, and the amendment is accepted. Consistent under-funding by the appropriations committees at this time meant that states and cities were bound by law to treat raw sewage and clean up the waterways, but did not have the federal matching funds available to do so.

29048; October 8, 1969; During continuing debate on the Clean Water Act, S. 7, Muskie describes in more detail the reasoning behind the oil spill liability limits and exceptions that are found in the bill.

29050; October 8, 1969; Muskie discusses the compromises that have been achieved in Title II of the clean water bill, which creates an Office of Environmental Quality in the White House, and is modified to minimize overlap or conflict with S. 1075, a Jackson (D-Washington) bill that would have set up a somewhat similar office, along with a Board of Environmental Advisors.

Muskie and Jackson worked out their differences on the broad question of environmental quality, with Muskie’s chief concern being the provision in S.1075, which would have allowed federal agencies to issue their own Environmental Impact Statements. Muskie was concerned that such self-policing by federal agencies would inevitably weaken environmental laws, as each agency sought to pursue its primary mandate and relegated environmental requirements to a secondary role. This dispute stemmed in part from a perception that Senator Jackson was seeking to position himself as the preeminent environmental legislator, perhaps with a view to a run for the White House. At this time, Muskie was generally considered to be one of the more prominent Democratic candidates for the presidential nomination.

Nuclear energy: study and evaluation of air and water pollution and other effects of underground uses of (see bill s. 3042), 30331.

30331; October 16, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Gravel (D-Alaska) bill, S.3042, to provide for a study and evaluation of the air and water pollution and other environmental effects of the underground use of nuclear energy for excavation. At this time, the Plowshare Program of what is now the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory was conducting underground nuclear explosions in Nevada to examine the potential of using nuclear power for such purposes as creating a wider Panama Canal or an artificial harbor in Alaska. This was a continuation of the Eisenhower-era effort to find “peaceful” uses for nuclear power, an effort which did not end until 1973. All underground nuclear explosions ended with a U.S. moratorium in 1992.

Atomic energy: evaluate effects of underground uses of, 30334.

Pollution: nuclear, 30334.

Air and water pollution: study effect of underground uses of nuclear energy on, 30334

30334; October 16, 1969; When Senator Gravel (D-Alaska) makes his introductory remarks on S.3042, the bill to study the pollution effects of underground nuclear explosions, he lists Muskie as one of his cosponsors.

Fifth International Conference on Water Pollution Research (see S.J. Res. 162), 30651.

30651; October 21, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor on a Murphy (R-California) resolution, S. J. Res. 162, to give the Senate’s recognition to the Fifth International Conference on Water Pollution Research.

Federal Low-Emission Vehicle Procurement Act: enact (see bill S. 3072), 31472.

31472; October 27, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of S.3072, a Magnuson (D-Washington) bill to stimulate the development, production and distribution in interstate commerce of low-emission motor vehicles in order to provide the public increased protection against the hazards of vehicular exhaust emissions.

California Marine Sanctuary Act of 1969: enact (see bill S. 3093), 32142.

32142; October 29, 1969; Muskie is one of the original cosponsors of a Cranston (D-California) bill, S.3093, to create offshore marine sanctuaries against oil leasing adjacent to state owned submerged lands, when a state suspends leasing of such submerged lands for mineral exploration purposes.

The Santa Barbara oil leak actually occurred just beyond the point where the State of California had established a marine sanctuary, but where the seabed was subject to federal, not state, control. The bill was based on the idea that it made no sense to have a state set aside shore areas to be protected if the federal government could then grant a mineral lease on the seaward side, since the action of the tides guaranteed that any pollution would contaminate the protected area.

Water Quality Improvement Act of 1969: oil spills, 33590.

Oil spills: combating pollution created by, 33590.

Oil Spill Study, Arthur D. Little, Inc. (sundry), 33590.

33590; November 10, 1969; Muskie discusses a report done for the Coast Guard on the issue of oil spills, particularly with respect to the limitations on existing clean-up technology for the larger open ocean spills, and points out that the Senate’s approach to oil spill liability is supported by the evidence of this report.

Reports Tie Air Pollution to Deaths, S. Auerbach, Washington Post, 33839

Pollution: air, 33839, 38210.

Air Quality Improvement Act: introduction, 38210, 38211.

Text of S. 3229, Air Quality Improvement Act, 38211.

Analysis: S. 3229, Air Quality Improvement Act, 38213.

33839; November 12, 1969; Muskie makes a brief statement about the connection between air standards and human health and says industry efforts to delay or dilute clean air standards cannot be permitted to occur, and offers a description of these health effects in a column by Stuart Auerbach from the Washington Post.

38210; December 10, 1969; Muskie makes an introductory statement on S.3229, a bill amending and extending the Clean Air Act. In his remarks, he focuses on the efforts of the airlines to delay installing pollution-free combustors on their existing fleet, and remarks that legislation may become necessary if the industry refuses to act.

Pollution: payment of Torrey Canyon oil claims, 33854.

Torrey Canyon: settlement of claims, 33854.

Payment of Torrey Canyon's Oil Damage, Washington Post, 33855.

33854; November 12, 1969; Muskie comments on the negotiations for payment of the costs of damage of the Torrey Canyon spill, in the context of the forthcoming House-Senate conference on the Water Quality Act, which included language on oil spills. The Torrey Canyon oil tanker ran aground off the coast of Great Britain in 1967, becoming the first major international oil spill disaster in the world, as oil fouled miles of British and French coastlines.

Public works: bill (H.R. 14159) making appropriations for, 33913, 33914, 33925, 36950,36961.

Telegram: funds for water pollution control (sundry), 33914-33918.

33913, 33914-33918; November 12, 1969; During debate on H.R.14159, the Public Works appropriation, Muskie makes a statement indicating the broad support for additional funds for waste water treatment and the number of telegrams of such support from around the country, which he inserts in the Record.

33925; November 12, 1969; During debate on H.R. 14159, the Public Works appropriation bill, Senators discuss the projects funded by the measure, including Muskie’s comment on the inclusion of the Dickey-Lincoln hydro-power project in Maine.

36950; December 4, 1969; During consideration of the conference report on H.R.14159, the public works appropriation, Muskie compliments Senator Ellender (D-Louisiana) the Chairman of the Appropriations Committee, on his successful efforts to increase waste water treatment funding. Water treatment funds were some of the many program funds which the Nixon Administration began to withhold from spending. This practice led ultimately to legislation to require appropriated funds to be spent, but at this time, it was still a subject of complaint by Congress.

36961; December 4, 1969; Muskie laments the fact that the Dickey Lincoln project is not funded in the final conference report on the public works appropriation, H.R.14159, and makes the argument that it is the lobbying of the private power industry throughout the nation which has successfully blocked it in the House of Representatives.

Wanted: A unified Strategy for Environmental Protection, E. A. Locke, American Forest Institute, 34547.

34547; November 18, 1969; Muskie inserts the text of a speech by the president of the American Paper Institute calling on President Nixon to create a strong agency to deal with environmental protection. At this time, environmental laws were being enforced by a number of different agencies within different Cabinet departments. The expansion of this body of law, along with general impatience for better enforcement on the part of the public was leading to an increased awareness that the fragmented enforcement structure was inadequate.

Clean Air Act: bill (S. 2276) to extend, 35805.

Letter: funds for provision of Clean Air Act, by, 35806.

35805;35806; November 25, 1969; Muskie speaks on the conference report on S.2276, the one-year extension of the Clean Air Act’s research title, emphasizing that the development of lower emissions technologies is an integral part of the clean air program, and chastising the Nixon Administration for its budgetary cuts in the effort. This one-year extension was not controversial and passed on a voice vote.

Air Quality Improvement Act: enact (see bill S. 3229), 38198.

38198; December 10, 1969; This reflects the notice only of Muskie’s introduction of S.3229, the Air Quality Improvement Act.

Departments of Labor, Health, Education, and Welfare, and related agencies: amend bill (H.R. 13111) making appropriations, 39293, 39316, 39321.

Letter: program of air quality enhancement, Senator Magnuson, by seven Senators, 39319.

Pollution: funds for research of fuel combustion to prevent air, 39319, 39320.

Report: Proposed Appropriations of $45 Million for Section 104, NAPCA, 39320

Departments of Labor, Health, Education and Welfare, and related agencies: bill (H.R. 13111) making appropriations, 39319-39321.

39293; December 16, 1969; During debate on H.R.13111, Byrd (D-WV) announces he will call up his amendment to increase the funding for the air pollution program, which is sponsored by Muskie and others. Muskie’s name appears at this location, but there is no Muskie text. At this time, funds for air pollution control were channeled through the Health, Education and Welfare Department, as no independent environmental agency then existed.

39316; December 16, 1969; This page is shown in error. The text associated with this index entry begins on Page 39317.

39319,39320; December 16, 1969; During debate on the Labor-HEW Appropriations bill, H.R. 1311, when an amendment is offered to increase funding for air pollution research, Muskie discusses the research goals established in the 1967 Clean Air Act and the far smaller amount of funding made available for them, and includes a letter on this subject to the Chairman of the Appropriations Committee from himself and other Public Works Committee members.

Historical and archaeological data: amend bill (S.2893) to preserve, 39627

39627; December 17, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of a Moss (D-Utah) bill, S.2893, which requires that when federal funds assist in the erection of dams, historical and archeological remains in the region to be flooded are preserved. This is a modification of the original of Moss’s bill, re-written to allow agencies other than the Interior Department to take action to preserve such remains. It is an example of how bills are amended and revised in response to objections by those likely to be affected by them.

National Environmental Policy Act of 1969: bill (S. 1075) to enact, 40423-40426

Council on Environmental Quality: establish, 40424.

40423-40426; 40424; December 20, 1969; The final debate on the conference report on S.1075, establishing the National Environmental Policy Act, involves both Muskie and Jackson (D-WA) who both offered legislation. The creation of this law involved a dispute between the Senate Interior Committee, on which Jackson served and the Public Works Committee, on which Muskie served, as to which would be the primary sponsor of major environmental legislation.

It is fair to say that it also involved a degree of personal rivalry between Muskie and Jackson, who were then in the very early stages of reviewing the possibilities of presidential politics in the 1972 election cycle. A review of the debate explains in detail how the differences arose and were resolved, and also illustrates, through the words of Senator Allot (R-Colorado) the effort made by members of the Republican Party to establish their own bona fides with respect to environmental protection, an issue which was becoming increasingly important in the public mind at this time.

HUMAN RESOURCES PROGRAMS

1969 1st Session, 91st Congress

Full Opportunity Act of 1969: enact (see bill S. 5), 768.

768; January 15, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Mondale (D-Minnesota) bill, S.5, a bill to promote the public welfare. The bill would have created a council of social advisors patterned on the council of economic advisers to consider, measure and predict, if possible, the social effects of government programs in the same way as economists do for the budget and tax policy. The measure was a reaction to the urban riots of the late 1960s, which came as a shock to many in Congress, and also, in part, growing recognition that massive federal programs of highway construction, low-income housing development and other infrastructure displaced people, wrecked neighborhoods and caused disruption in the lives of many.

Agriculture Industry: extend National Labor Relations Act to (see bill S. 8), 768.

768; January 15, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Williams (D- New Jersey) bill, S.8, to amend the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, so as to make its provisions applicable to the agriculture industry. Farm workers were explicitly excluded from the National Labor Relations Act in 1935, but at this time, efforts by leaders like Cesar Chavez to organize field workers on the large California farms, accompanied by actions like the grape boycott, led some to recognize that farm workers needed the protections of the Labor Relations Act. This bill would have applied only to farms whose effect on interstate commerce was $50,000 or more p.a., reaching just 3.5 % of all farms, but covering 45% of farm workers.

National Foundation for the Social Sciences: establish (see bill S. 508), 1382.

1382; January 22, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Harris (D-Oklahoma) bill, S.508, to provide for the establishment of a National Foundation for the Social Sciences in order to promote research, education, training and scholarship in such sciences. Such bills were popular at a time when many believed that the social sciences were on the way to providing important information to guide public policy makers.

Social Security Act: coverage of certain drugs under health insurance benefits (see bill S. 763), 2137.

2137; January 29, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Montoya (D-New Mexico) bill, S.763, to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act so as to include, among other health insurance benefits covered under Part B thereof, the coverage of prescription drugs. The effort to expand Medicare so as to cover drug costs began almost immediately after the program was created.

Youth camp safety standards: Federal leadership in developing State programs (see bill S. 809), 2339.

2339; January 31, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Ribicoff (D-Connecticut) bill, S.809, to provide federal leadership and grants to the States for developing and implementing State programs for youth camp safety standards. Bills directed to summer camp safety standards were proposed for many years in response to annual deaths of children at camps.

Research in Aging Act: enact (see bill S. 870), 2548.

Institute on Retirement Income: establish (see bill S. 869), 2548.

2548; February 4, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of two Williams (D- New Jersey) bills, S.869, to provide for the establishment of an Institute on Retirement Income which would conduct studies and make recommendations designed to enable retired individuals to enjoy an adequate retirement income, and S.870, to promote the advancement of biological research in aging through a comprehensive and intensive 5-year program for the systematic study of the basic origins of the aging process in human beings.

Community colleges: assist States in development and construction of comprehensive (see bill S. 1033), 3423.

3423; February 17, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Williams (D-New Jersey) bill, S.1033, to improve and increase post-secondary educational opportunities throughout the nation by providing assistance to the states for the development and construction of comprehensive community colleges.

Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs (Select) : resolution (S. Res. 68) authorizing investigations, 3690.

3690; February 18, 1969; During debate on the action of the Appropriations Committee in reducing by 40% the funding for the Select Committee on Nutrition, a Muskie statement in favor of the resolution restoring full funding appears at the close of debate. Although the Congressional Record does not reflect this fact, many such statements found in debates are not actually spoken on the floor of the Senate, but are instead inserted into the paper record of the debate by having a typewritten text of the statement given to the Senate Recording Clerk. From time to time, efforts have been made to distinguish such inserted statements from the spoken debate by placing a printer’s bullet by the text, but such distinctions are generally not widely supported by the Senators themselves, so they don’t last long.

Creed for those who believe in the handicapped, Leonard W. Mayo, 3800.

Physically Handicapped, Governor Curtis, 3800.

Maine's Rehabilitation Needs, Bennett D. Katz, 3801.

3800; February 18, 1969; In Extensions of Remarks, Muskie inserts material relating to a meeting between Governor Curtis and representatives of Maine’s rehabilitative community over the proposal to create a single rehabilitation program in Maine to deal with the needs of Maine’s handicapped citizens.

Social Security Act: definition of disability (see bill S. 1132), 4297.

4297; February 25, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Metcalf (D- Montana) bill, S.1132, to amend title II of the Social Security Act so as to provide that the definition of the term “disability” in the title shall be the same as that in effect prior to the enactment of the Social Security Amendments of 1967. As the costs of the Social Security disability program have risen over the decades, Administrations of a number of Presidents have sought to reduce those costs by re-defining the meaning of “disability” so that fewer persons qualify for payments.

National Employ the Older Worker Week: designate (see S.J. Res. 74), 5685.

5685; March 10, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Randolph (D- West Virginia) Joint Resolution 74 to provide for the designation of the first full calendar week in May of each year as “National Employ the Older Worker Week.”

Artificial Organs, Transplantation, and Technological Development Act of 1969: proposed (see bill S. 88), 5839.

5839; March 11, 1969; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to the Jackson (D-Washington) bill, S.88, the Artificial Organ, Transplantation and Technological Development Act of 1968. At this time, organ transplantation was still extremely rare and although some progress had been made on understanding the immunosuppressive process by which an organ from one person can be moved into the body of another, it still seemed equally plausible that entirely artificial organs would be constructed before human-to-human transplantation techniques were improved.

Office of Economic Opportunity: expanded legal services program (see bill S. 1291) 7661.

7661; March 26, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of S. 1291, a Mondale (D-Minnesota) bill to provide for an expanded Legal Services program within the Office of Economic Opportunity. The legal services program, which began as a small series of pilot programs under the War on Poverty was the civil equivalent of the court-ordered requirement that every defendant in a felony trial be afforded counsel. The goal of legal services was to provide the same coverage to low-income people for civil matters, such as divorce, child custody, and similar cases.

Department of Consumer Affairs: establish (see bill S. 860), 7661.

7661; March 26, 1969; Muskie’s name is added as a cosponsor to a Nelson (D-Wisconsin) bill, S.1291, to create a Cabinet-level Department of Consumer Affairs. This proposed cabinet department (which was never created) was especially popular at this time because the Federal Trade Commission was perceived to be outdated, inefficient and unresponsive to consumers.

Social Security Act: repeal provisions limiting number of children to whom payments can be made under certain program (see bill S. 1959), 10415

Social Security Act: revise provisions relating to aid to families with dependent children (see bill S. 1960),10415.

10415; April 25, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of two Harris (D-Oklahoma) bills, S.1959 and S. 1960, designed to reverse changes made in the 1967 revision of certain welfare programs. These changes were reversed in Senate votes in 1968, but the Senate action was dropped in conference. One bill would have repealed the freeze on the federal share of welfare costs which was due to begin on July 1, 1969; the other would have altered rules which encouraged the break-up of families by denying aid to households that included a male parent. Senator Harris identified both these bill as initiatives taken by the late Senator Robert F. Kennedy before he was assassinated.

Telegram: Job Corps closures, to President Nixon, by 26 Members, 10466.

10466; April 25, 1969; During a discussion by Senator Cranston (D-California) of his resolution in opposition to the Administration’s plan to shut 59 of the 106 Job Corps centers and camps, a telegram urging a review of this decision is entered in the record, and Muskie’s name appears as one of the signatories. There is no Muskie text.

Job Corps: opposition to shutdown of installations (see S. Res. 183), 10477

10477; April 25, 1969; Muskie’s name is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Cranston (D-California) resolution, S.Res. 183, opposing the Administration’s plan to close 59 of the 106 Job Corps centers.

Alcoholism, more effective prevention and treatment of (see bill S. 1997), 10598.

10598; April 29, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Javits (R- New York) bill, S.1997, to provide for more effective prevention and treatment protocols for alcoholism. It was in these years that alcoholism began to be seen and treated as a disease, rather than a failure of morality.

Food Stamp Reform Act of 1969: enact (see bill S. 2014), 10599.

10599; April 29, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a McGovern (D- South Dakota) bill, S.2014, to amend the Food Stamp Act of 1964 to provide adequate food and nutrition among low-income households. At this time, the Food Stamp program was a local option, and low-income families living in localities that had chosen not to participate were unable to purchase food stamps. The bill would have enabled the Agriculture Department to contract with private agencies to provide food stamps, allowed eligible recipients to purchase food stamps in smaller increments than monthly, provided free stamps to those whose incomes fell below two-thirds of the cost of an adequate diet, and raised the value of food stamps to equal what the Agriculture Department calculated a “low-cost” diet – $1 per day per person. At this time there were 8 million persons unable to afford an adequate diet in the United States.

Emergency Detention Act of 1950: repeal (see bill S. 1872), 11082.

11082; May 1, 1969; Muskie’s name is added to an Inouye (D-Hawaii) bill, S.1872, to repeal the Emergency Detention Act of 1950 (Title II of the Internal Security Act of 1950). The Internal Security Act, passed over President Truman’s veto in 1950, permitted detention of citizens under a presidential declaration of emergency and its existence as statute law helped fuel ghetto rumors that concentration camps were being prepared for the detention of large numbers of black nationalists and other political dissenters. A recommendation to this effect was, in fact, approved by the House Un-American Affairs Committee in May 1968, giving added credence to such rumors.

PTA: help support special education, 11153.

11153; May 1, 1969; In Extensions of Remarks, Muskie makes a brief statement expressing support for the work of Parent Teacher Associations in supporting special education, with particular reference to the benefit thrown for the Concord, Longview and Stephen Knolls schools in Montgomery County, Maryland which serve moderately retarded children.

Job Corps camps: defer shut down (see S. Res. 194), 11267.

11267; May 5, 1969; Senator Cranston (D-California) reports (on behalf of Senator Nelson (D-Wisconsin) the chairman of the Subcommittee on Employment, Manpower and Poverty) an original resolution, S. Res. 194, expressing the sense of the Senate in opposition to the administration’s plan to close down 59 Job Corps centers. Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of the resolution.

Head Start child development program: provide for expanded (see S. 2060), 11387

11387; May 5, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Mondale (D-Minnesota) bill, S.2060, to provide for an expanded Head Start child development program within the Office of Economic Opportunity. The Head Start program for pre-school children began as a pilot summer program in 1965 and has been expanding to serve more families and communities since then. It is one of the very few elements of the 1960s War on Poverty to have survived. In 1969, it was moved from the Office of Economic Opportunity to the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, today known as the Department of Health and Human Services.

Senior aides program: Aroostook County, 11753.

Report: Vignette for NCOA Biennial Conferences, A. Dyer, 11754.

11753; May 8, 1969; Muskie describes a pilot program to use senior citizens in service projects, one of which was established in Aroostook County in Maine, and inserts an article describing it.

Library Services and Construction Act, 12053.

National Library Week, 12053.

Your Local Library, E. Y. Blewett, Portland Telegram, 12053.

12053; May 12, 1969; Muskie makes a brief statement in support of the Congressional effort to fund public libraries in the 1966 Library Services and Construction Act, castigates the Administration’s budget cuts of 50% of library money in ESEA and library construction funding entirely, even while declaring April 20-26 to be National Library Week. He enters an article by Edward Blewett, President of Westbrook Junior College, called “Your Local Library: A Hub or a Backwater?”

Letter: opposition to proposed closing of certain Job Corps camps (sundry), 12121-12131.

Job Corps program: resolution (S. Res. 194) expressing sense of Senate in regard to changes in, 12121.

12121; May 12, 1969; Muskie makes a brief statement during consideration of S.Res.194, on the closing of Job Corps centers, saying that he has heard from hundreds of those enrolled and proceeds to spread these letters over the next several pages of the Record.

National Commission on Libraries and Information Science: establish (see bill S. 151

9),12280.

12280; May 13, 1969; Muskie’s name is added as a cosponsor of S.1519, a Yarborough (D-Texas) bill to establish a National Commission on Libraries and Information Science.

Youth Conservation Corps: establish in Departments of Interior and Agriculture (see bill S. 1076), 12281.

12281; May 13, 1969; Muskie’s name is added as a cosponsor of a Tydings (D- Maryland) bill, S.1076; to establish a Youth Conservation Corps in the Departments of Interior and Agriculture.

Student Assistance Act of 1969: enact (see bill S. 1788), 13691.

13691; May 26, 1969; Muskie’s name is added as a cosponsor to S.1788, a Mondale (D-Minnesota) bill aimed at extending needs-based aid for college tuition costs, providing grants to institutions which make a particular effort to serve lower-income students, expanding federal loans and grants for graduate and professional education, and chartering a private student loans bank.

Indians of all tribes: extend special additional Federal matching funds to (see bill S. 2265), 13995.

13995; May 27, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Metcalf (D- Montana) bill to amend the Social Security Act as it affected American Indians of all tribes. The bill would have provided that in the case of payments made under the Social Security Act – that is, money for old age assistance, Aid to Dependent Children, aid to the blind, permanently and totally disabled, and medical assistance – all programs where there is a state share to be paid, the federal government would reimburse the states 80% of the state share in the case of all Indians. An earlier amendment of the Social Security Act had provided such a federal reimbursement, but only for members of the Navajo and Hopi tribes. Maine was home to several small tribes which did not have federal recognition, meaning that virtually all assistance to Maine Indians came from the State government. This bill provided a way for the federal government to increase its share of the costs of programs that served such tribes.

Report: Library Services and Construction Act, American Library Association,15130.

Report: Maine Library Services and Construction Act, American Library Association, 15130.

Table: 1970 budget of Office of Education, 15131-15133.

Federal aid to education: administration proposals to reduce, 15129-15131, 15133

Education: full funding of programs, 15131, 15133.

15130; June 9, 1969; Muskie makes remarks opposing the Nixon budget for education, and supplies information about the effect the proposed budget cuts would have on some Maine facilities.

Economic Opportunity Act of 1964: continue programs authorized under (see bill S. 2367), 15524.

15524; June 12, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of S.2367, a Javits (R- New York)-Nelson (D-Wisconsin) bill to provide for the continuation of programs authorized under the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964. This was a 2-year extension for the Office of Economic Opportunity, and represented a surprising shift from the rumors that the Nixon Administration would not support poverty programs and would seek to eliminate them. Senator Nelson (D-Wisconsin) had introduced an extension bill, and his Subcommittee on Employment, Manpower and Poverty had already held hearings on it, so the Nixon Administration offered an extension bill belatedly, in order to have something on the table when the issue was debated. Donald Rumsfeld, then the Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity, announced that his agency was developing an expanded role for the Office, not only for hunger but also to expand Community Action Agencies, Vista, emergency food and medical services. Senator Nelson was asked to cosponsor the Administration bill to keep it bipartisan, and it is a good bet that Muskie agreed to add his name to it for much the same kind of reason.

Appropriations: amend bill (H.R. 11400) making second supplemental, 16070, 16457.

16070; June 17, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of a Yarborough (D-Texas) amendment, amendment 44, to H.R.11400, the Second Supplemental Appropriations bill. The amendment would have exempted educational programs from statutory budget cuts, and was approved.

16457; This index item is in error. There is no Muskie text or any mention of Muskie on this page. There is a Muskie budget amendment to the second supplemental on page 16447.

Committee on Aging (Special) : notice of hearings, 16369.

16369; June 18, 1969; Muskie, as Chairman of the Subcommittee on the Health of the Elderly of the full Special Aging Committee, announces hearings on the “Health Aspects of the Economics of Aging”, and briefly describes the work he is doing on the issue of health care costs in connection with older Americans. As a “Special” Senate Committee, the Aging committee and its subcommittees had no jurisdiction to write laws, so their principal contribution to the policy debate was through holding hearings and providing a platform for different policy choices to be aired.

Equal Employment Opportunities Enforcement Act: enact (see bill S. 2453), 16526.

16526; June 19, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Williams (D- New Jersey) bill, S.2453, to further equal employment opportunities. The 1964 Civil Rights Act, under which the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission was authorized to administer the Civil Rights Act, did not give the agency authority to issue judicially enforceable cease and desist orders to back up its findings of discrimination. In practice, this meant that unless the Department of Justice found a pattern or practice of discrimination, an individual had to seek judicial redress on his own, and could get no practical help from the Commission. The bill would have granted the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission authority to issue enforceable cease and desist orders.

National Kidney Disease Act of 1969; enact (see bill S. 2482) 17192.

17192; June 25, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of S.2482, a Javits (R- New York) bill to amend the Public Health Service Act so as to add to such act a new title dealing especially with kidney disease and kidney-related diseases. Kidney dialysis treatment and the first few kidney transplants during the 1960s signaled a hope that end-stage renal disease could be controlled, but because dialysis was in many ways considered an experimental procedure, Medicare did not reimburse for the treatment. Congress did not finally approve Medicare reimbursement for dialysis until 1972.

Social Security Act: eligibility of blind persons to receive benefits under (see bill S. 2518), 18242, 20253.

18242; July 2, 1969; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to a Hartke (D-Indiana) bill, S.2518, to amend title II of the Social Security Act so as to liberalize the conditions of eligibility for blind persons to receive disability insurance benefits under the Social Security program.

20253; July 22, 1969; Muskie’s name is again added as a cosponsor to S.2518, as Senator Byrd (D-West Virginia) announces the fact that Muskie was one of those who originally indicated his desire to cosponsor this legislation but, through an inadvertence, his name was omitted from the list that went to the bill clerk, and Byrd asks that the permanent record be corrected to show Muskie among the list of cosponsors as of June 30, 1969.

National Adult-Youth Communications Week: proclaim (see S.J. Res. 134), 19022.

19022; July 10, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Tydings (D- Maryland) resolution, S.J.Res. 134, authorizing the President to proclaim the week of September 28, 1969 through October 4, 1969 as “National Adult-Youth Communications Week”

American Library Association, H. H. Humphrey, 19396.

Humphrey, Hubert H.: tribute, 19396.

19396; July 14, 1969; Muskie inserts former Vice President Humphrey’s speech to the American Library Association in Atlantic City, about the proposed cuts in education and library services in the budget, and pays tribute to Humphrey’s concerns about the issue.

St. John Valley, Maine: bilingual education, 19400.

Education: bilingual, 19400.

Bilingual Culture, G. Wilcox, Maine Teacher, 19401.

19400; July 14, 1969; Muskie remarks that since the amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act with the bilingual Title VII in 1967, no funds have been available for French-speaking children, even though 20% of the children in the St. John Valley would qualify for bilingual education, and includes an article which describes how Maine teachers have worked with the bilingual kids despite the lack of federal funding.

Volunteer firemen: make provisions of Vocational Education Act of 1963 applicable to persons preparing to be (see bill S. 2636), 19807.

19807; July 16, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of S.2636, a Boggs (R-Delaware) bill to extend the provisions of the Vocational Education Act of 1963 to make them applicable to individuals preparing to be volunteer firemen.

Narcotic addiction and drug abuse: comprehensive control of (see bill S. 2608), 20968.

20968; July 28, 1969; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to a Yarborough (D-Texas) bill, S.2608, to provide for comprehensive control of narcotic addiction and drug abuse. The bill would have expanded research into narcotics and the process of addiction, increased the federal share of funding for community drug rehabilitation programs, created an educational campaign against addicting substances, and shifted marijuana from the list of narcotic drugs to the list of depressant or stimulant drugs, thus reducing penalties for its use. At this time it was estimated that 100,000 persons nationwide were habitual drug users, up from an estimated 60,000 in the first half of the decade, but the very widespread use of marijuana was acknowledged.

American Goals, Jefferson, Indiana, by, 21749

21749; July 31, 1969; In Extensions of Remarks, Rep. Lee Hamilton (D-Indiana) inserts the text of a Muskie speech at the Jeffersonville, Indiana, High school field house, in which he discussed the then-recent moon landing of Apollo 11, and asked why the earthbound problems of the nation could not be addressed with the same will and energy. This was a common theme at the time of the moon landing, although it later degenerated into the complaint, “If we can put a man on the moon, surely we can . . .”

Medical schools and teaching hospitals: financial condition, 22930.

Health and Manpower Act of 1968: concern over administration's proposals for funding, 22930-22933.

Table: difference in funds for Health Manpower Act, 22930.

Public health schools: grants, 22930.

Nurses: training, 22930.

Table: Federal awards for dental student loans and scholarships, 22931, 22932.

Health, Field's Money Famine, Medical World News, 22933.

Mental health manpower, 22933,

22930-22933; August 7, 1969; Muskie makes a statement in response to the President’s message on the federal health care budget, noting that the Administration is substantially reducing spending on health manpower programs. At this time, the rate of inflation was outrunning the interest rate limits on student loan rates, a factor particularly affecting students of the health professions.

Student Insured loan program: authorize flexible interest rates for (see bill S. 2422), 23001.

23001; August 8, 1969; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to a Bayh (D-Indiana) bill, S.2422, to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to permit the Department of Health, Education and Welfare flexibility in setting student loan rates. Student loans were provided by commercial banks and guaranteed by the government, but when commercial interest rates rose in this period, money for student loans became scarce, as few banks were interested in taking the risk.

Valedictory, Foxcraft School, L. Thomen, 23522.

23522; August 12, 1969; Muskie was the featured speaker at the graduation ceremonies at the Foxcroft School in Middleburg, Virginia, and inserts a copy of the valedictorian’s address on that occasion.

Blind persons: strengthen and improve program of operating vending facilities (see bill S. 2461). 24284.

24284; September 4, 1969; Muskie is one of many additional cosponsors added to a Randolph (D-West Virginia) bill, S.2461, to amend the Randolph-Sheppard Act for the blind. The original law was a 1935 enactment providing for the establishment of vending stands in federal buildings to be operated by blind persons. These amendments sought to bring the law up to date by including vending machines, requiring that a location for vending stands be considered in any new or substantially renovated building intended to house a federal agency, and to provide an arbitration procedure to resolve disputes.

Opportunities Industrialization Centers: provide Federal financial assistance to (see bill S. 1362), 24779.

24779; September 9, 1969; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to a Boggs (R-Delaware) bill, S.1362, to provide federal financial assistance to Opportunities Industrialization Centers. OICs were a project first started in Pennsylvania, which sought to provide vocational training for low-income and minority students in an urban setting.

 

Federally impacted areas: school aid to (see S. J. Res. 148), 25004.

25004; September 10, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Montoya (D- New Mexico) joint resolution, S. J. Res. 148, to amend the continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1970 in order to provide for payment to local educational agencies of full entitlements pursuant to the provisions of title I of Public Law 81-874. Federal aid to local schools in areas housing military bases was intended to offset the costs to localities of teaching children whose parents did not pay local property taxes. Over the years, as fewer military families lived on-base, the impact aid program was repeatedly a target of Presidents looking for ways to cut spending. Muskie always defended the impact aid program because of its effect on Maine.

Nineteen Clinical Units Facing Shutdown, H. M. Schmeck, 25012.

General clinical research centers: opposed to closing of 19, 25012.

Children's diseases: research, 25012.

Medical research: need to continue, 25012.

25012; September 10, 1969; Muskie raises questions about the proposal by President Nixon to close nineteen of the country’s 93 clinical research centers, which contribute to advances in health care by providing a clinical setting in which researchers can establish treatment protocols that can be used in all hospitals.

To Close the Opportunity Gap, Senator H. A. Williams, Junior College Journal, 27904.

27904; October 1, 1969; Muskie inserts Senator Harrison Williams’ (D-New Jersey) speech on his proposal to develop 2-year community colleges as a means of helping lower-income students receive post-secondary education.

Older persons: economics, 28921.

Economics of Aging, Senator H. A. Williams, AFL-CIO Federationist, 28921.

28921; October 7, 1969; Muskie inserts Senator Harrison Williams’ (D-New Jersey) article from the Labor publication, the Federationist, about the economic implications of aging. Senator Williams was then the Chairman of the Special Committee on Aging, on which Muskie served.

Social Security Act: increase benefits under old-age, survivors, and disability insurance program (see bill S. 3100), 32657

32657; November 3, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Williams (D- New Jersey) bill, S.3100, to amend the Social Security Act to provide increases in benefits under the old-age, survivors and disability insurance program and to provide health insurance benefits for the disabled. At this time, Social Security benefits were not indexed to the cost of living, so as inflation rose, the purchasing power of pensions was eroded. This problem was one of the major domestic policy issues of this period.

Education: supplement joint resolution making continuing appropriations for fiscal year 1970 (see bill S.J. Res. 163), 32813.

32813; November 4, 1969; Muskie’s name is added as a cosponsor to a Montoya (D- New Mexico) resolution, S. J. Res. 163, amending the continuing appropriations bill for the fiscal year 1970 to increase funding for education programs to the levels provided by the House of Representatives in its regular appropriation, H.R. 13111. This was an interim resolution whose purpose was to permit the Office of Education to spend at the House-approved level instead of the President’s budgeted level until the Senate could enact a permanent appropriation for the fiscal year. This formed part of the ongoing dispute between the Administration and the Congress over spending levels for domestic programs.

Indian tribes: make benefits available to certain (see bill S. 3135), 33835.

Indians: legislation to extend certain federal aid to State established reservations, 33836.

Text of S. 3135, extend Federal aid to State established Indian reservations, 33836.

33835, 33836; November 12, 1969; Muskie introduces a bill, S.3135, which would provide the benefits generally available to federally-recognized Indian tribes to the tribes living in the eight Eastern states. Because tribal reservations in the oldest states were negotiated and established before the federal government came into existence, most federal programs dealing with Native Americans excluded them. This problem became acute by the end of the 1970s, when Maine’s Passamaquoddy Indians sued to regain some two-thirds of the land in the state of Maine. Other Eastern states also experienced similar lawsuits. The Maine Indian Land Claims lawsuits were not settled until October, 1980, after Muskie had left office.

Opportunity in education, College Admissions Counselors Association, by, 34480,

34480; November 17, 1969; Rep. James H. Scheuer (D- New York) inserts the text of a Muskie speech to the National Association of College Admissions Counselors. Muskie spoke at a time when 42% of high school graduates were enrolled in post-secondary education, and pointed to the need for more minority and low-income students to be able to achieve a post-secondary education.

Letter: smoking and health programs, R. Finch, 39105.

Cigarette: advertising, 39105.

Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1969: bill (H.R. 6543) to enact, 39105.

Save the Cigarette Bill, Washington Post, 39105.

39105; December 15, 1969; Muskie explains why he was unable to be present to vote in favor of a Moss (D-Utah) bill, the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act, and inserts a letter from Robert Finch, the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, along with an editorial from the Washington Post on the question of cigarette advertising. At this time, cigarette advertising was coming under attack as the evidence of a connection between smoking and lung cancer was growing stronger. Muskie remained an occasional cigar smoker all his life.

Hyde School, 40070.

40070; December 18, 1969; Muskie makes a brief statement about the approach the Hyde School, in Bath, Maine, takes to the education of high school students. Muskie is a trustee of the school and although he does not endorse the Hyde approach for all schools, expresses the hope that the school can be a model for others in some respects.

FEDERALISM, INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS

1969 1st Session, 91st Congress

Equitable land acquisition policies: establish (see bill S. 1), 768.

768; January 15, 1969; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.1, a bill to provide for uniform and equitable treatment of persons displaced from their homes, businesses, or farms by federal and federally assisted programs and to establish uniform and equitable land acquisition policies for federal and federally-assisted programs.

Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1969: enact (see bill S. 11), 768.

768; January 15, 1969; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.11, a bill to reinforce the federal system by strengthening the personnel resources of state and local governments by providing grants to local and state governments for worker training and allowing for temporary assignment of federal workers to state agencies.

Uniform Relocation Assistance and Land Acquisition Policies Act of 1969: proposed, 772.

Text of S. 1, the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Land Acquisition Act of 1969, 772.

772; January 15, 1969; Muskie makes an introductory statement on S. 1, the Uniform Relocation Act, which he is re-introducing in a new session of Congress. The fact that this Muskie bill was S.1, the first bill to be introduced reflects the importance that the Democratic Majority assigned to Muskie as one of their political standard-bearers, following his performance as the vice presidential nominee in the 1968 presidential election race. Because Congress had already included relocation language in both the highway bill and the housing bill in 1968, the bill as introduced in 1969 would have affected relatively few relocation cases.

 

Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1969: proposed, 795.

Text of S. 11 the Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1969, 796.

795; January 15, 1969; Muskie makes introductory remarks on S. 11, the Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1969, pointing out that although the Senate passed the almost identical bill in 1967, the House was unable to act before the end of the session, so the need for better personnel training and policies at the state and local level remains unmet.

Committee on Government Operations: authorizing investigations (see S. Res. 27),1249.

Committee on Government Operations, 1249, 26688, 30650.

Intergovernmental relations between United States and the States: authorize funds for study of (see S. Res. 264), 26688

1249; January 17, 1969; Muskie reports, from the Committee on Government Operations, S. Res.27, authorizing the study of intergovernmental relationships between the United States and the states and municipalities and of the reports and recommendations submitted to the Congress by the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. This is the basic authorizing language for Muskie’s Subcommittee.

26688; September 23, 1969; Muskie reports a Government Operations Committee Resolution, S. Res.264, authorizing the committee to spend an additional $10,000 for the study of intergovernmental relations.

30650; October 21, 1969; Muskie reports from the Committee on Government Operations, S.1, a bill to provide for uniform and equitable treatment of persons displaced by federal and federally assisted programs (Report 91-488) , and S.11, a bill to strengthen the personnel resources of state and local governments (Report 91-489).

Commission on Afro-American History and Culture: establish (see bill S. 14), 1327.

1327; January 21, 1969; Senator Scott (R-Pennsylvania) makes a correction adding cosponsors to his bill, S.14, which would establish a commission on Afro-American History and Culture, and lists all the cosponsors, including Muskie.

Maine: conveyance of certain land to (see bill S. 752), 2187.

2137 (The page referenced in the Index is in error); January 29, 1969; Notice only of Muskie introduction of a bill, S.752, to authorize the conveyance of all right, title and interest of the United States reserved or retained in certain lands heretofore conveyed to the State of Maine.

  

Appointed to Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, 3195.

3195; February 7, 1969; Muskie is re-appointed by the Vice President to continue his long-standing service on the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations.

Letter: activities of Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Relations, by, 3503-3505.

Committee on Government operations: resolution (S. Res. 27) authorizing investigations, 3503, 3505-3508.

3503-3505; 3505-3508; February 17, 1969; During the debate on S. Res.27, the funding resolution for the Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee he chairs, Muskie discusses with Senator Ellender (D-Louisiana) the growth of the Subcommittee and the work it is undertaking. In these years, the growth of subcommittees and staff prompted an annual debate between those who wanted to keep overall costs down and those who wished to expand their jurisdictions. This is one example of these debates.

Committee on Government operations: notice of hearings, 4893, 8618, 24285, 24286.

Intergovernmental Revenue Act of 1969: hearings on, 24285.

4893; February 18, 1969; Muskie announces hearings of the Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Relations on Senate Resolution 78, to establish a Select Committee on Technology and Human Environment on March 4, 5 and 6 and continuing on March 18. The purpose of Senate Resolution 78 is to create a forum in the Senate to study the character and extent of technological changes that will probably occur and should be promoted within the next 50 years and their effect on population, communities and industry.

8618; April 3, 1969; Muskie, standing in for Senator Ribicoff (D-Connecticut), announces that the Subcommittee on Executive Reorganization will hold a hearing on S.293, S.66, S.328 on April 15, and hearings on S.860 will be held on April 17 and 24.

24285, 24286; September 4, 1969; Muskie announces hearings by the Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee on a variety of bills, including a revenue-sharing measure, and proposals to consolidate and improve the management of federal grants to the states.

State and local finances: ACIR report on, 5247.

Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, 5247, 17192.

5247; March 4, 1969; Muskie reports on a new report from the Advisory Council on Intergovernmental Relations, on guidelines for a more equitable and efficient tax system at the state and local level. During this period, states had begun to rely ever more heavily on the property tax to finance a range of state and local activities, and there were news reports of an imminent tax revolt at the local level. There were also growing calls for a general sharing of taxes raised by the federal government with the states and localities, based on the argument that federal taxes were preempting the sources that states could realistically tap for more funds.

National Commission on Federal Tax Sharing: establish (see bill S. 1693), 9116.

9116; April 15, 1969; Muskie is added as a cosponsor of S.1693, a Byrd (D-West Virginia) bill to establish a National Commission on Federal Tax Sharing, an idea which had gained a great deal of currency at this time, as states contended that they were unable to raise more taxes on residents because the federal tax system was taking more than its fair share of revenue sources. The allocation of taxing authority between federal and state governments has never been fixed at a point with which both sides are happy, but the system was particularly imbalanced in these years, partly as a result of inflation and economic stagnation.

Federal assistance programs: authorize consolidation (see bill S. 2035), 11060.

Grant Consolidation Act of 1969: introduction, 11063, 11064.

Text of title VI, consolidation of grant-in-aid programs, 11064.

11060; May 1, 1969; Muskie is shown as one of the original cosponsors of a Mundt (R- North Dakota) bill, S.2035, to amend Title 5, United States Code, to authorize the consolidation of federal assistance programs. Senator Mundt was the ranking Republican member of Muskie’s Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee, and as a courtesy Muskie sometimes cosponsored Mundt’s proposals in this field.

11063, 10064; May 1, 1969; Muskie makes a statement upon cosponsoring the Administration’s bill to provide some authority to the President to consolidate similar grant programs as a means of reducing the proliferation of special-purpose programs, pointing out that the proposal is similar to the he had taken earlier in trying to achieve the same goal.

Property located in Federal areas: liability for payment of property taxes on certain (see bill S. 2048), 11061.

11061; May 1, 1969; Notice only of Muskie’s introduction of S.2048, a bill to permit states or local governments to levy property taxes on real estate located on federal lands.

Property located in Federal areas: permit States to subject persons to liability for payment of taxes on, 11082.

11082; May 1, 1969; Muskie makes introductory remarks on S.2048, a bill which would allow states and localities to impose property taxes on private property inside federal enclaves, provided that the taxpayer is given access to all state and local services, such as schools, voter registration, and the courts of law.

Federal Editors Association, by, 13922.

13922; May 27, 1969; Senator Sparkman (D-Alabama) inserts the text of a Muskie speech to an association of editors working for the federal government, which discusses the use of written information in a time when visual and oral presentations are more common.

National Conference on Public Administration, 15114.

States and the Urban Crisis, American society for Public Administration, P. H. Hoff, 15114.

Role of States in Urban Crisis, American Society for Public Administration, J. J. Gunther, 15114.

15114; June 9, 1969; Muskie comments on the statements made at a National Conference on Public Administration on the question of the states’ ability to respond to urban problems, and inserts speeches by John Gunther, Executive Director of the Conference of Mayors, and Philip Hoff, former governor of Vermont.

Intergovernmental Cooperation Act of 1969: enact (see bill S. 2479), 16966.

16966; 6/24/69; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.2479, a bill to improve the financial management of federal assistance programs, to permit grant programs to be consolidated, and to improve Congressional oversight of federal grant programs.

Intergovernmental Cooperation Act of 1969: introduction, 16970, 16971.

Text of S. 2479, Intergovernmental Cooperation Act of 1969, 16971.

Federal grants-in-aid: strengthen operation of, 16970, 16971.

Analysis: S. 2479 Intergovernmental Cooperation Act of 1969, 16974.

16970; June 24, 1969; Muskie makes introductory remarks on the Intergovernmental Cooperation Act, emphasizing that the explosion of grant programs to well over 400 different programs has created a major problem in the federal system. His bill is designed to help combat the problem by allowing grants to be consolidated, providing for better auditing of programs, and by improving the ability of the Congress, the Executive Branch and the state governments to oversee the effectiveness of programs.

Income tax: allow partial credit for State and local payments (see bill S. 2483), 17192.

State and local governments: establish system of general support grants to (see bill S. 2483), 17192.

Intergovernmental Revenue Act of 1969: introduction, 17192.

States: improve revenue to, 17192.

Text of S. 2483, Intergovernmental Revenue Act. 17193.

Analysis: S. 2483, Intergovernmental Revenue Act, 17196.

17192; June 25, 1969; Muskie makes introductory remarks on S.2483, the Intergovernmental Revenue Act, which he describes as a proposal recommended by the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, which he is introducing primarily for the purposes of discussion. The bill includes a revenue-sharing program, and a proposal for federal tax credits against state and local tax payments, to encourage states to modernize their income-tax laws. Muskie had some reservations about revenue sharing programs, but he introduced this bill as a mechanism for developing debate on a subject which many Senators favored.

Uniform Relocation Assistance and Land Acquisition Policies Act of 1969: bill (S. 1) to enact, 31533.

31533; October 27, 1969; Muskie leads the discussion with other Senators describing the purposes of S. 1, the Uniform Relocation Act, as the bill comes up for debate and passage, and is passed by voice vote.

Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1969: bill (S. 11) to enact, 31544.

State and local governments: Improve, 31544.

Personnel administration: strengthen State and local governments through Improved, 31544.

31544; October 27, 1969; Muskie leads other Senators in discussion as S. 11, the Intergovernmental Personnel Act is called up and passed on a voice vote.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, CIVIL LAW, CRIMINAL LAW

1969 1st Session, 91st Congress

Electoral college: challenge to the less vote in, 9.

State Electors Give Nixon 12, Wallace One, R. Clay, Raleigh (N.C.) Observer, 10.

State Elector To Back Wallace, Raleigh (N.C.) News-Observer, 10

Memorandum: support of an objection to counting the vote of a North Carolina elector, 11.

9, 10, 11; January 3, 1969; Muskie explains his challenge to the electoral vote of one of the Republican Presidential Electors. The 1968 presidential election was a three-way race, very narrowly won by the Nixon-Agnew ticket over the Humphrey-Muskie ticket. The third candidate, George C. Wallace, then Governor of Alabama, had announced his intention of using the 46 Electoral College votes he won as leverage in the event of a tied election, and one Elector from North Carolina had announced that he intended to cast his ballot for Wallace, even though he had been elected on the Nixon-Agnew slate. Muskie announced he would challenge the legality of that action when Congress met to count the electoral votes in early January.

Objection: electoral vote, 146.

146; January 6, 1969; In the House of Representatives, Senate Concurrent Resolution 1, calling for a counting of the electoral votes is called up, and the issue is whether the objections of Representative O’Hara (D-Michigan) and Senator Muskie to counting the electoral vote of a faithless elector shall be agreed to. The question put to the House is: The question is, shall the objection submitted by the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. O’Hara) and the Senator from Maine (Mr. Muskie) be agreed to. There is no Muskie text at this location.

Electoral Vote Challenge, Washington Post, 160.

160; January 6, 1969; In the House of Representatives, during debate on the Electoral College in the aftermath of the 1968 elections, the issue of the “faithless elector” is mentioned, along with a Washington Post story which mentions Muskie’s challenge to the Elector who has voted for George Wallace for President, although his election to the Electoral College is owed to Richard Nixon’s victory.

Bailey, Lloyd W. challenge to the electoral vote of, 9, 199, 200.

Text of objection to electoral vote of Lloyd W. Bailey, by Representative O'Hara and, 210.

Electoral vote: counting, 197-205, 207, 208, 210-214, 219, 220, 222, 244.

197-208; January 6, 1969; In a Senate session called to discuss the issue of the “faithless elector” Muskie describes the decisions made on the challenge because of the procedural limitations on the Senate’s debate in connection with the counting of the electoral votes. He outlines his own arguments, and is challenged by various other Senators. At the conclusion of this phase of the debate, the Senate adjourns to go to the House Chamber for the counting of the electoral votes, which constitutes the action to which Muskie has filed a resolution of objection.

210 - 214; January 6, 1969; Following the counting of the electoral votes, the Senate resumes debate on the challenge to the electoral vote cast by one North Carolina elector, who cast his vote for Governor George Wallace, although he ran as a candidate pledged to the Nixon-Agnew ticket. A discussion of the time limitations under which the debate will take place is followed by Muskie opening the debate.

219-222; January 6, 1969; During the debate, the Senate Minority Leader, Senator Dirksen (R- Illinois) expressed his intention of moving to table the resolution after time for debate had elapsed, and Muskie expressed the hope that he would not do so.

244; January 6, 1969; Muskie makes his final comment in the debate, and the Senate votes, rejecting his resolution on a vote of 33 to 58.

Electoral Challenge, New York Times, 686.

686 (685); January 14, 1969; In Extensions of Remarks, Representative William Ford (D-Michigan) inserts a copy of a New York Times editorial on the challenge to an elector’s ballot for the independent candidate, George Wallace, in the 1968 presidential election.

President and Vice President: direct popular election (see S.J. Res. 1), 771.

771; January 15, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Bayh (D-Indiana) resolution, S.J.Res. 1, proposing an amendment to the Constitution to provide for the direct popular election of the President and the Vice President of the United States.

Davis, Yvonne: for relief (see bill S. 757), 2137.

Lindner, Teresa: for relief (see bill S. 756), 2137.

Moore, Dorothy G.: for relief (see bill S. 1113), 4297.

Chan, Shut Choy: for relief (see bill S. 2589), 19022.

Chan, Yu: for relief (see bill S. 2587), 19022.

Fung, Yuen: for relief (see bill S. 2588). 19022.

Mok, Gun Wa: for relief (see bill S. 2586), 19022.

Ezeszotarski, Waclaw Janusz: for relief (see bill S. 3040), 30331.

Kasmala, Jerzy: for relief (see bill S. 3250), 39629.

2137; January 29, 1969; Notice only of Muskie introduction of two private bills, S.757 for the relief of Yvonne Davis, and S.756, for the relief of Teresa Lindner.

4297; February 25, 1969; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S. 1113, a private relief bill for Dorothy G. Moore.

19022; July 10, 1969; Notice only of the introduction of four Muskie private relief bills, for named individuals.

30331; October 16, 1969; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.3040, a private bill for the relief of Waclaw Ezeszotarski.

39629; December 17, 1969; Notice only of Muskie’s introduction of a private bill, S.3250, for the relief of Jerzy Kasmala.

Private bills are commonly used to deal with the idiosyncratic problems that can arise when conflicting requirements of the law affect an individual and the law provides no way to resolve the conflict, or such cases when compensation to a citizen from the government may be warranted but is not actually covered by any existing law. Most private bills arise from constituent casework, where the ability of a Senator’s caseworker staff runs up against limits in the law or lack of legal authority covering the particular circumstances of a given case.

Details of private bills are never published in the Congressional Record. The paperwork justifying a private bill is handled by the Committee of jurisdiction, usually the Judiciary Committee, which reviews the facts and law of the case and determines whether or not to report favorably on it. Private bills were more common in past years; the expansion of federal courts of adjudication and other arbitration mechanisms throughout government leaves fewer persons who have legitimate claims without redress. Additionally, past scandals in which individual Members of Congress were found to be selling their ability to introduce private bills have helped reduce the willingness of Members to introduce private bills.

Lindner, Teresa: adjudicate claim (see S. Res. 77), 2151.

2151; January 29, 1969; Muskie introduces S.Res.77, a resolution referring the paperwork on Teresa Lindner, for whom he had introduced a private bill, to the Chief Commissioner of the Court of Claims for a determination of the nature and extent of the claim of Teresa Lindner against the United States.

In this instance, a review of the private bill has discovered that the individual involved may have a claim under existing law, and Muskie makes the formal request that allows the Senate to transfer the paperwork explaining it to the Court of Claims for further action.

 

Federal employees: protect constitutional rights and prevent invasions of privacy (see bill S. 782), 2339.

2339; January 31, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of an Ervin (D-North Carolina) bill, S.782, to protect the civilian employees of the executive branch of the U.S. Government in the enjoyment of their constitutional rights and to prevent unwarranted governmental invasions of their privacy. This is a measure Muskie first cosponsored in 1966, when it was first introduced.

U.S. Election Procedures, Machinist, by, 4418.

4418; February 25, 1969; Senator Bayh (D-Indiana) inserts the text of a Muskie speech to the Machinists explaining the meaning of Congress’s refusal to challenge the electoral vote cast for George Wallace at the beginning of the session, along with other articles illustrating the extent of the debate at the time over the Electoral College and its reform.

District of Columbia: grant representation In Congress (see S.J. Res. 56), 4298.

4298; February 25, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of S.J.Res. 56, a Bayh (D-Indiana) resolution proposing a constitutional amendment to grant representation in the Congress to the District of Columbia.

Equal rights for men and women: amend Constitution relative to (see S.J. Res. 61),4831.

4831; February 28, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a McCarthy (D-Wisconsin) Joint Resolution, S.J.Res. 61, proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States providing for equal rights for men and women.

Women: prohibit discrimination against, 4900.

Anthony, Susan B., 4900.

4900; February 28, 1969; Senator McCarthy (D-Wisconsin) makes a brief statement about the many cosponsors he has gained on the Equal Rights Amendment, prints their names, and Muskie makes a very brief statement of support.

Electoral system: reform of, 5231.

Leader of the Opposition: An American Lucuna, D. Fromkin, Interplay, 5231.

5231; March 4, 1969; Muskie comments on hearings on the reform of the electoral system, and argues against the winner-take-all manner by which electoral votes are generally allocated. He inserts an article from Interplay Magazine discussing elements of electoral college reform.

Courts of the United States: Improvements in administration of (see bill S. 1506), 6216.

6216; March 12, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Tydings (D-Maryland) bill, S.1506, to improve the administration of the courts of the United States. This bill would create a Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure to deal with the problem of judges’ unfitness to serve, whether by reason of health or morals, and also included provisions dealing with retirement and senior status for federal judges and judges’ survivors benefits.

President: amend Constitution relative to House of Representatives choosing of (see S.J. Res. 18), 7203.

7203; March 24, 1969; Muskie’s name is added to a Yarborough (D-Texas) Joint Resolution, S. J. Res. 18, proposing a constitutional amendment that relates to the election of the President of the United States should his election become the prerogative of the House of Representatives.

Under the Constitution, if a presidential election is thrown into the House of Representatives, the representatives are required to vote by state. This resolution proposed to give each representative an individual vote in such a case.

Immigration Act Amendments of 1969: enact (see bill S. 1694), 7641.

7641; March 26, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of S.1694, a Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) bill entitled “Immigration Act Amendments of 1969.” This bill was aimed at the commuter problem, the “white card” holders and illegal immigrants. At this time, the Immigration and Nationalization Service operated a program under which Mexican or Canadian citizens could obtain a permanent immigration visa (a “green card”), entitling them to work legally in the U.S., and were permitted to commute across the international border and to continue to live in Mexico or Canada. A three-day pass was available to Mexican and Canadian visitors (the “white card”) who could then enter the country uncounted and uncontrolled. It was estimated that 1.2 million of such card holders did not leave when the three-day pass expired.

Right to vote: extend to 18-year-olds (see S.J. Res. 7), 7964.

7964; March 27, 1969; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to a Randolph (D-West Virginia) Joint Resolution, S. J. Res. 7, proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States extending the right to vote to citizens 18 years of age or older.

Del Toro, Teresina: for relief (see bill S. 1777), 8598.

8598; April 3, 1969; Notice of Muskie introducing, on behalf of Senators Pell (D-Rhode Island) and Pastore (R-Rhode Island) of a private relief bill for Teresina Del Toro. Because legislation must be introduced by a Senator, members are sometimes recorded as doing so “on behalf” of other Senators.

Resolution: Supreme Court prayer decision, South Parish Congregational Fellowship. 8645.

8645; April 3, 1969; Senator Smith (R-Maine), for herself and Muskie, inserts a resolution about the decisions of the Supreme Court on the question school prayer, passed by the congregation of a church in Augusta, Maine. The Resolution expresses support of the Court’s rulings.

President: direct election of, 9160.

9160; April 15, 1969; Senator Baker (R-Tennessee) joins Senator Bayh (D-Indiana) in supporting the constitutional reform of the electoral process and proposes three separate reforms: a 24-hour voting period, a same-day primary in each state, and direct popular election of the President and Vice President. Muskie congratulates him on his proposals, and says they are constructive and valuable additions to the effort to provide for the direct popular election of the President.

Omnibus Civil Rights Act of 1969: enact (see bill S. 2029), 10599.

10599; April 29, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Hart (D-Michigan) bill, S.2029, to provide improved judicial machinery for the selection of juries, to further promote equal employment opportunities of American workers, to authorize appropriations for the Civil Rights Commission, and to extend the Voting Rights Act of 1965 with respect to the discriminatory use of tests and devices.

Award: Anti-Defamation League Human Rights, B'nai Brith, to, 12440.

Spirit of Moderation, Anti-Defamation League, by, 12440.

Spirit of Moderation, Philadelphia Bulletin, 12441.

12440; May 13, 1969; In Extensions of Remarks, Congressman Eilberg (D-Pennsylvania) inserts the text of Muskie’s speech when he receives the Human Rights Award of the Anti-Defamation League. Muskie’s speech addresses itself to the need for white and black Americans to respect each other.

 

Presidential elections: enable citizens who change residence to vote in (see bill 2165),12532.

12532; May 14, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) bill, S.2165, to enable citizens of the United States who change their residence to vote in presidential elections. At this time, 15 states had a 1-year residency requirement for voters, 4 additional states had a 6-month residency requirement and one state (Mississippi) required two years’ resident before granting voting rights. The bill was designed to eliminate these lengthy requirements on a population where one-sixth of the workforce shifted residence each year.

Voting Rights Act of 1965: extend relative to use of tests and devices (see bill S. 2456),16526.

Civil Rights Commission: authorize appropriations for (see bill S. 2455), 16526.

Juries: improve judicial machinery for selection of (see bill S. 2454), 16526.

16526; June 19, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of three Hart (D-Michigan) bills, S.2454, to provide for improved judicial machinery for the selection of juries; S.2455, to authorize appropriations for the Civil Rights Commission; and S.2456, to extend the Voting Rights Act of 1965 with respect to the discriminatory use of tests and devices. These three bills are each a portion of the omnibus civil rights bill that Senator Hart introduced earlier in the year, which Muskie also cosponsored. When timing or other factors indicate that it is more feasible to pass one section of a bill than others, sponsors will sometimes re-introduce the components of a package as separate items.

Public education: permit Attorney General to institute certain actions for desegregation of (see bill S. 2375), 19271.

19271; July 11, 1969; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to a Case (R-New Jersey) bill, S.2375, to amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to authorize the Attorney General to initiate school desegregation suits based on his own finding that discrimination exists in a school district and eliminating the requirement that a complaint first be filed with him.

Voting rights: extend to 18-year-olds (see S.J, Res. 147), 23526.

23526; August 12, 1969; During his speech on the resolution to extend the right to vote to 18-year olds, Senator Randolph (D-West Virginia) lists all the Senators who cosponsor the enacting resolution, and Muskie is listed along with other cosponsors.

National Conference on Citizenship, by, 30560.

30560; October 20, 1969; To take notice of the annual convention of the National Conference on Citizenship, a congressionally chartered organization, Senator Hart (D-Michigan) inserts speeches given at the convention, including a speech by Muskie, who speaks on the widening division of the citizens from the government.

Haynsworth, Clement F.: nomination, 35368.

35368; November 21, 1969; During Senate consideration of the nomination of Clement Haynsworth to the Supreme Court, Muskie makes the argument that the nominee is insensitive to the appearance of conflicts of interest, to the school desegregation battle, and to the rights of workers to unionize.

Immigration and Nationality Act: revise (see bill S. 3202), 36964.

36964; December 4, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Kennedy (D- Massachusetts) bill, S.3202, to revise the Immigration and Nationality Act. This bill would have applied reforms to Western Hemisphere emigration similar to those in the 1965 law, which applied to countries of the Eastern Hemisphere, most significantly, eliminating the national origins quota system and substituting for it a preference system for the allocation of immigrant visas.

Black Panther Party: defuse situation between police and, 39648.

39648; December 17, 1969; Muskie makes a brief comment on the continued clashes between police and the Black Panthers, a group which engaged in both social and political activities, including violence from the mid-sixties forward. The Black Panther Party was formed in October 1966, and originally called the Black Panther Party for Self Defense, as a way to distinguish it from the predominantly non-violent civil rights movement, and almost immediately found itself clashing with police forces around the country. At the time, the Black Panthers were a polarizing influence on national life, an outcome which many of the members welcomed.

MISCELLANEOUS

1969 1^st Session, 91^st Congress

Johnson, Lyndon B.: tribute, 1216.

1216; January 17, 1969; Muskie joins in a tribute to Lyndon B. Johnson, praising his willingness to risk criticism of his programs and pointing out that the failure of Vietnam is one that the country shares.

Utah, U.S.S.: fly American flag over remains of (see bill S. 583), 1648.

1648; January 23, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of S.583, a Moss (D- Utah) bill to provide for the flying of the American flag over the remains of the United States ship Utah in honor of the heroic men who were entombed in her hull on December 7, 1941.

The U.S.S. Utah is one of two National Memorials at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

Carl Hayden Project: rename Central Arizona Project (see S.J. Res. 28). 1649.

1649; January 23, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Joint Resolution 28, offered by Goldwater (R-Arizona), to rename the Central Arizona Project as the Carl Hayden Project. Carl Hayden (D-Arizona) retired in 1968, and was then the longest-serving Senator, having first been elected to the Senate in 1926. The Central Arizona Project is a 336-mile conveyance system of pumping stations, pipelines, tunnels and aqueducts which diverts water from Lake Havasu on the Colorado River to several Arizona counties. It was authorized in 1968 and began delivering water in 1987.

Bartlett, E. L. "Bob": eulogy, 3928.

3928; February 19, 1969; Muskie joins other Senators in offering a eulogy on the death of Bob Bartlett, Senator from Alaska. Senator Bartlett served as Alaska’s Territorial Delegate from 1945 to 1948 when his efforts, along with others’, gained statehood for Alaska. He subsequently served as a Democratic Senator from Alaska from 1959 to his death in 1968.

 

Presidential Prayer Breakfast, by, 4487.

4487; February 25, 1969; The proceedings at the Presidential Prayer Breakfast are inserted in the Record by Senator Randolph (D-West Virginia) and included in these proceedings is a prayer for National Leaders by Muskie. Muskie asks for help in working together with others.

Eisenhower, Dwight D.: eulogy, 8089

8089; March 31, 1969; Muskie gives a brief eulogy on the death of the former President. Muskie’s service in the Senate included the final two years of Eisenhower’s second administration.

Martin Luther King Day: designate (see S.J. Res. 14), 8229

8229; April 1, 1969; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to a Brooke (R-Massachusetts) Joint Resolution, S. J. Res. 14, declaring January 15, the anniversary of the birthday of Martin Luther King, a day of commemoration.

Eisenhower, Dwight David: print eulogies on (see S. Con. Res. 16), 8607.

8607; April 3, 1969; On behalf of Senator Dirksen (R-Illinois), Muskie submits S. Con. Res. 16, a concurrent resolution authorizing the printing of the eulogies on President Eisenhower. Upon the deaths of former Presidents, Senators and, rarely, notable Americans, the Senate asks the Government Printing Office to collect the eulogies given about the individual into a book. All actions taken by the Senate as a body require a formal Senate action, such as a resolution. In this case, Muskie is standing in for Senator Dirksen, the Senate Minority Leader, who would normally offer the resolution on behalf of a Republican President.

King, Martin L.: anniversary of death of, 8618.

8618; April 3, 1969; Muskie makes a brief statement on the anniversary of the murder of Martin Luther King, noting that much remains to be done one year after his death to fulfil his dreams. At this time, Martin Luther King’s birthday was not a federal holiday although proposals to make it one had the support of many, including Muskie.

Death of Hughes Spalding, Senator Talmadge, 8650.

8650; April 3, 1969; On behalf of Senator Talmadge (D-Georgia), Muskie inserts a brief Talmadge statement and some news stories about the death of a prominent Georgia citizen called Hughes Spalding. At this time in the Senate, it was necessary for a Senator actually present to request unanimous consent for the statement of another Senator to be reproduced in the Congressional Record. Later this was done with the signature of the Senator involved.

Tribute to Earl Warren, by, 17987.

17987; July 1, 1969; Muskie joins his colleagues in paying tribute to Chief Justice Earl Warren on his retirement. Justice Warren was appointed to the Court by President Eisenhower, and presided over a period of rapid expansion of civil rights for minorities and constitutional rights for persons accused in criminal proceedings. His leadership of the Court was contentious in his own time, and continues to be criticized today.

Percival Baxter Dies (sundry), 18439-18441.

Baxter, Percival P.: eulogy, 18439.

18439; July 7, 1969; Muskie pays tribute to the late Governor Baxter of Maine and reproduces assorted Maine newspaper editorials describing his life and career.

Libby, Winthrop C., 21137.

Libby Is Appointed President, B. Caldwell, Maine Alumnus, 21137.

21137; July 29, 1969; Muskie speaks about the impact of the times on university administrators in connection with the newly appointed President of the University of Maine at Orono, Winthrop C. Libby, and inserts an article about him by Bill Caldwell, in the Sunday Maine Telegram.

Degree awarded: honorarium, 24498.

24498; September 4, 1969; In Extensions of Remarks, Representative James O’Hara (D- Michigan) speaks about the honorary degrees awarded by the University of Notre Dame, and lists the honorees, which includes Muskie’s name as the recipient of a honorary Doctor of law.

Issuance of Dartmouth College Case Commemorative Stamps, Senator McIntyre, 27883.

27883; October 1, 1969; Muskie inserts a McIntyre (D-New Hampshire) speech at Dartmouth College on the communications gap between Americans with more and lesser levels of education. The occasion of his speech was the issuance of a commemorative stamp honoring the college.

Dirksen, Everett M.: eulogy, 32140.

32140; October 19, 1969; Muskie joins his colleagues in offering a eulogy on the death of the Minority Leader, Senator Everett M. Dirksen of Illinois. Dirksen served in the Senate from 1951 until his death of lung cancer in September, 1969. The Dirksen Senate Office Building was named for him several years after his death.

 

Veterans Day, 33660.

33660; November 11, 1969; Muskie makes a brief statement on Veterans Day, expressing views then current about the nation’s relationship to its veterans. The national divisions caused by the Vietnam War created an atmosphere in which traditional American support for those serving the nation overseas became freighted with so much ambivalence about the war itself and the political uses to which some leaders tried to put it that straightforward embrace of a customary occasion like Veterans’ Day became difficult.

MacNaughton, Alan (Senator, Canadian Parliament): visit, 37476.

37476; December 6, 1969; Muskie makes a brief announcement that a Senator from the Canadian Parliament is visiting the Senate Chamber, a courtesy the Senate extends to representatives of foreign governments. It is customary on such occasions for the Senator who is acting as host to the visitor to introduce him or her to the Senate. The Senate then normally calls for a quorum, which has the effect of allowing Senators the opportunity to greet the visitor while all Senate business is temporarily suspended. In this case, Muskie was meeting with his Canadian counterpart in connection with the Campobello Park Commission, on which he served.

Presentation of AAHA Award to Senator Moss, W. T. Eggers, 39113.

39113; December 15, 1969; Muskie notes that the American Association of Homes for the Aged has honored Senator Moss (D-Utah) with an award for his work on behalf of the elderly, and inserts the citation from the Association, describing the nature of the award.

POLITICS, CAMPAIGN REFORM

1969 91st Congress, 1st Session

Much Admired Man, Roscoe Drummond, Christian Science Monitor, 386.

386; January 6, 1969; In Extensions of Remarks, Representative Kyros (D-Maine) inserts a story from the Christian Science Monitor by Roscoe Drummond, which describes Muskie as a healing force in the nation.

Can a Poor Man Get To Be President? Stewart Alsop, Newsweek magazine, 5995.

Tribute in House, 5995.

5995; March 11, 1969; Congressman Kyros (D-Maine) inserts a Stewart Alsop article about Muskie, which describes Muskie as one of the two undisputed front-runners for the 1972 presidential race, and the problems he will face in raising enough money to stay in the race.

Fulbright, J. William: tribute, 8631.

8631; April 3, 1969; After Senator Fulbright (D-Arkansas) gives a rather sardonic speech about the kind of criticism – “responsible” – which is the only kind that the Administration says should be permitted on matters of policy, Muskie comments that it appears quite clear Fulbright is not going to take the advice of those urging responsible criticism. Senator Fulbright was the Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and a frequent target of Republicans and the Nixon Administration for his opposition to the war in Vietnam.

Party Honoring Government and Mrs. Hearnes, by, 23004.

23004; August 8, 1969; Senator Symington (D-Missouri) inserts the text of a Muskie speech given in Missouri where Muskie talks about the way the moon landing and the space missions have also changed people’s expectations of their political leaders.

Democratic Vistas, Women's National Democratic Club, H. McPherson, 34526.

34526; November 18, 1969; Muskie inserts the text of a speech by Harry McPherson to the Women’s National Democratic Club, in which he discusses the questions animating American political life at the time.

SENATE RULES, PROCEDURES, ASSIGNMENTS, HOUSEKEEPING

1969 91st Congress, 1st Session

Senate: amend rule XXII (cloture) (see S. Res. 11), 419.

419; January 10, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of S. Res.11, an effort to reform the cloture rule by reducing the number of votes needed to end a filibuster from two-thirds of Senators present and voting to three-fifths of Senators elected and sworn.

The Senate rule of “unlimited debate” has undergone modifications since the beginning of the body’s history. At this time, the rule was that two-thirds of Senators present and voting were required to vote affirmatively to end debate in order to bring a filibuster to a close. Efforts were made repeatedly to reduce the two-thirds voting requirement so that the Senate could not be tied up and prevented from acting by the votes of just one-third-plus-one of those present. These reform efforts were strongly and successfully resisted until 1975.

Senate: resolution (S. Res. 11) to amend rule XXII (cloture), 421.

421; January 10, 1969; In debate on S. Res. 11, the resolution to amend the cloture rule by reducing the votes needed to break filibusters from two-thirds of those voting to three-fifths, Muskie briefly compliments Senator Church (D-Idaho) on his effort and expresses his support for the effort.

The argument Senator Church made was that at the beginning of a new Congress, there was a “new” Senate which was entitled to establish rules for itself. The opponents of this argument always countered that a debate on rules changes must proceed under the existing rules – which assured them a victory.

Elected to committee, 591.

591; January 14, 1969; Senator Mansfield (D-Montana) announces committee memberships, including Muskie’s. Membership on Senate Committees is determined every two years, at the beginning of a new session of Congress. Senator Mansfield, as the Majority Leader of the Senate, announces the memberships of Democratic Senators, and the Minority Leader does the same for Republican Senators.

Motion for cloture: consideration of S. Res. 11 to amend Senate rule XXII (cloture), 592.

592; January 14, 1969; Muskie’s name is listed on the cloture petition filed at this time on S. Res.11, the resolution seeking to reform the cloture vote rules.

Cloture is the term used to describe the process by which a filibuster can be ended in the Senate. At this time, the requirement was that a cloture petition, signed by no fewer than 16 Senators, be presented to the Senate, by being formally presented to the desk where Senate business is filed, and that a cloture vote, a vote on the petition, be held no sooner than 48 hours thereafter. A successful cloture vote in 1969 required the affirmative votes of two-thirds of the Senators in the Chamber at the time, a high hurdle to overcome. Signing a cloture petition was a way for a Senator to indicate stronger-than-average support for a position in favor of or against the pending legislation. It is one of the enduring ironies of the Senate that proposals to change the rules surrounding the filibuster can themselves be filibustered under the existing rules. This is what makes change in the Senate a slow and arduous process.

Committee To Investigate Crime (Joint): create (see S.J. Res. 5), 771.

771; January 15, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Moss (D-Utah) resolution, S. J. Res. 5, to create a joint Committee to Investigate Crime. Senator Moss was the author of the Law Enforcement Assistance Act of 1965, which for the first time provided direct federal aid to state and local law enforcement agencies, and believed that a Joint Committee would be a helpful tool to examine the increase in rates of crime and victimization that were occurring in the 1960s.

Cloture petition, 1802.

1802; January 24, 1969; Muskie is one of the Senators listed as having signed the cloture petition on S. Res.11, the resolution to amend the cloture process in the Senate rules. This was the second effort to end debate on the proposal to change the rules governing filibusters.

Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs (Select) : authorize funding of (see S. Res. 68), 1964

1964; January 28, 1969; During the introduction of a resolution, S. Res. 68, to authorize funding for the Select Committee on Nutrition, Senator McGovern (D-South Dakota) lists the cosponsors of the resolution that established the committee, which includes Muskie’s name.

Committee on Mexican-American Affairs: establish (see bill S. 740), 2603.

2603; February 4, 1969; Senator Montoya (D-New Mexico) requests that at the next printing of S.740, a bill to establish an Interagency Committee on Mexican-American affairs, Muskie be added as a cosponsor.

Memorials of legislature: Maine, 3609, 16715, 17191.

3609; February 18, 1969; Senator Smith (R-Maine), on behalf of herself and Muskie, offers a resolution of the Maine legislature in favor of establishing special purpose foreign trade zones at Portland and Machiasport in Maine.

16715; June 20, 1969; Senator Smith (R-Maine), for herself and Muskie, lays before the Senate a joint resolution of the Legislature of the State of Maine memorializing the Honorable Maurice H. Stans, Secretary of Commerce, the Honorable George P. Shultz, Secretary of Labor and the Maine Congressional Delegation that they use every possible means to promptly curtail the importation of foreign footwear and provide adequate safeguards to the domestic footwear industry.

17191; June 25, 1969; Senator Smith (R-Maine), for herself and Muskie, lays before the Senate a joint resolution of the Legislature of the State of Maine memorializing Congress to revise the present system of administering federal grants.

Nominations: consideration of certain, 8595.

8595; April 3, 1969; Muskie acts as floor manager to clear assorted minor nominations before a Senate recess. This is a housekeeping chore delegated to Senators by the Majority Leader when necessary.

Congressional Employee Support, Congressional Secretaries Dinner, by, 9773.

9773; April 21, 1969; Representative James B. Utt, (R-California), inserts the text of a Muskie statement at a ceremony where he is honored as being chosen Man of the Year by the Congressional Secretaries Club.

Members of Congress and officials of executive branch: amend bill (S. 1993) to require financial statements from, 13909, 14026.

Members of Congress and officials of executive branch: require financial statements from (see bill S. 1993), 13909, 18242,

13909; May 27, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of the Case (R-New Jersey) amendment proposed to S.1993, a bill to require financial disclosure by Members of Congress and certain Executive Branch officials. The amendment would extend the requirement to members of the Judiciary.

14026; May 27, 1969; Notice only of the proposed introduction of the Case (R-New Jersey) amendment on judicial financial disclosure.

18242; July 2, 1969; When a reprint of S.1993, requiring financial disclosure by Members of Congress and officials in the Executive Branch, is ordered, the cosponsors who have been added to it are listed, and Muskie’s is one of the names on this list.

Appointed conferee, 19876, 29100, 29898, 32870, 33886, 39205

19876; July 17, 1969; Muskie is appointed a conferee on S.1072, the Appalachian Regional Development Act.

29100; October 8, 1969; Muskie is appointed a conferee on H.R.4148, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act amendments.

29898; October 14, 1969; Muskie is appointed a conferee on a one-year extension of the Clean Air Act, S.2276.

32870; November 4, 1969; Muskie is appointed a conferee on the Export Expansion and Regulation Act of 1969.

33886; November 12, 1969; Muskie is appointed a conferee on the Housing and Urban Development Act, S.2864.

39205; December 15, 1969; Muskie is appointed a conferee on the Export Administration Act, H.R.4293.

Because both Houses of Congress must agree on all elements of a bill before it can be placed before the President to be signed into law, temporary committees of conference are created to meet and iron out differences in the two versions of the bill as passed by each House. Service on a conference committee can be extremely significant to the final shape that a law takes. As chairman of the subcommittees that reported some of the these bills, Muskie was automatically involved in working out the final details.

Conflict of interest: eliminate in Government procurement (see bill S. 2691), 20702.

20702; July 24, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of S.2691, a Proxmire (D-Wisconsin) bill to strengthen provisions of law which disqualified former federal officers and employees from dealing with matters connected with their former duties and official responsibilities. The bill would have required a 2-year period to elapse before any government official could accept a job with any contractors where the official had been involved in awarding, granting or administering a contract. Primarily aimed at military officers who subsequently accepted executive positions with defense contractors, this bill would have created one of the earliest conflict-of-interest laws.

Congressional candidates : provide certain opportunities to purchase broadcast time from television stations (see bill S.2876), 25004.

25004; September 10, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of numerous original cosponsors of a Pearson (R-Kansas)- Hart (D-Michigan) bill, S.2876, to amend the Communications Act of 1934 to provide candidates for Congressional offices with certain opportunities to purchase broadcast time from television broadcasting stations. The principal goal of this proposal was to permit the purchase of political advertising time at the lowest rate, and to create a tax incentive for smaller contributors to political campaigns. This was a bipartisan effort to achieve one element of campaign finance reform.

Tribute in Senate, 26187, 31267

26187; September 18, 1969; After Muskie speaks on the passage of the military authorization bill, Senator Hart (D-Michigan) commends him for his remarks.

31267; October 23, 1969; After the passage of the Export Expansion Act on the prior day, Senator Mansfield (D-Montana) offers thanks to Muskie and Mondale for jointly managing the bill on the floor.

BUDGET, TAXES, FISCAL POLICY

1969 1st Session, 91st Congress

Income tax: limit deduction attributable to farming (see bill S. 500), 1382.

1382; January 22, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Metcalf (D-Montana) bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 so as to limit the amount of deductions attributable to the business of farming which may be used to offset non-farm income.

Income tax: amortization of cost of air and water pollution abatement equipment (see bill S. 1795), 8775.

8775; April 14, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Ribicoff (D-Connecticut) bill, S.1795, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1950 to encourage the abatement of water and air pollution by permitting the amortization for income tax purposes of the cost of abatement works over a period of 36 months.

Excess War Profits Tax Act of 1969: enact (see bill S. 2277), 13996.

13996; May 27, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a McGovern (D-South Dakota) bill, S.2277, to impose an excess profits tax on the income of corporations during the present emergency (the Vietnam war). McGovern noted that in all wars during the 20^th century, the federal government imposed a temporary excess profits tax on corporate income for the duration and proposes to do the same with respect to the Vietnam war, to replace the 10% personal income tax surcharge which was enacted in 1968 and which the Nixon Administration asked the Congress to continue in force.

 

Federal Broker-Dealer Insurance Corporation: establish (see bill S. 2348), 15155.

Investors: protection, 15165.

Federal Broker-Dealer Insurance Corporation Act: Introduction, 15165.

Text of S. 2348, Federal Broker-Dealer Insurance Corporation Act, 15166.

15155; June 9, 1969; Notice only of Muskie’s introduction of S.2348, a bill to establish a Federal Broker-Dealer Insurance corporation.

15165; June 9, 1969; Muskie makes introductory remarks on his bill, S.2348, which would set up a form of insurance against investor losses due to the collapse of broker-dealerships through which investments are made. At this time, stock market brokers and dealers were experiencing a substantial increase in public investors but without the computer technology which helps manage the process today. Back-office failures to execute sales orders were a common concern, and the modest efforts of the New York Stock Exchange to provide some backing for its member dealers did not reach many others who were non-members.

Appropriations: bill (H.R, 11400) making second supplemental, 16447-16449.

16447-16449; Muskie calls up his amendment to the Second Supplemental appropriations bill, H.R.11400, which incorporates a budgetary calculating and reporting requirement on the Bureau of the Budget and it is accepted. At this time, there was no formal budget process in use by the Congress, and as a result, appropriations were voted upon without any individual Senator knowing whether a particular program’s cost would raise spending overall or not. Because inflation in the economy at this time was beginning to become severe, President Nixon proposed an overall budget ceiling and this debate mirrors the kinds of confusions that arose as Congress tried to apply the concept in practice. A budget process was finally developed in the mid-1970s, with Muskie’s active involvement, and he became the first Chairman of the newly created Budget Committee.

Income tax: extension of surtax, 19367, 19368.

19367, 19368; July 14, 1969; During discussion by Senator Long (D-Louisiana) of the procedure to be adopted on the revenue bill (a tax surcharge for the Vietnam War was a significant issue in this year), Muskie asked Long to clarify whether the Finance Committee intended to develop a tax reform proposal, as the Policy Committee had requested, or merely ad-hoc tax amendments to the surcharge. News stories over the preceding weekend had that impression.

Income tax: amend bill (H.R. 12290) to extend surcharge, 20069.

Excise tax: amend bill (H.R. 12290) to continue on automobiles and communications services, 20069.

20069; July 18, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of McGovern (D-South Dakota) amendment No. 91, to H.R.12290, which extends the Vietnam war surcharge on automobiles and telephone services. President Nixon had requested that the income tax surcharge be extended, and this proposal sought to maintain a similar federal tax on phone services and autos. The “phone tax” became a favorite whipping boy of the anti-war movement, which created the myth that the war was financed by it and that ending the tax would help end the war. McGovern proposed to impose a corporate excess profits tax in place of the income tax surcharge.

  

Income tax: same exemption for servicemen in and around Korea as for those in Vietnam (see bill S. 2689), 20701.

20701; July 24, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of S.2689, an Inouye (D-Hawaii) bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to provide the same tax exemption for servicemen serving in and around Korea as was provided for those serving in Vietnam.

Income tax laws: amend bill (H.R. 13270) to reform, 36315.

36315; [This notice is actually on page 36316]; December 2, 1969; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of a Yarborough (D-Texas) amendment number 333 to the tax bill, H.R.13270, which seeks to eliminate the stepped-up basis for property inherited at death. Inherited property is valued at its value at death, not at the time of acquisition. If it is subsequently sold, the profit on which capital gains taxes are due, is therefore small or non-existent.

Tax Reform Act of 1969: bill (H.R. 13270) to enact, 36662, 36670, 37031, 37885, 37886, 37888, 38258, 38259, 38287, 38389.

Tax Reform Act of 1969: personal exemption, 36662, 36670.

Tax Reform Act of 1969: oil depletion allowance on foreign oil, 37031.

Letter: amortization for air and water pollution control facilities investment, Senator Long, by, 37886.

36662; December 3, 1969; During debate the tax bill, H.R. 13270, when competing proposals to increase the personal exemption are discussed, Muskie, speaking in opposition to the Percy (R-Illinois) amendment, makes the point that the inflationary effect of one proposal should be considered in light of the fact that inflation may not be under control by 1971.

36670; December 3, 1969; During the lengthy discussion of personal exemption limits in the tax bill debate, Senator Miller (R-Iowa) proposes tax credits in lieu of deductions on the grounds that a tax credit provides exactly the same benefit for all taxpayers, whereas a deduction unfairly benefits those in higher tax brackets more than those in lower brackets. Muskie briefly asks Miller if his proposed child tax credit would be the same amount regardless of how many children were in a family, and is told it applies to each child.

37031; December 4, 1969; Muskie briefly discusses the irrationality of the foreign oil depletion allowance alongside the oil import limits during debate on an amendment by McIntyre (D-New Hampshire) seeking to eliminate the foreign depletion allowance. The oil depletion allowance was a 1926 tax benefit to compensate for the fact that oil is a non-replaceable resource and to encourage exploration for oil. It allowed 27.5% of income from an oil well to be deducted from taxable income. Its application to overseas oil production was strongly and frequently criticized but without much effect at this time.

Text of Muskie remarks: “As the Senator knows, I submitted an amendment to the same effect to the Finance Committee for its consideration, not only because of the irrationality which the Senator from New Hampshire has identified but also for another reason. It is said that the foreign depletion allowance is justified on national security grounds, the reason being that we need it in order to explore new sources of oil overseas; but, at the same time, we impose limitations upon the importation of this oil and policy is based upon the same argument – national security. I do not see how we can, at one and the same time, in the name of national security, explore and develop oil overseas and then prevent its importation into this country. It is for that irrational fact that I support the distinguished Senator from New Hampshire.”

37885; December 9, 1969; Muskie and others join in supporting that portion of the Committee’s tax bill which includes amortization of air and water pollution control facilities, and speak against a Gore (D-Tennessee) amendment to strike it from the bill.

38258; December 10, 1969; Muskie joins in the debate over an amendment to the tax bill which would have given the President authority to increase tariffs on products from countries which discriminate against American goods.

38289; December 10, 1969; After a lengthy debate on the oil depletion allowance, a close vote on its repeal leads to a failed vote on the motion to reconsider. In the Senate, every vote is immediately subject to a motion to reconsider the vote, and once that motion to reconsider has been tabled, the Senate is free to move on to other business. But when a majority of the Senate votes in favor of a motion to reconsider, that produces a parliamentary situation in which the vote can be held again. In this instance, the Senate rejected an amendment to repeal the oil depletion allowance on a vote of 44-47. The Senate then refused to table the motion to reconsider by a vote of 46-48. The Senate then immediately voted on the motion to reconsider the vote, and approved it on a vote of 47-45. Following that vote, the Senate engaged in parliamentary discussion and the presiding officer ruled that no further amendments were in order. During the parliamentary discussion, Muskie asked for a vote on the ruling of the chair. The Senate can overturn a parliamentary ruling by a majority vote. In this case the vote was 57-38 to uphold the ruling of the chair. The Senate is generally reluctant to overturn a parliamentary ruling.

38389; December 11, 1969; At the conclusion of the tax reform debate, Muskie joins others in complimenting Senator Mansfield (D-Montana) for his efforts in keeping a tax reform package on track.

Congress: separate session each year for consideration of appropriation bills (see bill S. 3113), 41049.

Fiscal year: establish calendar year as (see bill S. 3113), 41049.

41049; December 23, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of many cosponsors of a Magnuson bill, S.3113, to provide for a separate session of the Congress each year for the consideration of appropriations bills, and to establish the calendar year as the Fiscal Year for the government. This is another in the continued efforts by various Senators to find ways to improve the piecemeal process by which spending bills were considered and acted upon at this time. At this time, the governmental Fiscal Year ran from July 1 to June 30 each year, and it was often the case that the Fiscal Year had begun and Congress had not yet agreed upon the budget for an agency.

TRADE, EXPORT SUBSIDIES, TARIFFS

1969 1st Session 91st Congress

Motion picture films: free importation of certain (see bill S. 755), 2137.

2137; January 29, 1969; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.755, a bill to amend the Tariff Schedules of the United States to provide for the temporary free importation of certain motion picture films.

Agricultural commodities: orderly marketing by producers (see bill S. 812), 2340.

2340; January 31, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Mondale (D-Minnesota) bill, S.812, to provide for the orderly marketing of agricultural commodities by the producers thereof. The bill would have created bargaining committees for different commodities through which farmers could negotiate prices with food processors, exporters and other commodity purchasers.

2340; January 31, 1969; [This item is not reflected in the Congressional Record Index at all. This appears to be an error; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor.] Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Mondale (D-Minnesota) bill, S. 811, instructing that the farm income support component of the Agriculture Department be separated out from other Agriculture Department spending programs. This was an attempt to counter the claims that farmers were being unfairly subsidized by the government. Mondale called his bill the Fair Farm Budget Act.

Imported articles: orderly marketing of (see bill S, 1462), 5684

Orderly Marketing Act of 1969: introduction, 5690.

Text of S. 1462, Orderly Marketing Act of 1969, 5691.

Analysis: Orderly Marketing Act of 1969, 5691.

5684; March 10, 1969; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.1462, a bill to provide for the orderly marketing of articles imported into the United States, to establish a flexible basis for the adjustment by the U.S. economy to expanded trade and to afford foreign supplying nations a fair share of the growth or change in the U.S. market.

5690; March 10, 1969; Muskie makes an introductory statement on S. 1462, the Orderly Marketing Act, which he sees as giving domestic industry a respite and foreign producers an incentive not to flood sectors of the U.S. market with cheap goods.

Fish and wildlife: prevent imports of endangered species (see bill S. 335), 6415.

6415; March 13, 1969; Muskie’s name is added as a cosponsor to S.335, a Yarborough (D-Texas) bill to prevent the importation of endangered species or parts thereof into the United States and to prohibit the interstate shipment of any domestic species taken contrary to State law.

Exports: continue authority for expansion and regulations of (see bills S. 1940, S.2696), 9831, 20702.

East-West trade: update regulations, 9860.

Export Expansion and Regulation 1969: introduction, 9860.

Foreign trade: regulations, 9860.

9831; April 22, 1969; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.1940, the Export Expansion Act of 1969, intended to replace the expiring 1949 measure which strictly limited all exports to Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union.

9860; April 22, 1969; Muskie makes an introductory statement on S.1940, the Export Expansion Act, and explains that trade policies which sought to deny the Soviet Union the benefits of U.S. technology twenty years earlier are now serving to bar U.S. companies from a market to which our allies trade regularly.

20702; July 24, 1969; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.2696, a bill to provide for continuation of authority for the regulation and expansion of exports. This was an original bill reported from the Banking and Currency Committee, resulting from the Committee’s mark-up of the export authority. It is introduced with a report, No. 91-336, containing minority and supplemental views.

East-West Trade Relations Act of 1969: enact (see bill S. 2283), 13996.

13996; May 27, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Magnuson (D-Washington) bill, S.2283, to promote the foreign policy and security of the United States by providing authority to negotiate commercial agreements with Communist countries.

Export Control Act of 1949: temporary extension of authority conferred by (see S.J. Res. 122), 15526.

15526; June 12, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor on a Brooke (R-Massachusetts) Resolution, S. J. Res. 122, to provide for a temporary extension of the authority conferred by the Export Control Act of 1949. Muskie had introduced alternative legislation, but the 1949 act was due to expire on June 30, and more time was needed to bring the new bill to the floor.

Committee on Banking and Currency, 17191.

17191; June 25, 1969; Muskie reports from the Banking Committee S. J. Res. 122, a joint resolution to provide for a temporary extension of the authority conferred by the Export Control Act of 1949, Rept. 91-275.

Problem of Foreign Imports, by, 17771.

17771; June 30, 1969; During a colloquy of Senators from southern states concerned with textile imports and Senators from northern states concerned about footwear imports, a statement by Muskie was inserted in the text in his absence.

Export Expansion and Regulation 1969: print supplemental views on, 20711

20711; July 24, 1969; Muskie reports S.2696, an original bill from the Banking and Currency Committee, asks unanimous consent that the report be printed, along with the minority views of Senators, Bennett (R-Utah) and Tower (R-Texas) and the supplemental views of Mondale (D-Minnesota), Hughes (D-Iowa) and Percy (R-Illinois) and the individual views of Goodell (R-New York). When a bill is reported from a Committee without unanimity, Senators strongly opposed can choose to file minority (opposing) views, and those who wish may also file supplemental views, emphasizing points they think important.

Export Control Act of 1949: resolution (H.J. Res. 864) to provide temporary extension for, 22887.

22887; August 7, 1969; Muskie calls up a House Joint Resolution 864, which provides for a temporary extension to October 31, 1969, of the authority conferred by the Export Control Act of 1949, which formally expired on June 30. Muskie explains this is a further 60-day extension of the authorities under that law. The Resolution is agreed to by voice vote.

Export Expansion and Regulation 1969: bill (S. 2696; H.R. 4293) to enact, 31004-31008.

Problem of Extraterritoriality in Foreign Trade, Secretary Ball, 31007.

31004-31008; October 22, 1969; During debate on S.2696, the Export Expansion and Regulation Act of 1969, Muskie, as Chairman of the Banking Committee’s Subcommittee on International Finance, explains that an export policy which limits 1300 items, of which 1100 are readily available elsewhere does not serve the national interest. This debate occurred at the point where competing trade from western Europe and Japan was reducing the importance of American trade relative to the world.

Export Administration Act of 1969 (H.R. 4293) to enact, 39205, 41136-41138.

39205; December 15, 1969; Muskie is appointed a conferee on the Export Administration Act, H.R.4293.

41136-41138; December 23, 1969; Muskie calls up conference report on the Export Administration Act of 1969, H.R. 4293, describes the form of the bill as reported by the conferees, and engages in a colloquy with Senator Bennet (R-Utah) to clarify those elements of the bill which the Administration opposed. The conference report is adopted and a final form of the bill is passed.

HOUSING, URBAN RENEWAL, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

1969 1st Session, 91st Congress

Romney George W.: nomination to Secretary of Department of Housing and Urban Development, 418.

Committee on Banking and Currency: notice of hearing, 418, 8617, 13692.

418; January 10, 1969; Acting for the Chairman of Banking and Housing Committee, Senator Sparkman (D-Alabama) Muskie announces a hearing on January 16 on the nomination of Governor George Romney of Michigan to be Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

8617; April 3, 1969; Muskie announces that the Subcommittee on International Finance, of the Banking and Currency Committee, will hold hearings on S.813, a bill to extend the Export Control Act in April and May.

13692; April 26, 1969; Muskie announces that the Subcommittee on International Finance will conclude hearings on S.813, and S.1940, bills pertaining to export control legislation.

Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, by, 11501.

11501; May 6, 1969; In the House of Representatives, Congressman Hanley (D-New York) inserts the text of a Muskie speech about the nation’s youth and its urban problems, given at the Maxwell School at Syracuse University.

Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968: amend section 3 (see bill S. 2610), 24779.

24779; September 9, 1969; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to S.2610, a Bayh (D-Indiana) bill to amend section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968. This section of the housing laws provided that persons or companies located in the area of public housing construction be given expanded opportunities to participate in the building work. The bill would have widened this language to apply also to urban redevelopment projects, public and community facilities, and new communities.

Housing and Urban Development Amendments of 1969: amend bill (S. 2864) to enact, 26709, 26710.

26709, 26710; September 23, 1969; During debate on S.2864, a bill to amend the Housing and Urban Development Act, Senator Sparkman (D-Alabama), offers an amendment on behalf of Muskie, who is not present, to clarify that the use of private consultants under the planning provisions of the bill is a voluntary choice on the part of local planning bodies, not a requirement, but withdraws it at the request of Senator Tower(R-Texas). Later in the debate, after the Administration’s views on the amendment have been obtained, Senator Tower withdraws his objection and the amendment is accepted. This debate excerpt illustrates how Senate business is often interrupted and resumed.

Independent Offices and Department of Housing and Urban Development: amend bill (H.R. 12307) making appropriations for, 33512, 33585, 33637, 33700.

33512; November 7, 1969; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of a Hart (D-Michigan) amendment number 270 to H.R. 12307, the HUD and independent agencies’ bill to increase the funding available for urban renewal projects around the country.

33585; November 10, 1969; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of a Javits (R-New York) amendment 273 to H.R.12307, the HUD and independent agencies bill.

33637; November 10, 1969; During debate on H.R.12307, the HUD appropriations bill, when Senator Hart (D-Michigan) calls up his amendment for debate, he lists the cosponsors, who include Muskie.

33700; November 11, 1969; During debate on H.R. 12307, the HUD appropriations bill, Senator Javits (R-New York) calls up his amendment, and lists the cosponsors, who include Muskie.

Independent offices and Department of Housing and Urban Development: (H.R. 12307) making appropriations for, 33641, 33642, 33644, 33645.

Urban renewal programs: funds, 33641, 33642, 33644, 33645.

Letter: funds for urban renewal program (sundry), 33644.

33641-33645; November 10, 1969; Muskie engages in debate on H.R.12307, the HUD appropriations bill, on the Hart amendment to increase available funds for urban renewal, describing how the budgetary effect of housing funds spends out over a longer period of time than one fiscal year.

Can Anyone Run a City? G. Tyler, Saturday Review, 34534.

34534; November 18, 1969; Muskie joins Senator Mondale (D-Minnesota) in recommending an article by Gus Tyler of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union, about urban density and the difficulties of governing cities, which is very typical of its time.

Urban public transportation programs: long-term financing for expanded (see bill S. 3154), 34797.

34797; November 19, 1969; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Williams (D-New Jersey) bill, S.3154, to provide long-term financing for expanded urban public transportation programs.

 

Balanced Urbanization Policy and Planning Act: introduction, 38198, 38199.

Urban development, 38198, 38199.

Balanced Urbanization Policy and Planning Act: enact (see bill S. 3228), 38198.

Text of S, 3228, Balanced Urbanization Policy and Planning Act, 38199.

Analysis: S. 3228, Balanced Urbanization Policy and Planning Act, 38208.

38198; December 10, 1969; Muskie introduces S.3228, the Balanced Urbanization Policy and Planning Act, which he explains is being introduced for discussion purposes, and to develop the goal of eliminating duplicated requirements in various federal planning programs, and providing a more streamlined set of guidelines for urban development efforts.