ECONOMY, COMMERCE, AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES
1966 2nd Session, 89th Congress
Railroad mergers and reorganizations: liberalize carryover of net operating losses in (see bill S. 2786), 1625.
1625; February 1, 1966; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of S.2786; a Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) bill relating to the tax treatment of carryover of net operating losses of certain railroad corporations. At this time, the national railroads were consolidating into fewer, larger carriers, and the smaller railroad companies, which served commuters in the Northeast and smaller markets like Maine and most of which were operating at a loss, were in danger of being left out of the merger process because tax law limited the extent to which a merged company could deduct the operating losses and debts of the smaller lines. This bill was an attempt to make acquisition of smaller railroad companies more attractive to the emerging large carriers.
Jet Age, Manchester, N.H., Chamber of Commerce, R. T. Murphy, 11247.
New England: aviation advances in, 11247.
Aviation: jet age coming to New England, 11247.
11247; May 24, 1966; Muskie speaks briefly about the shortcomings of scheduled commercial flights to northeastern cities and inserts a text of a speech by Robert T. Murphy, Vice Chairman of the Civil Aeronautics Board to the Manchester, N.H. Chamber of Commerce. Throughout this period, when the CAB regulated air service, Muskie felt that New England was being short-changed by the carriers and the agency, and often engaged in colloquies with other New England Senators on the subject.
Businessman's Opportunity to Influence Change, Chamber of Commerce, B. W, Heineman, 11568.
11568; May 26, 1966; Muskie comments on the way that the business community responds to government and urges changes along the lines spelled out in the speech by Ben W. Heineman, chairman of the Chicago and North Western Railway Corp. to the National Chamber of Commerce. During the 1960s, jawboning by the Administration in office played a much larger role in economic management, business was less reflexively anti-government, and more attention was paid to the relationship between the private and public sectors.
Rural electric and telephone cooperatives: provide supplemental financing program for (see bill S, 3337), 12067.
12067; June 2, 1966; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of S.3337, a Bass (D-Tennessee) bill to amend the Rural Electrification Action of 1936 to facilitate the extension and improvement of rural electric and telephone service and to strengthen and stabilize rural electrification and telephone systems by supplementing the existing sources of federal financing as provided by titles I and II of the Rural Electrification Act to furnish additional sources of capital funds.
Department of Agriculture: bill (H.R.14596) making appropriations for, 15837
Report: Limitation on Agricultural Payments, Department of Agriculture, 15837.
15837; July 15, 1966; During debate on Agriculture Department Appropriations bill, H.R.14596; efforts by Senator Brewster (D-Maryland), to place limits on price support payments to large farm operations so as to preserve the program for family farms, not agribusiness, do not gain Muskie support. Muskie briefly says he has read a Departmental analysis of the farm support program and is persuaded by the argument that limiting the participation of large producers would entirely undercut their purpose of stabilizing supply, and raise federal costs or damage smaller producers.
Displaced persons: establish policy for treatment of federally, 16733-16737.
Hard Times for a Corner Grocery, Miami Herald, 16733.
Uniform Relocation Act of 1966: bill (S. 1681) to enact, 16733-16737.
Table: comparison of relocation programs, 16734,16736.
Analysis: S. 1681, establish a policy for fair treatment of persons displaced by federal programs, 16737.
16733; July 22, 1966; Muskie’s opening statement on S.1681, the Uniform Relocation act, describes the need to establish uniform policies to compensate people who are forced to move when the government exercises eminent domain over their property or the property they are renting. He gives the example of a small grocer in Florida affected by urban renewal. There is no additional debate and the bill is passed by voice vote.
List: Bureau of Public Roads actions relative to relocation assistance, 17332
Federal highway system: property acquisition and relocation assistance, 17332, 17333.
Development of Urban Housing and Urban Freeways, American Public Works Association, T. F, McGarry, 17333.
17332; July 27, 1966; Muskie describes an exchange he had with the Federal Highway Administrator, Rex M. Whitton, about the efforts made by the FHA in connection with the relocation of persons affected by road construction. A description of those actions is reproduced in the Record and in addition, the efforts of the Bureau of Public Roads to develop a concept of joint development of urban housing and urban freeways so as to minimize the dislocation of persons and facilitate solutions to urban traffic congestion. He includes the text of a speech by Thomas F. McGarry, Special Assistant to the Federal Highway Administrator at the Western Regional Meeting of the American Public Works Association in Portland, Oregon.
Rural electrification and telephone programs: provide additional sources of financing for (see bill S. 3720), 19176.
19176; August 12, 1966; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of a Cooper (R-Kentucky) bill, S.3720, to amend the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 to provide additional sources of financing for the rural electrification and rural telephone programs. Cooper’s was a version of the earlier REA bill that Muskie cosponsored which included some of the compromises reached in the House of Representatives, and Cooper produced this bill to have it available for the hearings which were scheduled to begin the following week. Muskie cosponsored this bill because he had already cosponsored the original one.
Vessel Eugenie II: document as U.S. vessel with coastwise privileges (see bill S. 3787),21500.
21500; August 31, 1966; Notice only of Muskie introduction of bill, S.3787, to authorize and direct the secretary of the Treasury to cause the vessel Eugenie II, owned by J.C. Strout, of Milbridge, Maine, to be documented as a vessel of the United States with full coastwise privileges.
At this time, the law required Congress to grant its assent to the chartering of private pleasure vessels. Commercial vessels, such as fishing boats, were routinely chartered by the Coast Guard. Private, non-commercial boat owners had to request such legislation from their representatives in the Congress. Because this was routine private legislation, Muskie made no introductory remarks, as would be normal for a public legislative bill.
Today the Coast Guard has regulations in place that permit the chartering of private recreational vessels without the need for Congressional intervention. At the time Muskie was sponsoring bills such as this, recreational boating was a much more limited leisure activity than it is today.
ENERGY
1966 2nd Session, 89th Congress
Electric power: New England cost of, 12369, 24698.
Table: average residential electric bills, 12371.
Our High Cost of Electricity, R. J. Connolly, Boston Globe (series), 12370-12376.
New England: development of hydroelectric resources, 24689.
"Baby TVA" in Maine, Textile Workers Union of America, 24689
12369, 12371; June 6, 1966; Muskie makes a statement about the comparatively higher cost of electricity to New England consumers and inserts a nine-part Boston Globe series of articles documenting the facts and advocating changes. The series includes a table of average residential electrical bills by region for 1965. Muskie’s remarks, which can be read here, illustrate his strong feeling that the New England region as a whole labored under a disadvantage because its exclusively private electrical producers felt no competitive pressure from public power generation, such as in the Tennessee Valley or the Pacific Northwest. The text of the accompanying articles is not reproduced.
24689; (Text begins 24688); September 30, 1966; Muskie notes that the authorization of Dickey Lincoln has already prodded the New England utilities into considering methods of generating lower-cost power, without even a yard of cement being poured. He inserts an article, “The Baby TVA” in Maine, produced by the Textile Workers Union.
Low Cost Power, New England Conference of Public Utilities, C. A. Robinson, 17316.
17316; July 27, 1966; Muskie says that a comprehensive account of Dickey-Lincoln benefits for New England was given by Charles A. Robinson, staff engineer and staff counsel of the National Rural Cooperatives Association, to a gathering of the New England Conference of Utilities Commissioners. Muskie lost few opportunities to advertise the benefits of Dickey Lincoln in these years, as the project seemed close to being approved.
Price of Electrical Energy in New England, S. C. Terry, Rutland Herald (series), 17711-17717.
17711-17717; August 1, 1966; Muskie inserts a series of six articles focusing on the costs of electricity for the three northern New England states, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, published by the Rutland, Vermont, Herald, which discuss the structural problems of the electrical generating business in the New England region which by their multiplicity, contribute to the above-national-average costs.
Dickey-Lincoln School hydroelectric project, 24689, 25790.
Public works: bill (H.R. 17787) making appropriations for, 25790.
25790: October 7, 1966; Muskie makes a brief statement about the inclusion of $1.2 million in planning funds for Dickey Lincoln in the public works appropriation, H.R. 17787, which is being debated and voted. He expresses the hope that the Senate will insist on retaining these funds during conference with the House.
NATIONAL SECURITY/FOREIGN AFFAIRS
1966 89th Congress, 2nd Session
Report: Vietnam conflict -- substance and shadow, by several senators and, 160-164, 352, 959, 963, 978, 1512.
Vietnam: report of mission to, 959, 963.
Mansfield, Mike: tribute, 959.
Visit to Vietnam, by, 963.
160-164; January 13, 1966; In House Proceedings; several Congressmen congratulate the students of the State of Georgia for a planned demonstration called “Affirmation Vietnam,” demonstrating their support for the nation’s efforts in the war. In the course of this speech making, Representative Mackay (D-Georgia) inserts the text of a report, The Vietnam Conflict: The Substance and the Shadow, compiled by Senator Mansfield (D-Montana) and four Senators who accompanied him on a tour of Vietnam. Muskie was one of those four Senators, so his name appears. There is no Muskie text at this location.
352, January 17, 1966; Senator Mansfield (D-Montana) makes a statement about the report he is filing on a visit he paid to Vietnam and other countries in the region, as he introduces some editorial commentary about the trip into the Record. In his remarks, he mentions the Senators who accompanied him, including Muskie.
959, 963; January 24, 1966; Muskie makes brief remarks about the trip he took with the Senate Majority Leader, Senator Mansfield, to Vietnam, praises Mansfield’s leadership, and inserts the text of the report that was issued, along with excerpts of other remarks he has made since his return about the war and conditions and outlook.
978; January 24, 1966; Senator Gruening (D-Alaska) inserts the text of the Vietnam report and Muskie’s name appears as one of the Members involved. When a report such as this one becomes newsworthy, it is often reproduced in the Record numerous times. No one has ever worked out a way to tell Senators that the material they wish to honor with publication has already been published.
1512; January 29, 1966; Senator Morse (D-Oregon) delivers a lengthy speech on the role of the Senate in foreign policy and in the course of his remarks, inserts the Vietnam Study Tour report which includes Muskie’s name as a participant in the tour.
Nuclear weapons: support efforts to limit spread of (see S. Res. 179), 476, 505.
476; January 18, 1966; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Pastore (D-Rhode Island) resolution, S. Res. 179, in support of efforts to limit the spread of nuclear weapons. This notice reflects the introduction of the resolution only.
505; January 18, 1966; During his introductory remarks on S. Res. 179, Senator Pastore (D- Rhode Island) lists Muskie as one of 50 cosponsors. His resolution was designed to respond to President Johnson’s state of the Union message, which endorsed nuclear non-proliferation, and offered Senate support for the goal.
Foreign aid: President's message including health and education in, 1932.
International health and education: proposal, 1932.
1932; February 2, 1966; Muskie makes a brief statement in which he welcomes the thrust of President Johnson’s proposals on international education and health as the appropriate way to direct U.S. foreign aid. Rivalry with the Soviet Union at this time had the effect of freighting foreign aid with much greater patriotic support than it receives today, because it was seen as a way in which the superiority of the American system over the Soviet one could be demonstrated worldwide.
Vietnam: supplemental appropriations, procurement and development, 3985-3989.
Aircraft, missiles, naval vessels, certain vehicles, and research: bill (S. 2791) to authorize appropriations for procurement of, 3985-3989.
3985-3989; February 24, 1966; During the debate on S. 2791, a bill authorizing supplementary military equipment for the Vietnam effort, Muskie engages in debate with Clark (D-Pennsylvania), Gore (D-Tennessee) and Church (D-Idaho) about the situation in Vietnam and how best to deal with it. At this time, over 200,000 U.S. troops had been introduced into Vietnam and questions of the potential widening of the war were being debated. An excerpt from the debate can be read here.
Our Choices in Vietnam, Philadelphia Allied Jewish Appeal, by, 4406
4406; March 1, 1966; During the debate on the military procurement bill, Senator Hart inserts a copy of a Muskie speech to the 1966 Philadelphia Allied Jewish Appeal, in Philadelphia on February 28, called “Our Choices in Vietnam.”
National UNICEF Day: designate annually (see S.J. Res. 144, 194), 6109, 23567.
6109; March 17, 1966; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of a Tydings (D-Maryland) Joint Resolution, S. J. Res. 144, authorizing the President to designate October 31 of each year as National UNICEF Day.
23567; September 21, 1966; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of S. J. Res 194, a Tydings resolution to authorize the president to designate October 31 of each year as national UNICEF day. The bill was passed.
Senator Tydings introduced the second resolution to designate October 31 as National UNICEF Day after the first resolution became a victim of the School Prayer Amendment. When an effort was initially made to consider S. J. Res. 144, the UNICEF bill, a school prayer amendment was attached to it, which, once voted down, took the UNICEF resolution down with it. It is a long-standing habit for the minority in the Senate to attach controversial proposals to very popular ones as a means of getting a debate on the Senate floor that would not otherwise take place. The purpose of such debates is to energize supporters, create election campaign issues, and sometimes, to tie up the Senate.
West German Approval To Build Steel Complex for Red China, by, 6494.
Letter: German steel Mill for Red China, H. Knappstein, by, 8169.
6494; March 22, 1966; McIntyre (D-New Hampshire) comments on the decision by a French-German consortium to build a steel complex for Peking and inserts a short Muskie statement which says that German assurances to him of German support for the U.S. in Vietnam are directly contradicted by the construction of a complex that will help Peking provide additional equipment to the North Vietnamese.
8169; April 14, 1966; During a floor colloquy on the question of the German approval of a German firm’s involvement in helping build a steel production plant in China, Sen. McIntyre (D-New Hampshire) inserts a copy of a letter Muskie wrote about the subject to the German Ambassador, Heinrich Knappstein.
Appointed to Canada-United States parliamentary Group Meeting, 7843
7843; April 6, 1966; The Vice President appoints Muskie as one of the Senators to attend the 9th Canada-United States Interparliamentary Group Meeting to be held in Washington D.C. and Oak Ridge, Tenn., May 18-22.
Polish Christian Millenium Anniversary, President Johnson, 9538,
Polish Christian Millenium anniversary, by, 9538.
Proclamation: Commemoration of Poland's National and Christian Millenium, President Johnson, 9538.
Poland: anniversary of Christianity in, 9537, 9539.
9538; May 3, 1966; Muskie is one of several Senators making statements on the millennium of Poland’s becoming a Christian nation, and inserts along with his remarks the text of President Johnson’s speech on Eastern Europe, and his own remarks in an earlier White House ceremony.
This Is Our Heritage, by, 10523-10525.
Polish Millennium, Alliance College, by, 10757.
10523; May 12, 1966; Rep. Charles Vanik of Ohio, in Extensions of Remarks, inserts a Muskie statement to Alliance College, Cambridge Springs, Penna. on the Polish Christian millennium. Alliance College was the only Polish-American college in the country at this time, and Muskie, as a prominent Polish-American, was invited to speak there often.
10757: May 17, 1966; Sen. Clark (D-Pennsylvania) inserts a text of the same speech to Alliance College.
Committee on National Service and the Draft (Joint) : establish (see S. Con. Res. 95), 12343.
12343; June 6, 1966; This index reference is in error. Muskie is not shown as a cosponsor on this page, although he was a cosponsor of S. Con. Res. 95, the Mondale (D-Minnesota) resolution to create a Joint Committee on National Service. At this time, the military draft was riddled with deferments, particularly for students, which were beginning to raise questions of elementary fairness and of the relationship between grades and the testing system in higher education and military conscription. The proposal would have provided for a study of national service in the broader sense, encompassing both military and civilian service and adjustments to the GI bill to permit less-educated draftees to take better advantage of it upon demobilization.
International bridge: consent to agreement between Maine and Province of New Brunswick for construction of (see bill S. 3476), 12445.
12445; June 7, 1966; Notice only of the introduction of S.3476, a bill to consent to an agreement between the State of Maine and the Province of New Brunswick, Canada, providing for the construction and maintenance of an international bridge between Calais, Maine, and Milltown, New Brunswick.
Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine: exclusion from modernization Program, 14104.
Editorial: Keep Kittery Fighting Fit for Our Fleet, Portland (Maine) Press Herald, 14104.
14104; June 23, 1966; Muskie complains that Naval Ship Systems Command has excluded Portsmouth from a modernization program and inserts an editorial from the Portland Press Herald hostile to this development. According to Muskie, this reflects a 1964 McNamara decision to close Portsmouth.
Plea for Sanity -- American Prisoners in Hanoi, by, 15851.
15851; July 15, 1966; Senator Church (D-Idaho) proposes a “Plea for Sanity” to prevent the potential tit-for-tat execution of each side’s POWs as the North Vietnamese threat of show trials of Americans escalated. Muskie was one of 18 Senators whose name was attached to the “plea”.
Foreign aid: bill (S. 3584; H.R. 15750) to authorize appropriations for, 17056.
17056; July 26, 1966; Just before a vote on the foreign aid bill, S.3584, McGovern (D-South Dakota) asks that Muskie and others be added as cosponsors of his motion to indefinitely postpone a Kuchel (D-California) amendment, sense-of-the-Senate language that the West German government’s approval of a steel production facility in China is a grave blow to the common defense of the free world and to the safety of American troops in Vietnam. The McGovern motion failed 34-55. Subsequently, the Kuchel amendment was passed 56-33.
U.S. Policy in Vietnam -- Views of Five Experts, Look, 17325.
17325; July 27, 1966; Muskie inserts an article from Look magazine in which five experts, Hans Morgenthau, Henry Kissinger, Hanson W. Baldwin, Herman Kahn and Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. each answer the question “Vietnam – What Should We Do Now?” with a different answer. Muskie makes the point that this demonstrates that there are no simple choices in the matter.
The article, which can be read here, is a good reflection of the national mood about Vietnam at this time.
U.S. forces in Western Europe: favor reduction of (see S. Res. 300), 21442, 21500.
21442; August 31, 1966; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of his resolution, S.Res.300, to reduce U.S. troop numbers stationed in Europe, by Senator Mansfield (D-Montana), when he makes his introductory remarks. Senator Mansfield pursued NATO troop reductions for years, claiming that European nations whose postwar economic recovery was assured by the mid-sixties should be carrying more of the costs of the mutual defense burden.
21500; August 31, 1966; Notice only of Mansfield (D-Montana) introduction of S.Res.300, to express the sense of the Senate with respect to troop deployment in Europe, on which Muskie is listed as a cosponsor.
Appointed to Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, 21544.
21544; September 1, 1966; Muskie is named as one of the Senators appointed to attend the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Meeting in Ottowa, Canada, September 28 through October 4.
U.N. General Assembly, T. Khoman, 25437.
25437; October 6, 1966; Muskie inserts a speech by the Thai Foreign Minister, Thanat Khoman, to the UN General Assembly, in which he calls for Asian countries to negotiate an end to the Vietnam war. At this time, the Burmese government, like other ASEAN governments, was looking for ways to end the Vietnam conflict.
National Foundation for the Social Sciences: establish (see bill S. 3896), 25975.
25975; October 11, 1966; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of a Harris (D-Oklahoma) bill, S.3896, to provide for the establishment of the National Foundation for the Social Sciences in order to promote research and scholarship in such sciences. This bill grew out of research programs funded by the Defense Department to study social, economic and political conditions in Latin American countries, which resulted in an uproar in Latin America when the funding source became known. It began as an effort to de-militarize socioeconomic research and sought to establish a counterpart to the National Science Foundation in the social sciences.
Vietnam, E. H. Violette, 26519.
26519; October 13, 1966; Muskie inserts a speech on Vietnam by Maine State Senator Elmer H. Violette, of Bangor, Maine, which seems to support U.S. objectives in the war. As opposition to the war became stronger, more voices were raised on one side or the other. Muskie was inclined to giving all problems a thorough review, so he used a range of speeches and articles to examine the subject of Vietnam.
Fish protein concentrate: bill (S. 2720) to develop means for production of 26885.
26885; October 14, 1966; During consideration of the conference report on S.2720, a bill to help establish a demonstration project for the production of fish protein concentrate, Muskie expresses his support for the project as a means of producing cheap and nutritious food for the underdeveloped nations.
Diplomacy With a Difference, by Arnold D. P. Heeney, A5896.
Heeney, Arnold D. P.: tribute, A5896.
A5896: November 21, 1966; In Extensions of Remarks, Muskie inserts an article by the former Canadian Ambassador to the U.S., Arnold D.P. Heeney, which discusses the work of the International Joint Commission, a U.S.-Canadian body which was established by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to help monitor and enforce pollution issues at the international boundary.
ENVIRONMENT, PARKS, HISTORIC PRESERVATION, WILDLIFE
1966 2nd Session, 89th Congress
Interview: Citizen Action Program, General Electric Forum, by, 317.
317; January 14, 1966; Senator Church (D-Idaho) inserts the text of an interview Muskie gave to the General Electric Forum on the subject, “This must be a citizen action program.” Muskie argues that environmental awareness and action must be a grassroots movement.
Committee on Public Works, 949, 15066, 15068, 27521.
Committee on Public Works: additional staff and funds for (see S. Res. 206), 949,950.
949; January 24, 1966; On behalf of Senator McNamara (D-Michigan) , Muskie reports a resolution providing additional funds and staff for the Committee on Public Works. McNamara was the Committee Chairman.
15066; 15068; July 11, 1966; Muskie reports out S. 3112, a bill to amend the clean air act, Rept. No. 89-1361.
27521; October 19, 1966; Notice of Muskie reporting from Public Works the bill S.3747, to designate the dam and reservoir to be constructed on the Sangamon River near Decatur, Ill., as the Henry Bolz Dam and Reservoir, Rept. No. 89-1839.
Hearings on Water Quality Act of 1966 (S. 4) : print additional copies of (see S. Res. 207), 950.
Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 (S. 3) : print additional copies of (see S. Res. 208), 950.
950; January 24, 1966; Muskie requests an additional printing of 1000 copies of the hearings held during the first session of the 89th Congress by the Special Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution, on S.4, the Water Quality Act of 1965. He also requests the printing of one thousand additional copies of the hearings held during the first session of the 89th Congress by the Committee on Public Works, on S.3, the Appalachian Regional Development Act.
Water: steps toward clean, 2006.
Pollution: water, 2006, 8694.
North Platte River: clean up of, 8694.
Williamson, Arthur E., 8694.
Simpson, Milward L.: water pollution efforts of, 8695
Sick River Is Returned to Nature, R. Gannon, True, 8695.
2006; February 3, 1966; Muskie makes a brief statement about “Steps to Clean Water”, a report based on the prior year’s 12 days of hearings on clean water legislation.
8694; April 21, 1966; Muskie makes a statement about the successful effort begun in 1955 by then-Governor (now Senator) Simpson (R) of Wyoming to clean up its largest river, the Platte, and inserts a long article by Robert Gannon from True magazine, describing the clean up process.
Committee on Historic Preservation (Special): With Heritage So Rich, published by, 2629.
Preface: "With Heritage So Rich," Representative Rains, 2629.
Foreword: With Heritage So Rich, Mrs. Lyndon B Johnson, 2629.
Report: Special Committee on Historic Preservation, 2630.
List: Members of Special Committee on Historic preservation, 2630.
2629, 2630; February 9, 1966; Muskie makes a statement about American heritage and inserts a report from the Special Committee on Historic Preservation which details those areas in need of preservation. Muskie served on this committee, which was an independent body established by the U.S. Conference of Mayors. He inserts the Foreword to a book, “With Heritage So Rich.” which was also produced by the work of this Committee and published with help from the Ford Foundation, by the Chairman of the Special Committee, former Congressman Albert Rains, and by the First Lady, Lady Bird Johnson.
Highways: proposed guidelines for advertising on, 3127.
Outdoor advertising: proposed guidelines, 3127.
3127; February 16, 1966; Muskie makes a lengthy comment defending his colleagues on the Public Works Committee against press reports of Committee discussions on the implementation of the billboard legislation passed the previous year.
Pollution: industrial air, 3130.
Editorial: Can Industry Afford Not To Be a Public Nuisance? Factory, L. R. Bittie, 3130.
3130; February 16, 1966; Muskie inserts an editorial from Factory Magazine which questions whether and at what cost industrial manufacturing industries can keep on polluting the air before they are challenged to put an end to it.
Committee on Public Works: resolution (S. Res. 206) to authorize studies by, 3413.
3413; February 17, 1966; During Senate consideration of a Resolution authorizing the Public Works Committee to make a study of any and all matters pertaining to flood control, navigation, rivers and harbors, water and air pollution, public buildings and all features of resources development and economic growth, Muskie assures Ellender (D-Louisiana) that the Committee is not adding additional staff.
Federal Water Pollution Control Act: Improve and make more effective certain programs under (see bill S. 2947), 3421.
3421; February 18, 1966; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.2947, a bill to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act in order to improve and make more effective certain programs authorized by that act.
Pollution: program to improve water, 3454.
Water Pollution Control Act: amend. 3454.
Text of S. 2947, amendments to Water Pollution Control Act, 3455.
3454,3455; February 18, 1966; Muskie makes his introductory remarks on S.2497, his bill to amend the water pollution control law, primarily by creating a bond program for the construction of waste water treatment plants and providing incentives to the states to take part in the construction program.
Analysis: S. 2987, Clean Rivers Restoration Act, 4233.
Water pollution control and abatement: provide nationwide program of (see bill S. 2987), 4233.
Pollution: program to control river, 4234.
Clean Rivers Restoration Act: introduction, 4234.
4233; February 28, 1966; Notice only of the introduction of S. 2987, a Muskie bill to provide a program of pollution control and abatement in selected river basins of the United States.
4234; February 28, 1966; Muskie makes his introductory remarks on S. 2987, the Clean Rivers Restoration Act. The bill is an Administration vehicle, provided by the Department of the Interior, and will be considered along with S.2497, the Water Pollution Control Act Muskie introduced.
Water Pollution Control Act: extension of time for cosponsors to S. 2947 to amend, 4241.
4241; February 28, 1966; Muskie requests that the Federal Water Pollution Control Act amendment bill he introduced, S.2497, remain at the desk for several additional days so that Members who wish to cosponsor it may do so. At this time, a bill was cosponsored by Senators approaching the desk at the front of the Chamber to ask to have their names added to it.
Water Quality, American Water Works Association, by, 5984.
5984; March 15, 1966; In Extensions of Remarks, Senator Randolph (D-W. Virginia) inserts the text of a Muskie speech on Water Quality and the National Interest to the public water supply seminar held by the American Water Works Association in Washington DC, on March 1.
National Advisory Council on Historic Preservation: establish (see bill S. 3097), 6088.
National register of historic sites, buildings, and objects: establish (see bill S. 3098), 6088.
Historic sites: legislation to preserve, 6097
Text of S. 3097, to preserve historic stuctures as part of urban renewal projects, 6097.
Text of S. 3098, to promote and coordinate historic preservation activities, 6099
6088; March 17, 1966; Notice only of the introduction by Muskie of S.3097, a bill to provide financial and other aid under the Housing Act of 1949 and related federal programs to encourage and assist in the preservation and maintenance of historic structures, and S.3098, a bill to promote and coordinate historic preservation activities of the federal, state and local governments, other public bodies and private organizations and individuals.
6097, 6099; March 17, 1966; Muskie makes an introductory statement on his historic preservation bills, S.3097 and S.3098, authorizing funds and providing for coordination of historic preservation with other levels of government and the private sector. This bill was the outcome of the Special Committee on Preservation which was created by the U.S. Conference of Mayors and on which Muskie served.
Clean Air Act: amend to authorize grants to air pollution control agencies (see bill S. 3112), 6331.
Pollution: legislation to amend Clean Air Act, 6334.
6331; March 21, 1966; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.3112, a bill to amend the Clean Air Act to authorize grants to air pollution control agencies for maintenance of air pollution control programs.
6334; March 21, 1966; Muskie introductory statement on S.3112, amendments to the Clean Air Act, providing grants to state pollution control agencies, making the grants more flexible, and eliminating the provision that limited the total of air pollution control grants to 20 percent of the total appropriation for the bill in any year.
National Water Commission: establish (see bill S. 3107), 6895.
6895; March 29, 1966; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of S.3107, a Jackson (D-Washington) bill to provide for a comprehensive review of national water resource problems and programs. When Congress began to develop environmental laws, one of the principal stumbling blocks was a lack of information about the scope of a proposal. This bill, to establish a comprehensive picture of water resources, was one of many attempts to fill that lack.
Plan Needed To Rescue Historic Buildings, A. M. Rains, Virginia Law Weekly, 11245.
Historic buildings: need to rescue, 11245
11245; May 24, 1966; Muskie inserts an article by former Congressman Albert M. Rains, from the Virginia Law Weekly, about the need for historic preservation, and comments that he agrees with the thrust of the article and references his own conservation bill, S.3097, which he hopes will see action in the Congress. Muskie served with Rains on the Committee on historic preservation.
Federal Pollution Agency is short on Men, Morale, and Momentum, Engineering News-Record, 11531.
Water Pollution Control Administration: transfer of, 13195.
Four New Water Pollution abatement Cases in the Works, G. W. Fishbein, Environmental Health Letter, 13195
11531; May 25, 1966; Referring to Reorganization Plan No 2, which on May 10 transferred the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare to the Department of the Interior, Muskie says the move raised questions and that not all of them have been satisfactorily answered. He inserts as a sample of such questions, an article from the May 12 issue of Engineering News-Record which raises the point that the agency has lost technical manpower and morale as a result of changes that culminated in the move.
Environmental regulation was initially administered as a public health matter, by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, but as the conservation issues related to pollution control became more evident, steps were taken to bring it within the jurisdiction of officials with experience in the conservation field. Like all changes, these shifts were viewed with some suspicion at the time.
13195; June 15, 1966; Muskie notes reports that Secretary Udall of Interior is optimistic about the incorporation of the water pollution agency in the Interior Department, and inserts an article from the Environmental Health Letter, by Gershon W. Fishbein, describing an interview with Udall about the transfer, where it is characterized as part of a larger Udall goal to expand the reach of the Interior Department beyond its western land-conservation functions. Ultimately, of course, the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency ended the engagement of Interior with pollution issues.
Let's Take the Panic Out of Pollution, A. Anable, Boating, 12421.
12421; June 6, 1966; Muskie makes brief remarks about the potential pollution from small pleasure boats and suggests that States start to consider regulations, and includes an article from
Boating Magazine on the subject. This is arguably one of the earliest articles in which a proponent of boating suggests that boaters begin dealing with the problem of untreated sewage discharges from pleasure boats.
Developing Abatement Policies under the Clear Air Act, W. H. Megonnell, Journal of Air Pollution Control Association, 13197.
13197; June 15, 1966; Muskie inserts an article by William H. Megonnell, the deputy chief of the Abatement Branch, Division of Air Pollution, at the Public Health Service, which traces the historic development of the air pollution control regime to the present from the first emergence of air pollution as a widespread concern in 1955. The article was originally presented at the Fourth Conference on Air Pollution Control at Purdue U. Lafayette, Indiana, in October 26, 1965; and is published in the Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association.
Architectural Advisory Board and Art Advisory Board: establish in General Services Administration (see bill S.3521), 13469.
Architecture: legislation to Improve Federal building, 13474.
Federal building: improve architecture and art acquisitions for, 13474.
Art: program for acquisition for Federal buildings work of, 13474.
Text of S. 3521, Federal Fine Arts and Architecture Act, 13475.
13469; June 16, 1966; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.3521, a bill to foster better standards of architectural excellence in the design and decoration of federal public buildings outside the District of Columbia and to provide for a program to acquire and preserve art works for federal buildings.
13474; June 16, 1966; Muskie remarks on introduction of S. 3521, the Federal Fine Arts and Architecture Act, citing the fact that it embodies the work of an ad hoc committee appointed by President Kennedy for the improvement of federal architectural standards.
Historic properties: bill (S.3035) to establish program for preservation of additional, 15167.
15167: July 11, 1966; During debate on S.3035, a Jackson (D-Washington) bill to provide for historic preservation, Muskie makes a brief statement in support of the legislation, saying it combines elements of the Administration bill submitted through Interior, as well as elements of his bills, S.3097 and S.3098,which reflect the priorities of the U.S. Conference of Mayors’ Special Committee on Historic Preservation.
Air pollution control: bill (S. 3112) to authorize grants for programs, 15249-15261, 15253, 15255, 15257, 15258, 26808.
15249- 15258; July 12, 1966; Muskie makes the opening statement remarks in the floor debate on S. 3112, the air pollution control bill, in which he describes the progress in air pollution control legislation over the previous several years. In brief debate with others, the question of tax deductions for pollution equipment is raised, and other Senators offer their view of the bill.
26808: October 14, 1966; Muskie presents the conference report on S.3112, the Clean Air Act Amendments, and describes the changes made to the bill as a result of discussions between Senate and House conferees. The conference report is passed on a voice vote.
Water Pollution Control Act: bill (S. 2947) to improve and make more effective programs for, 15585-15587. 15596-15599, 15602, 15603, 15611-15613, 15615, 15629, 27244-27237, 27247
Coastal Pollution Problems, Portland Telegram (series), 15587-15595
Editorial: Muskie Forcing Congress To Enact Antipollution Measures (sundry), 15595.
Funds Devoted to Training Grant Programs, Water Pollution Control Administration, 15597.
Must We Pay the Piper? Utah State University, Senator Moss, 15613.
Table: comparison of funds for Clean Waters Restoration Act, 27244.
Memorandum: Justification of cost estimate, conference of sanitary engineers survey, L. G. Billings, 27245.
15585-15597; July 13, 1966; Debate begins on the water pollution bill, S.2947, with Muskie opening remarks and the inclusion of some news articles on coastal pollution. He explains the inclusion of the Clean Rivers program, and discusses the potential risks from uranium mine mill tailings piles in the Colorado River basin. He engages in brief colloquy with Cooper (R-Kentucky) about the limits to which waste water plant operational training is subjected, and agrees with Cooper’s argument that more needs to be done, and inserts a Moss (D-Utah) speech. Proposed amendments to the bill are discussed, as well as a clarification of the potential radioactivity of uranium mill tailings, and the bill is passed, 90-0. Excerpts from the debate can be read here.
27244-27247: October 17, 1966; Muskie presents the conference report on S.2497, the water pollution control bill, which includes the Billings memo justifying the anticipated cost of waste water treatment facilities, about which questions had been raised.
Air Pollution, L. Kavaler, Redbook, 17706.
17706; August 1, 1966; Muskie says L. Kavaler, a contributor to Redbook magazine, has written a comprehensive article on air pollution entitled “ There’s Something in the Air” and asks it be printed in the Record.
Pollution: Humble Oil Co. combats, 18356.
How Humble Combats Water and Air Pollution, Oil and Gas Journal, 18356.
18356; August 5, 1966; Muskie statement says that if pollution is to be overcome it will be done only with the cooperation of American industry, and inserts an article from the Oil & Gas Journal, March 26, 1966, entitled: “How Humble combats water and air pollution – company doesn’t stop with public-regulations compliance but aims at reducing waste discharge to the lowest practical level – here’s an outline of methods in use at Baytown.” Muskie notes that the company won the Izaak Walton Honor Roll Award for its efforts.
Water pollution control facilities: construction of, 19493.
Our Air and Water Can Be Made Clean, Life, 19494.
Ruhr River: Pollution control, 19495.
19493; August 1, 1966; Muskie reports that differences of opinion about what the cost of waste water treatment ought to be risk diverting attention from the work of controlling pollution and offers assorted information and statistics to better describe what is at stake. In the course of this statement, he inserts a Life magazine article and corrects a small error about the Ruhr River pollution.
Highway Safety Act: bill (S. 3052) to enact, 20037.
20037; August 19, 1966; Muskie makes the motion that the Senate disagree with the House amendments to S.3052, the highway safety act, and appoints conferees. Because both Houses of Congress must agree on all elements of a bill before it can be placed before the President to be signed into law, temporary committees of conference are created to meet and iron out differences in the two versions of the bill as passed by each House. The process is started in the Senate with a motion to appoint conferees, as Muskie does here.
Committee on Technology and Human Environment (Select) : establish (see S. Res. 298), 20527, 20543.
Science and technology: utilize, 20542.
Committee on Technology and the Human Environment (Select) : create, 20542
Text of Senate Resolution 298, to create Select Committee on Technology a Human Environment, 20543.
20527; August 25, 1966; Notice only of Muskie introduction of a Resolution, S. Res. 298, to establish a Select Committee on Technology and the Human Environment.
20542; August 25, 1966; Muskie makes introductory remarks on S. Res. 298, to create a Select Committee on Technology and the Human Environment. He explains that the purpose of the Select Committee would be to provide the expertise that would allow the regular committees of the Senate to legislate with a background of more reliable and complete information than is now easy to obtain. Select (and Special) Committees of the Congress are created by each chamber, according to perceived needs, and have no legislative authority.
Maine Completes a Truly Monumental Task, B. Caldwell, Portland Telegram, 20577.
Maine: granite stone from, 20577.
20577; August 25, 1966; Muskie reports that President Johnson and Prime Minister Pearson laid the cornerstone of the visitors’ center at the Roosevelt Campobello International Park using Maine granite which was a gift from the Deer Isle Granite Corporation of Stonington, Maine, and cut from the same quarry and by the same men who are providing the granite for the Kennedy gravesite.
Redwood National Park: preserve trees within boundaries of proposed (see S.J. Res. 192), 22157.
22157; September 9, 1966; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of S. J. Res. 192, a Kuchel (R-California) joint resolution to preserve the trees within the boundaries of the proposed Redwood National Park until Congress has had an opportunity to determine whether the park shall be established or not. Creation of a national park to preserve the giant redwoods had been a subject of debate for several years by this time, and a request for such a park was part of President Johnson’s program for the Interior Department. The land under consideration was owned by lumber companies and one of these companies undertook clear-cutting operations which were seen at the time as specifically geared to the goal of destroying the big old-growth trees that were the goal of preservationists. This Kuchel resolution was an effort to create a Congressional injunction to stop the logging until Congress could vote on the proposal to create a Park. The National Redwoods Park was not actually created until 1968.
U.S. coastal and Great Lakes shorelines: authorize appraisal report of (see bill S. 3798), 23569.
23569; September 21, 1966; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to S. 3798, a Tydings (D-Maryland) bill to authorize a study of coastal erosion. Tydings described his bill as a study of the areas of the coast subject to erosion damage that had not been studied, and suggested the results would aid in efforts to stabilize coastlines against the forces of erosion.
Water Pollution Control, F. C. Di Luzio, 25447.
25447; October 6, 1966; Muskie inserts a speech by the Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Water Pollution Control, outlining the fourteen points adopted by the Water Pollution Control Federation at their 39th annual meeting in Kansas City, Mo., on September 27.
Committee on Public Works: projects approved by, 26000.
Table: projects approved by Committee on Public Works, 26000, 26001.
26000, 26001; October 11, 1966; Muskie inserts a short table into the Record summarizing the watershed and flood prevention projects approved by the Public Works Committee, which cumulatively amounted to $7.98 million, as well as the building projects that comprised New Construction and renovations. He does this, he says, “ in order that the Members of the Senate and of the House of Representatives and other interested parties may be advised of the various projects approved by the Committee on Public Works” Inserts lists, first of three items in Georgia, Oklahoma and Texas, totaling $7,987 million, and secondly, a list of public building projects, of which there are nine, ranging from a Porthill, Idaho border station, a Dayton post office and courthouse, a Fort Worth federal building, a Cleveland post office and a Tyler, Tex., post office and courthouse.
Air pollution: authorize study of means of propelling vehicles so as not to contribute to (see bill S. 3911), 26735
Automobiles: pollution control devices, 26736.
Pollution: study means of propelling vehicles to reduce air, 26736.
26735; October 14, 1966; Notice only of Muskie’s introduction of S.3911, a bill to amend the Clean Air Act in order to authorize an investigation and study to determine a means of propelling vehicles so as not to contribute to air pollution.
26736; October 14, 1966; Muskie describes his bill, S.3911, which authorizes the Department of Health, Education and Welfare to review alternatives to the gasoline-powered combustion engine as a means of speeding up the attainment of clean air goals.
Article: Air Pollution, from Conservation Foundation, A5899.
Table: air-pollution agencies, by States, A5903, A5904.
A5899, A5903, A5904: November 21, 1966; In Extensions of Remarks. Muskie inserts a newsletter of the Conservation Foundation about air pollution (text starts A5899) entitled “Air Pollution – And What People Can Do About It,”along with a table of air pollution agencies covering various states, and another showing the amounts of federal and non-federal dollars allocated for air pollution control by the states.
HUMAN RESOURCES PROGRAMS
1966 2nd Session, 89th Congress
Labor: bill (H.R. 77) to repeal right-to-work law, 2046-2050, 2267, 2723.
We Believe We Have a Right to a Vote, Washington Post, 2048
2046-2050; February 3, 1966; During debate on H.R. 77, a bill to repeal Sec. 14(b) of the National Labor Relations Act, Muskie engages in a debate with Sparkman (D-Alabama) over whether or not the right-to-work argument is being used to persuade employers to move to right-to-work states, and cites an advertisement published in the Washington Post which represents the feelings of union members in Minnesota. They also debate the question of whether or not the Senate should be permitted to move to H.R.77 instead of debating the motion to do so, as they are at this point doing. H.R.77 would repeal that portion of the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act which permitted states to enact right-to-work laws.
In the case of labor law, as in the case of civil rights law, opponents almost always chose to defeat a proposal through parliamentary tactics, such as “debating the motion to proceed.” Under Senate rules, there are extremely few non-debatable motions, which means that a very wide range of actions can be filibustered or talked to death, providing enough Senators wish to do so. This was one example of this parliamentary tactic in action.
2267; February 7, 1966; Senate continues to debate whether or not to take up H.R.77, the repeal of Taft-Hartley, and Muskie has a brief exchange with Senator Clark (D-Pennsylvania) about the fact that during the weeks of debate on this matter the entire debate has been about whether to move to the bill or not.
2723; February 9, 1966; Muskie makes a statement on the substance of the bill to repeal the Taft-Hartley Act, describing the way that unions harness group action to serve the selfish interests of individual members, which no individual alone has an interest in serving.
Veterans: bill (S. 9) to provide assistance for cold war, 2868.
2868; February 10, 1966; Muskie joins other Senators in expressing his support for S.9, the Cold War GI bill, in its House-passed form. Bill is passed 99-0.
School Milk program: proposed reduction, 3868.
3868: February 23, 1966; Muskie speaks against the proposed budget cut which would cut back the school milk program by 80 percent from $103 million to $21 million.
Public schools: assist school boards in attempts to correct racial imbalances in (see bill S. 2928), 4241
4241; February 28, 1966; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of S.2928, a Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) bill to amend Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in order to authorize the Commissioner of Education to provide technical assistance and grants to school boards in support of programs designed to overcome any racial imbalance in the public schools. At this time, the desegregation of public schools in southern states, where segregation had been enforced as a matter of state law, was beginning to be undertaken. In states where racially segregated schools had emerged by reason of residency patterns, however, no comparable action was being taken. This bill aimed to encourage school boards in northern states to combat racial segregation in the public schools by offering financial assistance to bring more schools up to standard
National Community Senior Service Corps: establish (see bill S. 2877), 5897.
5897; March 15, 1966; Muskie’s name is added as a cosponsor to S.2877, a Williams (D-New Jersey), bill to amend the Older Americans Act of 1965 in order to provide for a National Community Senior Service Corps. The bill was designed to create incentives for states to include senior service programs in state planning programs.
Library Services and Construction Act: extend and amend (see bill S. 3076), 6336.
6336; March 21, 1966; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of S. 3076, a Hill (D-Alabama) bill to extend and amend the Library Services and Construction Act. The bill doubled the authorization for federal aid to states for libraries, including funds for library services to the physically impaired.
Education: funds for federally impacted areas, 6350.
6350: March 21, 1966; Muskie objects to the proposed budget cutback on education aid to states for federally impacted areas, saying that the proposed reduction from $416 million to $183 million would be particularly harshly felt is lower-income communities, including those in Maine.
Uniformed services members: authorize program for mentally retarded, mentally ill, and physically handicapped dependents of (see bill S. 3169), 8075.
8075; April 13, 1966; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of S.3169, a Kennedy (D-New York) bill to amend Chapter 55 of Title 10, U.S.C., to authorize a special program for the mentally retarded, mentally ill, and physically handicapped spouses and children of members of the uniformed services. At the time, military health care did not extend to care for the mentally retarded or incapacitated, and state services were often unavailable because military dependents were not state residents. The bill would have corrected this and also broadened the application of the Social Security disability provisions to ensure that they applied to the dependents of military personnel.
Traffic Safety Act of 1966: amend bill (S. 3005) to enact, 8215, 9881.
8215; April 18, 1966; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Mondale (D-Minnesota) amendment to S.3005, Amendment 537 , to the Traffic Safety Bill, which would require the notification of vehicle owners and dealers of unsafe or hazardous factors in the automobiles they own. The law then current permitted manufacturers who became aware of safety hazards to correct them in the following year’s model or to notify dealers of that model, and in all cases to do so under the guise of offering “improvements” and not of indicating that a safety hazard was involved that could jeopardize human life. The amendment would require that information about problems discovered with auto models include information on the effect of the problem on the auto’s safe operation. Mondale calls it the Fair Warning Amendment.
9881; May 5; Mondale lists all the cosponsors of his amendment, and Muskie’s name, as one of the original cosponsors appears on the list.
National Science Foundation: provide more equitable distribution of research and development funds by (see S. Res. 250),8295,8298.
8295; April 19, 1966; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of Senate Resolution 250 introduced by Senator Church (D-Idaho), which would require that the National Science Foundation develop a program to more equitably share research grants and funding with developing institutions as well as with the major research universities. The argument over the allocation of federal research dollars began one year after passage of the Higher Education Act, and has continued ever since. This was one of the earliest efforts to spread federal research money to smaller universities.
8298: April 16, 1966; This page reference is an error. The page contains the Church introductory remarks on his Resolution but does not include any reference to Muskie.
Mount Desert Island Regional School District: convey certain lands to, 8666.
Mount Desert Island (Maine) Regional School District: convey certain lands to (see bill S. 3261), 8666.
8666; April 21, 1966; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.3261, a bill to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to convey certain lands in the State of Maine to the Mount Desert Island Regional School District.
Poverty's Challenge to States, T. Sanford, 8710.
Sanford, Terry 8710.
States: Great Society role of, 8710.
8710; April 21, 1966; Muskie makes a statement about the role of state governments in implementing federal programs and the shortcomings that make some programs less workable, and inserts a lengthy article arguing for more authority for State Governors by former Governor Terry Sanford of North Carolina. The article is entitled “Poverty’s Challenge to the States” and is published in Duke Law school’s journal and may be read here.
Pineland Work Project Achieves High success, F. Sleeper, Portland Telegram, 10389.
10389; May 12, 1966; Muskie inserts a Portland Telegram story about the efforts of Hillcrest Poultry Industries in Lewiston in helping handicapped citizens become productive and capable of self-support in response to the President’s call for businesses hire and train the handicapped.
Elementary and Secondary Education Act: accomplishment of library services under, 11177.
Library services: improvements, 11177.
11177; May 23, 1966; Muskie says that during prior year’s debate on elementary and secondary education, Congress became aware that almost 30 percent of public schools lacked libraries of any kind, and included funds for libraries in Title II of the law. He cites a letter from a student in the Van Buren public school about the change that this funding has brought about.
Veterans: provide for disposition of personal estates of those dying intestate and without heirs (see bill S. 3502), 13146.
Unclaimed personal property in custody of Federal agencies: facilitate discovery and recovery by States of (see bill S. 3503), 13146.
Personal property: recovery by States of certain unclaimed, 13150.
Veterans: disposition of personal estates of certain, 13150.
13146; June 15, 1966; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.3502, a bill to provide for the disposition of the personal estates of veterans dying intestate and without heirs in Veterans Administration facilities in accordance with state law, providing for reimbursement to the United States for costs incurred in caring for, treating and maintaining such veterans.
13150; June 15, 1966; Muskie makes brief introductory remarks on S. 3502, a bill dealing with the personal property of veterans dying without heirs or wills in VA facilities and allocating the costs of care between federal and state agencies, and S.3503, a bill allowing states to deal with the personal property of such veterans.
Tribute to Disabled American Veterans, by, 13527.
13527; June 16, 1966; In a Senate-wide celebration of the 34th anniversary of the chartering of the Disabled American Veterans, Muskie’s remarks are included along with those of other Senators.
We Hold the Keys to a Better World, Union High School, C. Hardie, 14092
Music Hath charms, Union High School, Z. Hawes, 14092.
Success, Union High School, D. Leonard, 14093.
14092-93; June 23, 1966; Muskie inserts three of the addresses given at the commencement ceremonies at Union High School, Maine, and commends the three essayists on their maturity and high level of educational attainment.
National Eye Institute: establish in National Institutes of Health (see bill S. 3514), 14361.
14361; June 27, 1966; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of S.3514, a Hill (D-Alabama) bill to amend the Public Health Service Act to provide for the establishment of a National Eye Institute in the National Institutes of Health to develop and research new treatments for conditions of the eyes, blinding diseases and visual disorders; and research in the basic and chemical sciences relating to the mechanism of the visual function and preservation of sight.
Girl Called Dottie Writes Letter to her President, M. Roberto, Portland Telegram, 17722.
Brown, Dorothy: War on Poverty experiences of, 17722.
Letter: War on Poverty, exchange of correspondence between D. Brown and President Johnson, 17723.
17722; August 1, 1966; Muskie inserts a letter from a Neighborhood Youth Corps enrollee who visited low income families to sign children up for Head Start and described the conditions in which she saw young children along with President Johnson’s response. Both letters were printed in the Portland Telegram in an article on poverty. Muskie says this letter demonstrates that there is a real need for poverty programs.
Minimum wages: bill (H.R. 13712) to increase and extend coverage of, 20490.
20490; August 24, 1966; During debate on the minimum wage bill, H.R. 12712, when Javits (R-New York) had made the statement that he would not be willing to kill the minimum wage raise over an unrelated amendment having to do with emergency strike laws stemming from an earlier airlines strike, Muskie observed that the twinkle in the eye of Sen. Morse (D-Oregon), to whom Javits was addressing himself, suggested that Morse agreed with Javits. This was the only Muskie intervention in the entire debate.
Maine: literary heritage of, 20566.
Landmarks Along a Literary Trail in Maine, W. C. Roux, New York Times, 20566.
20566; August 25, 1966; Muskie remarks that Maine has a distinguished literary heritage in American letters, and inserts a New York Times article by William C. Roux which discusses the literary landmarks to be found in the state.
College for Unity: Population 983, C. Hotham, Maine Digest, 25887.
25887; October 10, 1966; Muskie makes a brief statement about ten Maine businessmen who pooled resources to start a new college, Unity College, which opened its doors for the first time two weeks earlier with 41 residential students. He inserts the text of an article about Unity College from the Maine Digest. The article notes that the idea arose in part because one of the founders had a son whose grade average of C+ was not high enough to permit admission to any Maine college, but goes on to point out that the creation of the college was also, for the most part, an effort to contribute to economic development in the area.
Unemployment: problem of Negro, 26763.
Graduate Education, Public Service and the Negro, U.S. Cikins, Public Administration Review, 26763.
26763; October 14, 1966; Muskie inserts an article by a former Staff Director of the Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee, Warren I Cikins, about the possibilities and problems inherent in training African Americans to take up positions in public service.
GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS
1966 2nd Session, 89th Congress
Committee on Government Operations, 202, 949, 1623, 2106, 7844, 16379, 27309.
Committee on Government Operations: additional funds for (see S. Res. 174), 204.
Committee on Government Operations: authorize study of intergovernmental relationships by (see S. Res. 205), 949,950.
Committee on Government Operations: authorize studies on efficiency and economy of Government operations and functions by (see S. Res. 218), 1623, 1624.
Report on the 5-Year Record of the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations and its Future Role: print additional copies of (see S. Res. 219), 2106,2107.
Catalog of Federal Aids to State and Local Governments--Second Supplement: print additional copies of (see S, Con. Res. 84), 7844.
202; January 14, 1966, Muskie reports a resolution, S. Res. 174, seeking additional funds for the work of the Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee, $137,000 in place of $129,000.
204; January 14, 1966; Notice only of the Muskie report on S. Res. 174, a resolution seeking additional funding for an investigation of intergovernmental relations by the Government Operations Committee.
949; January 24, 1966; Muskie reports a resolution authorizing a study of intergovernmental relations between the federal government and the states and municipalities.
1623;February 1, 1966; Muskie reports S. Res. 218, an original resolution from the Government Operations Committee, providing an authorization from February 1, 1966 to January 31, 1967, to make studies of the efficiency and economy of the operations of the branches and functions of the government.
2106; February 4, 1966; Muskie requests that the “Report on the 5-year Record of the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations and its Future Role” be printed as a Senate document and that an additional 3500 copies be printed.
2107; This page number is an error. There is no Muskie action reflected on this page.
7844; April 4, 1966; Muskie requests printing of additional copies of Committee Print entitled “Catalog of Federal Aids to State and Local Governments – Second Supplement, January 10, 1966"
16379; July 20, 1966; Muskie reports S.1681, the Uniform Relocation Act from the Committee on Government Operations, Report No. 89-1378.
27309: October 18, 1966; Notice of Muskie reporting H.R.15335, a House bill amending the act entitled “An act to establish a Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations”, on September 24, Report 89-1747.
Intergovernmental relations: improvement of, 2523, 2529, 7601, 14115.
Great Society: economic and social Programs, 2523, 2529.
Federalism and Public Employment. W. B. Graves, 2529.
States as Partners, W. Chapman, Washington Post, 7602.
Changing Governmental Roles in Urban Development, Norman Beckman, at Catherine Bauer Wurster Memorial Public Lectures, 14116-14125.
2523; February 8, 1966; Muskie points out that the variety of programs enacted under the Great Society program will only function well if they are properly implemented at the state and local level, and notes that this increase in programs is another argument for action on the Intergovernmental Cooperation Act, which the Senate has approved but which is still awaiting action by the House.
2529; February 8, 1966; Muskie points out that personnel shortcomings at the state and local level impede efforts to put programs into place so they function properly, points out that his Intergovernmental Relations subcommittee is currently reviewing these facts, and inserts in the record an article by W. Brooke Graves, Specialist in American Government at the Library of Congress entitled “Federalism and Public Employment.”
7601; April 5, 1966; Muskie statement on the growing attention paid to the questions of federalism accompanies an article from the Washington Post called, “The States as Partners -- LBJ wants them to cooperate with federal government but not as little brothers” by William Chapman.
14115; June 23, 1966; Muskie states that the urban unrest of the times is evidence enough that there is need to overhaul and improve the way state, local and federal governments interact to bring citizens what they demand, and inserts an article by the Assistant Director of the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, Norman Beckman at Harvard and MIT on “Changing Government Roles in Urban Development.”
Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations: accomplishments and report by, 3028, 3103.
Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations: legislation to strengthen, 3028.
3028; February 16, 1966; Muskie discusses the minor changes in the reauthorizing legislation for the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. Muskie was the author of the original 1959 law that created the Commission, and this is an extension of that law.
3103; 2/16/66; Muskie discusses the Seventh Annual Report of the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations which focuses on such issues as relocation, and unequal treatment of individuals and businesses, federal-state coordination of personal income taxes, and metropolitan social and economic disparities, i.e. between the central cities and their suburbs.
Committee on Government Operations: resolution (S. Res. 218) to provide funds for study of research and development programs, 3403.
Subcommittee on Government Research, Senator Harris, 3403.
3403; February 17, 1966; Muskie, on behalf of the absent Senator Harris (D-Oklahoma) responds to questions about the intention of Harris, the chairman, in requesting an additional $66,000 and four staff positions for the Subcommittee on Research. Muskie is not a member of the Subcommittee.
Privately owned property in Federal areas. permit State and local taxation of (see bill S. 3000), 4328.
Property taxes: liability of certain persons for payment of 4332,
4328; March 1, 1966; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.3000, a bill to permit states or other duly constituted taxing authorities to subject persons to liability for payment of property taxes on property located in federal areas within such state.
4332; March 1, 1966, Muskie makes his introductory statement about S. 3000, the bill which would apply to about 5000 enclaves of private property on federal land holdings and allow the states to collect property taxes on such property provided that they give the same services to those property holders as to other citizens of the state.
Government: administration on various levels of, 6833-6840, 13228-13234, 19480, 23051, 26507, 26523.
Intergovernmental relations: review of problems, 6833-6840, 13228-13234.
Report: Recommendations by the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, 6840
National Intergovernmental Affairs Council: establish (see bill S. 3509), 13146.
State and local governments: program to assist administration of, 13228-13234, 19480, 23051, 26507, 26524, 27558
National Intergovernmental Affairs Council: establish, 13228-13235.
Analysis: S. 3509, establish National Intergovernmental Affairs Council, 13235.
Report: Federal System as Seen by Federal Aid Officials, Committee on Government Operations (excerpts), 13235.
Coordinating the Great Society, S.K. Bailey, reporter, 13238.
Intergovernmental relations: 19480.
Intergovernmental Relations, Committee on Government Operations, J. W. Macy, 19480.
Manpower Crisis, Committee on Government Operations, by, 19481.
Coordination of Federal Grant-in-Aid Programs, National Legislative Conference, H. Seidman, 23051.
Pamphlet: Grassroots Good Government Reform. National Civil Service League, 26507.
Coordination for development planning, President Johnson, 26524.
Cooperative Federalism: Intergovernmental Fiscal Aspects, State Budget Officers, D. B. Walker, 27557.
6833; March 25, 1966; Muskie gives lengthy address on intergovernmental relations and federalism, commenting on the administration’s proposals in the area and examines the issues in four discrete areas: conflicts at the metropolitan regional level; federal urban programs; federal anti-poverty programs; and the necessity for better public policy administration.
13238; June 15, 1966; Article from Reporter magazine discusses in detail some of the tensions that have arisen with the glut of new federal aid programs begun under President Johnson. This article is one of a number of items Muskie submitted along with his bill on the National Intergovernmental Council.
13228-13234; June 15, 1966; Muskie gives lengthy remarks discussing the tensions and shortcomings of current efforts of the various levels of government to work effectively together in his introductory remarks on S. 3509, a bill to create a National Intergovernmental Affairs Council in the Office of the President, to advise on intergovernmental relations on the model of the National Security Council or the Council of Economic Advisors.
13146; June 15, 1966; Notice only of Muskie bill introduction of S.3509, a bill to establish a National Intergovernmental Affairs Council to advise the President, based on the National Security Council idea.
19480; August 16, 1966; Muskie describes in some detail the direction in which the Intergovernmental Subcommittee hearings are going, and inserts the testimony of John W. Macy, Chairman of the Civil Service Commission, and his own opening statement at the hearings on the Intergovernmental Personnel Act.
23051; September 19, 1966; Muskie says that the expansion of federal programs that are administered at the state and local level will only be as good as the administrators operating the programs and comments that Harold Seidman, the Assistant Director for Management and Organization at the Budget Bureau has recognized this fact and made it plain through his remarks in Portland, Maine, at the National Legislative Conference.
26507; October 13, 1966; Muskie asserts that the crisis in competence among civil servants at the state and local level is as serious as the issues of patronage and spoils in the Gilded Age, which brought on the current merit-based civil service system, and inserts in the Record a pamphlet called “Grassroots Good Government Reform”, created by the National Civil Service League, the group formed by the reforms of the 1880s.
26523; October 13, 1966; Muskie inserts a memo from President Johnson about coordinating planning at the state and federal level and makes the argument that tensions, confusion and duplication among the different agencies and levels of government have gone uncorrected too long and that attention must be paid to streamlining the system.
27558; (Page is actually 27556): October 19, 1966; Muskie inserts a speech given by David B. Walker, the staff director of the Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee, to the annual meeting of the National Association of State Budget Officers, Honolulu, Hawaii, Sept. 7. The issue is the dollar shortages that face local governments despite rising income nationally and generally prosperous times.
State Legislatures in an Age of Creative Federalism, by, 10780.
10780; May 17, 1966; Mondale (D-Minnesota) inserts a Muskie speech which was given at Arden House, Harriman, New York, during a 4-day session conducted by the American Assembly of Columbia University to discuss federalism.
Retirement of Frank Bane, Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, 11252.
11251, 11252; May 24, 1966; Muskie makes a statement on the retirement of Frank Bane, Chairman of the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations since 1959, and includes a resolution adopted by the Commission commending Bane for his service.
Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1966: enact (see bill S. 3408), 11463.
Federal grant-in-aid programs: legislation to improve the administration of, 11531.
State and local governments: employment crisis, 11531
Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1966: introduction, 11531-11536.
Federal Salary Policy, C. B. Randall, 11532.
Report: Salary Schedules, Case Studies, 11533.
Employment: problems in State and local, 11531-11536.
Text of S. 3408, Intergovernmental Personnel Act, 11537.
Analysis: S. 3408, Intergovernmental Personnel Act, 11539.
11463; May 25, 1966; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.3408, a bill to strengthen intergovernmental cooperation and the administration of grant-in-aid programs, to extend state merit systems to additional programs financed by federal funds, to provide grants for improvement of state and local personnel administration, to authorize federal assistance in training state and local employees, to provide grants to state and local governments for training of their employees and to authorize interstate compacts for personnel and training activities.
11531-11536; May 25, 1966; Muskie makes introductory remarks on S.3408, the Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1966, which he believes is needed to make the Great Society and other federal aid programs work as they were intended to do. He points out that with the increase of non-federal governmental employment to about 8 million, the relationship between federal and other governmental employees is largely an administrative one and that middle management types are needed to properly staff and administer the increased roles of state and local governments.
Kennebec Arsenal property: convey to Maine (see bill S. 3426), 11714.
11714; May 27, 1966; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.3426, a bill to authorize the conveyance of all right, title, and interest of the United States reserved or retained in certain lands heretofore conveyed to the State of Maine. This bill provides for the final conversion of federal property to the state.
Three Challenges to Creative Federalism, Committee of Thirty-Nine, 12085.
12085; June 2, 1966; Boggs (R-Delaware) inserts a copy of the text of a Muskie speech to the Committee of 39 annual awards dinner in Delaware, May 26, 1966, on “Management, Manpower and Money: Three Challenges to Creative Federalism.” The Committee of 39 is described as “a bipartisan group of interested active citizens. It promotes better government in the State of Delaware and has been a considerable force for progress.” The text of Muskie’s speech can be read here.
Committee on Government Operations: notice of hearings, 12343, 17279.
12343; June 6, 1966; Muskie announces that the Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee has scheduled hearings on S.3000, a bill to permit states or other duly constituted tax authorities to subject persons to liability for payment of property taxes on their property located in federal areas within such states under special conditions. Hearings to be held July 12 and 13.
17279; July 27, 1966; Muskie announces that Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee has scheduled hearings on S.3408, a bill to strengthen intergovernmental cooperation and the administration of grant-in-aid programs to extend state merit systems to additional programs financed by federal funds, the Intergovernmental Personnel Act, for August 16 and 17.
How To Modernize America's Cities, H. W. Goldner, Nation's Business, 12649.
12649; June 8, 1966; Muskie makes a brief statement about Mayor Herman W. Goldner, of St. Petersburg, Fla. and inserts an article from Nation’s Business in which the Mayor discusses federalism issues. The Mayor is also a member of the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, on which Muskie also serves.
Program Will Help Local Governments Be More Effective, Washington Report, 12835.
Local governments: modernizing, 12835 12836.
State and local governments: modernizing, 12835, 12836.
12835; June 9, 1966; Muskie makes the point that with the growth of both federal and state level programs plus the increase in federal spending on many state efforts, there is a need to modernize and improve the standing of local governments to enable them to act in areas where state constitutions prohibit it, and he welcomes an effort by the Chamber of Commerce, outlined in an article in the Chamber’s magazine, Washington Report, to explore the problems, possibilities and paths to effective local government. The article is called “New Program will Help Local Governments be More Effective.”
12836; This page reference is an error.
Challenge of Creative Federalism, Saturday Review, by, 15073.
Editorial: Coordinating a Colossus, Wall Street Journal, 15075.
15073; July 11, 1966; Mansfield (D-Montana) inserts an article by Muskie published in the Saturday Review, called “The Challenge of Creative Federalism,” describing what needs to be done to preserve the federal system.
Congress and the Counties, American County Government publication, by, 20019.
20019; August 19, 1966: Senator Ervin (D- North Carolina) inserts a copy of a Muskie speech, “Congress and the Counties: A View from Capitol Hill,” given at the Federal Aid Coordinators’ conference in June in Washington D.C., which was published in the July 1 issue of the National Association of Counties magazine, American County Government.
FTC and Consumer Protection, National Association of Attorneys General, G. P. Gotschall, 24700.
Federal Trade Commission: consumer Protection, 24700.
24700; September 30, 1966; Muskie identifies a speech by the Assistant General Counsel, Gale P. Gotschall, at the Federal Trade Commission as a model example of federal-state relations because Gotschall says the FTC should work with state regulatory bodies on consumer deception cases.
Federalism: problems of, 24709.
Creative Federalism, University of Oregon, W. 0. Colman, 24709.
24709; September 30, 1966; Muskie lauds a speech by William G. Colman, the Executive Director of the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations at a public policy conference in Oregon, which discussed the growing urban problems that demand attention and the fact that state-local expenditure growth of 8% - 9% per annum was not indefinitely sustainable. Muskie has the speech inserted in the Record.
Metropolitan areas: zoning and tax reforms, 25987.
Report: Metropolitan Zoning and Tax Equalization Reforms, National Conference of American Institute of Planners, 25988
25987; October 11, 1966; Muskie statement focuses on the way in which pressure has increased on property taxes as a means of financing local government services, particularly in metropolitan areas, where separate governmental entities can and do compete to siphon off potential tax sources from the other without concern for the overall regional interest. He inserts a paper prepared for the National Conference of the American Institute of Planners, at Portland Oregon, which urges state efforts to reduce this destructive competition.
Cooperative Federalism and the Federal Accountant, by, 26774.
26774; October 14, 1966; Senator Ervin (D-N. Carolina) inserts a Muskie speech to the Federal Accountants discussing what their role should be in improving the operations of interdependent government agencies and levels.
Report: School Board Practices With Those of the District of Columbia Board of Education, by J. L. Draper, A5916.
A5916; November 21, 1966; Muskie inserts a report on commonly accepted school board practices compared with the practices in the District of Columbia, an effort to bring to bear the opinions of professionals on the practice of education in the District.
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, CIVIL RIGHTS, CRIMINAL LAW
1966 2nd Session, 89th Congress
Hogan, Mr. and Mrs. Earl H.: bill (S. 1520) for the relief of, 4118.
La Mountain, Bernard L.: bill (S. 851) for relief of, 4118.
Morse, Mary F.: bill (S. 577) for relief of, 4118.
4118; February 25, 1966; Muskie on behalf of the Majority Leader, Senator Mansfield (D-Montana) makes a unanimous consent request that the Senate concur in House amendments on three private relief bills that have cleared the House and the Senate Committees.
Private bills were more frequently used at this time to rectify unforeseeable problems that periodically arose when agency regulations or limits on agency actions created unfair situations. Persons who were unable for legal reasons to bring suit for redress would request private legislation to carve out an exception to take account of their individual circumstances.
As the administrative flexibility and reach of agencies has expanded over the decades, the need for such private bills has also contracted, although any Senator can introduce a private legislative relief bill whenever a situation arises that seems to call for this solution. Private bills are generally processed by the Judiciary Committee, which seeks to secure administrative relief wherever possible. In that sense, private bills can be seen as a kind of extended casework, where an individual’s claim is pursued by people expert in the field.
In this case, Muskie was making a parliamentary motion to move the bills on behalf of the Majority Leader, a chore the Majority Leader would normally have assumed. They are not Muskie bills.
President and Vice President: provide for direct election of (see S.J. Res. 163), 12343.
12343; June 6, 1966; Muskie is added to the list of cosponsors of S. J. Res. 163, a Bayh (D-Indiana) proposal to amend the Constitution to provide for the direct popular election of the President and Vice President. Muskie had a long-standing interest in reforms of the Electoral College, and over the years sponsored a number of reform proposals including this one, which would have abolished the Electoral College entirely.
Death penalty: abolish under all U.S. laws (see bill S. 3646), 16958.
16958; July 25, 1966; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of a S.3646, a Hart (D-Michigan) bill to abolish the death penalty under all federal laws. The bill was in part a response to the growing international movement to abolish capital punishment, which was then under way and is now largely complete, and also to U.S. public opinion which both the Gallup and Harris polls at this time showed a larger percentage opposed to the death penalty than in favor it. Maine abolished the death penalty in 1887 and Muskie, like most other Maine Senators in modern times, did not support it.
Persons living within Federal areas: require States to provide full rights and privileges to (see bill S. 3721), 19176.
19176; August 12, 1966; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of S.3721, a Javits (R-New York) bill to amend Title 4 of the United States Code to require states to provide substantially the same rights, privileges and services to certain persons within federal areas as to those not living within such areas, as a prerequisite to the right of any state to levy taxes on the persons within these areas. The underlying purpose of the bill was to secure the right of persons who had to pay state income taxes, gas taxes, sales taxes, use taxes but were barred from voting or holding public office and whose children were barred from local schools by local or state laws. There are 5000 federal enclaves, including military bases, forest preserves and national parks in which the rights of residents can be affected.
Poddar, Dinesh K.: bill (S. 2663) for relief of, 19866.
19866; August 18, 1966; Muskie acts as floor manager for a private relief bill granting immediate relative status to an adoptee under the immigration laws. A look at this sample of private legislation being approved provides a representative view of the kinds of circumstances that private relief bills are designed to alleviate.
Ines, Cita R. L,: for relief (see bill S. 3761), 20526.
20526; August 25, 1966; Notice of Muskie introduction of S. 3761, a private bill for the relief of Cita R. Ines. Private bills are commonly used to deal with the idiosyncratic problems that can arise when conflicting requirements of the law affect an individual and the law provides no way to resolve the conflict, or such cases when compensation to a citizen from the government may be warranted but is not actually covered by any existing law. Most private bills arise from constituent casework, where the ability of a Senator’s caseworker staff runs up against limits in the law or lack of legal authority covering the particular circumstances of a given case.
Details of private bills are never published in the Congressional Record. The paperwork justifying a private bill is handled by the Committee of jurisdiction, usually the Judiciary Committee, which reviews the facts and law of the case and determines whether or not to report favorably on it. Private bills were more common in past years; the expansion of federal courts of adjudication and other arbitration mechanisms throughout government leaves fewer persons who have legitimate claims without redress. Additionally, past scandals in which individual Members of Congress were found to be selling their ability to introduce private bills have helped reduce the willingness of Members to introduce private bills.
Federal employees: protect those of executive branch in enjoyment of their Constitutional rights (see bills S. 3703, 3779), 20544, 20839.
20544; August 25, 1966; Muskie is one of cosponsors listed by Ervin (D-North Carolina) in his introductory remarks on S.3703, a bill to protect the employees of the executive branch of the U.S. Government in the enjoyment of their constitutional rights and to prevent unwarranted governmental invasion of their privacy. The thrust of this bill was directed towards government background employment checks which were felt to be too invasive by numbers of potential federal hires.
20839; August 26, 1966; Muskie is listed alongside about one-third of the Senate as a cosponsor of the Ervin (D- North Carolina) bill, S.3779, a bill to protect the employees of the executive branch of the U.S. government in the enjoyment of their constitutional rights and to prevent unwarranted governmental invasions of their privacy, a bill identical to S.3703, with the exception of a penalty fine change from $1000 to $500.
MISCELLANEOUS
1966 2nd Session, 89th Congress
Retirement tribute to Walter L. Reynolds, by, 1277.
Reynolds, Walter L.: tribute, 1278.
1277, 1278; January 27, 1966; Walter L. Reynolds, Chief Clerk and Staff Director of Government Operations Committee retired at the start of the year, and a lengthy commendation by McClellan (D-Arkansas), the Chairman, includes a committee resolution of appreciation for Reynolds, on which Muskie’s name appears, as a member of the Committee. Muskie’s separate remarks on this event are reproduced on p. 1278.
Memorials of legislature: Maine, 2622, 3102, 3514.
2622; February 9, 1966; Senator Smith (R-Maine) asks on behalf of herself and Muskie that the text of the Maine state legislature’s resolution ratifying the succession amendment to the Constitution be printed in the Record.
3102: February 16, 1966; Senator Smith (R-Maine) asks on behalf of herself and Muskie that the text of the Maine State Legislature’s resolution in support of the Vietnam war effort be printed in the Record.
3514; February 21, 1966; Senator Smith (R-Maine) asks on behalf of herself and Muskie that the text of a Joint Resolution passed by the Maine State legislature memorializing the annual convention of the 43rd Infantry Division of World War II be printed in the Record.
Tributes to May Craig (sundry), 3370-3373.
President Johnson's Tribute to May Craig, D. E. Hanson, Portland Telegram, 3370.
3370: February 17, 1966; Muskie makes a brief statement on the retirement of May Craig, a long-time Gannett news reporter who covered Congress for Gannet’s Maine paper. Her retirement was honored by President Johnson and 400 other guests at a reception at the National Press Club, and Muskie inserts tributes to her. May Craig was one of the first female reporters on the national scene who were not relegated to the coverage of “women’s” issues.
McNamara, Pat: retirement, 3880.
3880; February 23, 1966; Muskie makes a statement on the retirement of Senator Pat McNamara (D- Michigan), a two term senator and Chairman of the Public Works Committee on which Muskie served.
McNamara, Pat: eulogy, 9545, 9546.
Salute to Senator McNamara 9545.
9545; May 3, 1966; Muskie joins other Senators in eulogizing Senator Pat McNamara (D-Michigan) upon his unexpected death in April. Senator McNamara had announced his intention of not seeking reelection when his term expired at the end of 1966, but died before the session ended.
Truman, Harry S.: extend Nation's birthday greetings to (see S. Res. 252), 9546, 10064.
9546; May 3, 1966; Muskie is listed as one of many cosponsors of Senate Resolution 252, a leadership resolution to extend to the Honorable Harry S Truman the cordial birthday greetings of the nation upon the occasion of his eighty-second birthday on May 8, 1966. President Truman had been out of office for 14 years, and the rehabilitation his reputation enjoyed in the latter part of the 1970s was still some years away.
10064; May 9, 1966; A separate notice of the cosponsors for the Harry S. Truman birthday greeting resolution includes Muskie as one of the early cosponsors.
Green, Theodore F.: eulogy, 11495.
11495; May 25, 1966; Muskie offers a eulogy to former Senator Theodore F. Green, of Rhode Island, with whom he served for a time and whose office suite, 221 in the Senate Office Building, he occupies.
At this time, the Senate was contained in two buildings, known as the New Senate Office Building and the Senate Office Building. Today these are renamed, respectively, the Dirksen and Russell buildings, after the Senator from Illinois who served as Senate Minority Leader at this time and the Senator from Georgia, who chaired the Armed Services Committee for many years. At this time, however, the buildings were known by their acronyms which were, respectively, N.S.O.B. and S.O.B., signs which once adorned the trash trucks and mail delivery carts around the Senate.
Robertson, A. Willis: birthday tribute, 11595.
11595; May 26, 1966; In a Senate-wide celebration of the 79th birthday of Senator A. Willis Robertson, of Virginia, Muskie says he has enjoyed serving under him as Chairman of the Banking Committee.
Commendation to Senator Robertson, by, 27360.
27360: October 18, 1966; The Committee on Banking and Currency adopts a resolution honoring the work of Senator Robertson, of Virginia, then Chairman, upon his imminent retirement from the Congress. Muskie’s name is listed among other Committee members who signed the resolution. Robertson served as a Congressman from 1933 to 1946, and thereafter as a Senator until he was defeated for renomination in 1966. He is best remembered now as the father of Pat Robertson, who ran for President and in 1987 beat George H. W. Bush, the sitting vice President, in the Iowa straw poll.
POLITICAL, CAMPAIGN REFORM
1966 89th Congress, 2nd Session
Jefferson- Jackson Dinner in Detroit, by, 6955.
6955; March 29, 1966; Hart (D-Michigan) inserts Muskie’s speech at a Jefferson-Jackson Dinner in Detroit. Muskie discusses the Great Society, the purposes of national wealth, and the nation’s engagement in the Vietnam war. Jefferson-Jackson Day is a celebration by the Democratic Party of its historical founders, Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson, and it is common for Senators to give speeches extolling the Party’s vision, history and hopes on this occasion.
SENATE RULES, PROCEDURES, ASSIGNMENTS, HOUSEKEEPING
1966 89th Congress, 2nd Session
Committee on Labor and Public Welfare: reference of legislation to, 1881.
Committee on Foreign Relations: reference of legislation to, 1881.
1881; February 2, 1966; Following the text of a Presidential message on international education and health, Muskie asked that the two drafted bills accompanying the message from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare be referred to the Committees of jurisdiction, Labor and Foreign Affairs.
Senate rules require that each action taken which is not in strict accordance with the rules-set structure for an official day of business be requested by a Senator (usually the Majority Leader) and go forward only if no other Senator objects. Although it seems cumbersome, this is an aspect of Senate organization designed to preserve the right to unlimited debate for each individual Senator. In this instance, Muskie was taking care of this housekeeping chore for the Majority Leader.
2130; February 4, 1966; Muskie is listed on the cloture petition filed on H.R.77, the bill to repeal Taft-Hartley.
2513; February 8, 1966; Muskie is listed on the cloture petition filed on H.R.77, the Taft-Hartley repeal bill.
Cloture is the term used to describe the process by which a filibuster can be ended in the Senate. At the time of this vote, the requirement was that a cloture petition, signed by no fewer than 16 Senators, be presented to the Senate, by being formally presented to the desk where Senate business is filed, and that a cloture vote, a vote on the petition, be held no sooner than 48 hours thereafter. A successful cloture vote in 1966 required the affirmative votes of two-thirds of the Senators in the Chamber at the time, a high hurdle to overcome. Signing a cloture petition was a way for a Senator to indicate stronger-than-average support for a position in favor of or against the pending legislation.
Committee meetings during session: 2191, 2506, 2687, 17390, 19071, 19987.
2191; February 7, 1966; Muskie, acting for Majority Leader Mansfield (D-Montana) asks for unanimous consent that the Senate have a period for the conduct of morning business.
2506; February 8, 1966; Muskie asks unanimous consent that the Subcommittee on Improvements in Judicial Machinery of the Judiciary Committee be permitted to meet during the session of the Senate.
2687; February 9, 1966; Muskie asks unanimous consent that the Committee on Foreign Relations be permitted to meet during the session of the Senate.
17390; July 18, 1966; Muskie requests that the Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights of the Judiciary Committee and the full Committee on Labor and Public Welfare be allowed to meet during the session of the Senate.
19071; August 11, 1966; Muskie asks unanimous consent that the hour of convening the Senate on the following day be changed from 12 noon to 11:00 a.m.
19987; August 19, 1966; Muskie asks unanimous consent that the Interior Committee and an Agriculture Subcommittee be permitted to meet during the session of the senate.
The Senate Rules specify a strict procedure for the conduct of Senate business. Any action to waive an element of procedure must be requested by a Senator and will only be approved by unanimous consent – that is, if no other Senator objects. Routine requests for Committees to meet during a Senate session, or to change the hour of convening, or to continue in “morning business” for a time are routinely granted, so the request is something of a formality. Normally, these requests are made by the Majority Leader of the Senate, who largely controls the Senate’s schedule, but it is common for Leaders to deputize other Senators of their own party to make such requests when they have to be absent from the Senate floor.
At times when the Senate is in the throes of filibuster, however, such requests can be rejected (at the objection of any one Senator) if those filibustering wish to prevent any other work from going forward. The first several requests Muskie makes in the list above were made during a Republican filibuster against repeal of the Taft-Hartley right-to-work provision of labor law, a perennially controversial subject in the Senate.
Committee on Finance: change of reference to legislation to, 2195.
2195; February 7, 1966; Muskie acting for Majority Leader Mansfield (D-Montana) asks that a bill for the relief of the Southwest Gas Equipment Co., be discharged from Judiciary and referred to the Committee on Finance.
Shifting a bill from one Committee to another can be accomplished in the Senate upon request, if unanimous consent is given to the request. Such shifts are not normally requested until both Chairmen of the committees involved have been consulted and agreed to the shift. In this case, it appears that a private bill is being moved to the Finance Committee because the company’s case is best addressed through a modification in tax law, rather than a waiver of agency regulations which the Judiciary Committee normally seeks.
Committee on Rules and Administration: filing of reports by, 2604.
2604; February 9, 1966; Muskie, acting for Majority Leader Mansfield (D-Montana) , asks unanimous consent for the Committee on Rules to file reports during the Senate recess.
The Senate Rules specify a strict procedure for the conduct of Senate business. Any action to waive an element of procedure must be requested by a Senator and will only be approved by unanimous consent – that is, if no other Senator objects. Routine requests for Committees to meet during a Senate session, or to file reports during a Senate recess are routinely granted, so the request is something of a formality. Normally, these requests are made by the Majority Leader of the Senate, who largely controls the Senate’s schedule, but it is common for Leaders to deputize other Senators of their own party to make such requests when they have to be absent from the Senate floor.
Appointed to funeral committee, 9521
9521; May 3, 1966; Muskie is listed as one of the Senate Delegation appointed to represent the Senate and attend the funeral of Senator Pat McNamara of Michigan, who died in April, 1966. Senator McNamara was the Chairman of the Public Works Committee, on which Muskie served, and was generally popular with his colleagues.
Tributes in Senate, 9956, 15258, 15262, 20074, 26774.
9956; May 5, 1966; Following the vote in favor of final passage of the participation sales bill, a bill allowing federal loan assets to be sold, Mansfield (D-Montana) commends Muskie’s floor management of the bill.
15258; 15262: July 12, 1966; Following debate on the Clean Air Act Amendments, Senators congratulate Muskie on his management of the bill.
20074; August 19, 1966; At the close of the debate on the Demonstration Cities bill, Mansfield (D-Montana) compliments Muskie on his management of the measure.
26774: October 14, 1966; Senator Ervin (D-N. Carolina) compliments Muskie on his work as Chairman of the Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee, upon inserting the text of a speech Muskie gave to a gathering of federal accountants.
There is a long tradition of Senatorial eloquence employed in the service of Senatorial comity. In the early years of the new Congress at the end of the 18th century, the use of elaborate courtesies in debate was an element of the effort to prevent physical assaults in the Chamber. Although not always successful, the tradition gradually grew stronger and it has been many years since any member of the Senate physically assaulted another. The tradition is maintained through elaborate verbal celebrations of landmarks in each Senator’s career by other Senators. Successful passage of legislation, birthdays, anniversaries, consecutive vote counts, as well as retirements and deaths are all occasions when Senatorial colleagues offer up statements of congratulations, regret, and respect to each other. It is this tradition, among other factors, which contributes to the frequent description of the Senate as being the “world’s most exclusive club.”
Senate: extension of time for legislation to lie on desk, 11000.
11000; May 19, 1966; Muskie asks in behalf of Bayh (D-Indiana) that the Constitutional Amendment for the direct election of the President, just introduced, be allowed to lie at the desk so Senators can add their names as cosponsors. Normally this request is made by the Senator introducing the bill, but when the author is forced to be absent, a colleague can make the request in his behalf. Today, most cosponsorship requests are handled by paper, and bills are no longer required to lie at the Senate desk in order to be cosponsored.
Appointed conferee, 19255, 19752, 20037, 24806, 25512, 25521, 27279.
19255; August 12, 1966; Muskie is named as a conferee on the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1966, S.3155.
19752; August 17, 1966; Muskie is named as a conferee on the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1966, S.3700.
20037; August 19, 1966; Muskie is named as a conferee on the Highway Safety Act, S.3052.
24806: October 3, 1966; Muskie is named as a conferee on S.2947, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
25512; October 6, 1966; Muskie is named as a conferee on S.3112, the Clean Air Act Amendments.
25521; October 6, 1966; Muskie is named as a conferee on S.3158, the Financial Institutions Supervisory Act of 1966.
27279: October 17, 1966; Muskie is appointed a conferee on S.3708, the Demonstration Cities bill.
Because both Houses of Congress must agree on all elements of a bill before it can be placed before the President to be signed into law, temporary committees of conference are created to meet and iron out differences in the two versions of the bill as passed by each House. Conferees are usually chosen from the Senators who serve on the Committee which has jurisdiction over a bill. Service on a conference committee can be extremely significant to the final shape that a law takes. As this list indicates, Muskie often served as a conferee on issues ranging from pollution control to urban renewal.
Designated Acting President pro tempore, 21813, 23801, 25067
21813; September 6, 1966; Muskie is designated to perform the duties of Carl Hayden as Acting President pro tempore.
23801; September 26, 1966; Muskie is designated to perform the duties of the chair.
25067; October 4, 1966; Muskie is designated to perform the duties of the chair.
The Constitution provides that the Vice President shall be President of the Senate but that the Senate may choose a President Pro Tempore to serve in the absence of the Vice President. The choice of the President Pro Tempore has over the years come to be the longest-serving Senator of the majority party. It is a common practice to delegate the duties of the President Pro Tempore to a junior Senator of the majority party when necessary. The principal such duty is to preside over the Senate.
Committee of conference, 26808, 27244.
26808: October 14, 1966; Muskie brings the conference report on the Clean Air Act Amendments to the floor.
27244; October 17, 1966; Muskie brings the conference report on the clean water bill to the floor.
BUDGET, TAXES, FISCAL POLICY
1966 2nd Session, 89th Congress
Income tax: deduct additions to reserve for certain guaranteed debt obligations from (see bill S. 2969), 3821.
3821; February 23, 1966; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of S. 2969, a McIntyre (D-New Hampshire) bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code to allow a deduction for additions to a reserve for certain guaranteed debt obligations. This bill was an attempt to settle a dispute between the courts and the Internal Revenue Service which, in the face of judicial opinions to the contrary, insisted on its own reading of the law and continued to contest deductions taken for additions to debt reserves.
Credit needs: promote private financing of (see bill S. 3283), 9018.
9018; April 27, 1966; Notice of Muskie introduction of S.3283, a bill to promote private financing of credit needs and to provide for an efficient and orderly method of liquidating financial assets held by federal credit agencies. This was the Participation Sales Act of 1966, which was intended to pool federal credit program assets and allow shares in the pool to be purchased by private parties, much as mortgage loans are pooled and resold.
Committee on Banking and Currency, 9300, 15068, 18634.
9300; 4/28/66; Banking committee reports out with minority and individual views, on the Participation Sales Act, S.3283, a bill to promote private financing of credit needs and to provide for an efficient and orderly method of liquidating financial assets held by federal credit agencies.
The Johnson Administration sought to create pools of federal loan assets for sale in private capital markets as a means of maintaining federal loan programs without tying up federal resources during loan repayment terms.
List: Loans for Federal credit programs, 9593, 9594
Letter: financing REA loans, Senator Robertson, by C. L. Schultze 9594.
Table: dealer quotes on FNMA participation certificates, 9598.
Federal credit agencies: bill (S. 3283) to promote private financing of credit needs and method of liquidating financial assets of, 9591-9601, 9926, 9929-9932, 9934-9939, 9943-9952, 9955, 9956, 11043, 11045-10529, 11184, 11186-11190.
Table: Yields on selected issues of securities, 9597.
Letter: Support for Participation Sales Act of 1966, sundry veteran organizations, 9601, 9602
Farmers Home Administration: loans, 9946, 9948, 9951, 11184.
Federal credit agencies: amend bill (S. 3283) to promote private financing of credit needs and method of liquidating financial assets of, 9944, 9955.
Report: Explanation of Differences Between Senate and House Versions of Participation Sales Act, 11043.
Table: sale of financial assets (1953-1960) 11186.
Eisenhower, Dwight D.: assets sales program under, 11187.
Report: H.R. 6009, To Provide Increases in Public Debt Limit, House Ways and Means Committee, minority report, 11187.
Statement: Advantages of Participation Sales Over Direct Sales of Loans, Treasury Department, 11189
Comparison of Costs of Direct Loan Sales With Participation Sales, Treasury Department, 11190
The Participation Sales Act of 1966 was a proposal to bundle together pools of federal loan assets and to sell shares (then called “participations”) in them. The proposal was attacked by Republicans as an underhanded way to avoid raising the national debt limit and thus disguise the true cost of the federal government by making the federal deficit appear smaller. Muskie’s argument was that because the direct loans made by government were treated as expenditures in the year they occurred, even though they were eventually repaid, there was nothing misleading about treating the sale of shares in these loan assets as credits, when they occurred. Muskie made the additional point that the federal budget never had reflected all actuarial debts of the federal government (such as future pension liabilities).
This debate was mostly a partisan one, and reflected the enduring difficulty of dealing with the federal credit budget at a time when the unified budget statement was not yet the practice.
9591; May 3, 1966; Muskie opens debate on S. 3283, the bill to provide for the sale of shares in federal loan assets and debates opponents’ claims that this is a means of hiding annual operating costs by showing a lower deficit figure. He cites a letter from Charles Schultze, Director of the Budget Bureau, which exempts Rural Electrification Administration loans from the act, in response to McGovern (D-S. Dakota), inserts two letters from the DAV and the VFW supporting the bill to demonstrate that the bill poses no problem for GI housing loans.
9936- 9939; 9945-9956; May 5, 1966; Debate on S.3283 continues; Muskie explains that since most of the loan assets contain some kind of government guarantee or insurance, they are best compared with direct loan sales, where there is also a continuing risk to government. Muskie points out that for loan assets to be included in the pool, individual authorizing committees would have to write individual authorizations for such sale, that the bill does not include low-interest or soft loans, such as foreign debts and rural electrification loans, which have been excluded from the bill. Debate also contains complaints from Republicans that there was simply not enough time to consider the bill properly before it reached the floor. The bill is passed.
11043, 11045; May 19, 1966; Muskie explains the changes made by the House in S. 3283, the Participation Sales Act, and responds to charges by Williams (R- Delaware) that the Administration may have tried to slip something through under the radar.
10529: This page reference is in error. The debate from 11045 continues to 11046, but does not skip backward to p. 10529.
11187; May 23, 1966; Senate debates the Conference report on S.3283, the Participation Sales Act, with Republicans claiming that the entire program is a ruse to hide the size of the deficit and Muskie pointing out that the Eisenhower Administration did exactly the same thing.
Income tax: allow business development corporations to deduct additions to bad debt reserves from (see bill S. 3557), 23102.
23102; September 20, 1966; Muskie is added as a cosponsor of a Sparkman (D-Alabama) bill, S.3557, to amend the Internal Revenue Code with respect to the tax treatment of bad debt reserves of business development corporations. Business Development Corporations were a form of organization which first appeared in Maine in 1949, and at this time were operating in 18 states. The function of Business Development Corporations was to extend loans to businesses which could not qualify for available commercial credit from regular credit sources. The Internal Revenue Code did not specifically address the particular nature of Business Development Organizations’ operations and this bill was an effort to address that situation.
TRADE, EXPORT SUBSIDIES, TARIFFS
1966 2nd Session, 89th Congress
World trade: monetary reserves relative to, 1663.
International monetary system: reform, 1663.
1663: February 1, 1966; Muskie makes a brief statement commending the Administration for its efforts to develop agreement with Europe on monetary reform so as to create deeper credit availability and preserve the conditions which permit trade growth and expansion.
Tariff Act of 1930: amend relative to manufacture or production in Insular possessions (see bill S. 2911), 2598.
2598; February 9, 1966; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of a S. 2911, a Talmadge (D-Georgia) bill that would amend Sec. 301 of the Tariff Act, the unfair trade practices provision. There is no explanation of the Talmadge bill.
Agricultural commodities: amend bill (S. 2933) promote International trade in, 4333
4333; March 1, 1966; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of a Bartlett (D-Alaska) amendment (No. 485) to the bill, S.2933, to promote international trade in agricultural commodities, to combat hunger and malnutrition, to further economic development.
Import duty reductions: require congressional approval to international agreements for (see S. Con. Res. 83). 6895.
6895; March 29, 1966; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of Concurrent Resolution 83, a Ribicoff (D-Connecticut) resolution to express the sense of Congress on agreements reducing the duties on imported articles under certain conditions. The resolution was a reaction to the Automotive Products Agreement with Canada, in which tariff rates were changed administratively, rather than under the authority of the 1962 Trade Expansion Act. The resolution would have disapproved any tariff alteration made before the June, 1967, and was intended to send a warning signal that Congress would not allow unilateral tariff or valuation changes outside the scope of the Trade Expansion Act.
Fabrics containing wool and silk: amend rates of duty on (see bill S. 3865), 23858
23858; September 27, 1966; Muskie is a cosponsor of S. 3865, a Talmadge (D-Georgia) bill which would amend the Tariff Schedules of the United States with respect to the rates of duty on certain fabrics containing wool and silk. Italy had been greatly expanding its wool-ramie exports in these years and Muskie joined other Senators with textile interests in their states to respond to this flood of imports.
HOUSING, URBAN RENEWAL, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
1966 2nd Session, 89th Congress
Downtown Progress and Future of Washington, by, 1907.
1907; February 2, 1966; Senator Mondale (D-Minnesota) inserts the text of a speech given by Muskie to the annual meeting of Downtown Progress, Inc., in Washington D.C., January 31, 1966, in which Muskie talks about the newly formed Council of Governments in the region, and about urban development and its goals.
Editorial: Progress in Building Codes, B. F. Hillenbrand, American County Government 3846.
Resolution: building code reform, National Association of Counties,23018.
Resolution: building code reform, Conference of Mayors, 23018.
3846; February 23, 1966; Muskie inserts an article from American County Government, the magazine of the National Association of Counties, which supports the attention paid by the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations to the need to modernize building codes and to better align code responsibilities at all levels of government. The article is by Bernard H. Hillanbrand, the magazine editor, and is entitled, “Progress in Building Codes – at Last”
23017, 23018; September 19, 1966; Muskie announces that two organizations which represent local governments have adopted resolutions calling for modernization of building codes, and inserts in the Record a text of the Resolution adopted by the U.S. Conference of Mayors and a portion of the American County platform dealing with the same subject matter.
Housing: rent supplement program, 9092.
Appropriations: bill (H.R. 14012) making supplemental, 9092.
9092; April 27, 1966; During debate on the Second Supplemental Appropriation, H.R.14012, an amendment to eliminate the funds to begin the new rent supplement program is debated. Muskie comments on the changes made in the rental subsidy provision in the housing bill when Congress approved it, and states his support for retaining it. This program was strongly criticized in 1965, and Muskie was one of its chief proponents in that debate.
Urge Unconditional Funding of Rent Supplement Program, by, 9095.
9095: April 27, 1966; During debate on the Second Supplemental Appropriation, H.R.14012, Sen Clark inserts in the Record a copy of a joint statement by Senators, including Muskie, opposed to the House’s action in making rental units eligible for rent subsidy subject to a local veto, which would allow localities to locate subsidized rentals in undesirable places and continue the existing problems with low-income housing.
Slums and blighted areas: assist city demonstration programs for rebuilding (see bill S. 3708), 18634.
18634; August 9, 1966; Muskie reports an original bill, S.3708, the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966, from the Committee on Banking, Report 89-1439.
The work of shaping legislation is done in the Committees of the Congress. Under Senate rules, a bill cannot normally come to the floor to be debated and voted upon until the Committee of jurisdiction has issued a report on it. When a committee reports an “original” bill, as in this case, it is usually a measure freshly created in the Committee but comprising elements from a range of other proposals.
Independent offices and Department of Housing and Urban Development: amend bill (H.R.14921) making appropriations for, 18909.
18909, August 10, 1966; During debate on the Housing and Urban Development appropriation, H.R.14921, Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of a Clark (D-Pennsylvania) amendment to fund the Community Development Training Programs which had been included without controversy in the 1964 housing bill but which had subsequently never been funded by the appropriations committees. The Clark amendment would have provided $5.1 million. Magnuson (D-Washington), who chaired the appropriations subcommittee, objected on the grounds that this was a matching grant and only a couple of states had taken the initiative to develop a program to which the funding match could apply so, after debate, the amendment failed 40-45.
Housing and urban development: bill (S. 3711) to amend and extend laws relating to, 19058, 19060-19064, 19068-19071, 19235, 19237-19242.
Riots: Aid for innocent victims of, l9058.
Education: college housing, 19235, 19237-19240.
College housing: programs, 19235, 19237-19240.
Weaver, Robert C., housing statement of, 19240.
19058; August 11, 1966; During the opening debate on the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1966, S.3711, Muskie, acting as one of the managers, accepts a Kuchel (R-California) amendment to allow the Federal Housing Administration to insure mortgage loans in areas which have been subject to rioting and urban violence because private banks have effectively red-lined such districts, making mortgages unobtainable.
19060-19064: August 11, 1966; During debate on the housing bill, Javits (R-New York) asks why housing produced by limited dividend housing corporations, cooperatives and New York’s Mitchell Lama housing program is not eligible for the rental supplement program. Muskie says the Committee was wary of reopening the rental supplement issue because it invites damaging amendments. Javits then asks why low-income mortgage money is not available through FHA for cooperative housing ventures, that the Federal Housing Administration had discretion to cover such housing, but has ignored clear Congressional intent that it move forward. Javits makes the further point that all of the coops and other corporate entitities he is describing are private, not public housing entities, organized under state law for bond issuing purposes, and on that basis, Muskie accepts the Javits amendment to include these kinds of entities in the rental supplement program.
Muskie engages in discussion with Kennedy on certain historic preservation provisions of the bill, Magnuson makes a plea for budgetary and fiscal order, so that appropriations would not be subject to continuous after-the-fact tinkering with authorizing legislation, and Ribicoff asks if the conference fails to increase funds for museum grants whether the specific projects he has asked funding for will be considered instead.
19068-19071; August 11, 1966; Debate on the housing bill continues. Muskie accepts an Allott amendment to look into the cost of privately built housing which is then sold to the federal government (mostly for troop housing), agrees to take to conference a series of rural assistance amendments proposed by Mondale, discusses with Kennedy an administrative determination about the size of an urban renewal district as defined, and agrees to postpone debate on a Javits amendment to add $300 million for 3 years for college housing.
19235; 8/12/66; Debate on the housing bill resumes, including the Javits (R-New York) college housing amendment. Muskie and Javits dispute the availability of funds for college housing, and following debate, the Javits amendment is approved, 35-31. Muskie engages in colloquy with Allott over leasing versus construction of public housing and the testimony of HUD Secretary, Robert Weaver, and explains what the leasing authority in the bill is intended to provide.
Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act: bill (S. 3708) to enact, 19866-19870, 19884, 19885, 19887, 20026-20030, 20034, 20037-20039, 20043-20045, 20048, 20049, 20062, 20063, 20074, 27357
Table: 49 Federal grant-in-aid programs likely to form core of city demonstration program activities, 19871-19883.
List: Organizations in favor of demonstration cities program, 20026.
Modest Proposal, S. Alsop, Washington Post (series), 20027.
Table: sources of funds for city demonstration program, 20049, 20050
19866-19870; August 18, 1966; Senate begins debate on S.3708, the Demonstration Cities bill, with Muskie making introductory remarks on the bill. He begins debate with Tower (R-Texas) who is opposed to the bill and wants to make the program a much smaller demonstration pilot program. Muskie’s remarks and the beginning of this debate can be read here.
19871-19883; August 18, 1966; During debate on Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act, Muskie inserts a table covering all of the assistance programs, from health to environment to education, for which cities are eligible and listing the purpose, eligibility standards, amount of money, local matching requirements, and the apportionment formula for each.
20026-20030: August 19, 1966; Debate on the Demonstration Cities bill continues the following day. Muskie inserts two columns by Joseph Alsop, which assert that as schools become desegregated, they also become dreadful schools, causing white families to leave for the suburbs and suggest that this cause of urban blight be counterattacked by making urban schools substantially better than suburban ones. Muskie says the Tower Amendment would kill the entire proposal, and he and other Senators debate issues of urban blight and white flight. Excerpts from the debate may be read here.
20074: August 19, 1966; At the close of debate, Senator Mansfield (D-Montana) compliments Muskie on his handling of the bill.
27357; October18, 1966; In debate on the conference report on S.3711, the housing bill, and S.3708, the Demonstration Cities Act, Muskie describes how the differences in the House- and Senate-passed versions of the bill have meant some elements of S.3708 had to be excluded. In this instance, the Senate passed two bills, the housing bill, S.3711 and the Demonstration Cities bill, S.3708. The House combined both programs into one bill and passed that. As a result, smaller elements of the Demonstration Cities bill – which the House had accepted without change – could not be brought up in conference and had to be dropped entirely. This is an example of how House and Senate rules can lead to an outcome that neither body actually wants.
Urban Problems, Kent State University, by, 24759.
24759; October 3, 1966; Senator Young (D-Ohio) inserts a Muskie speech to the Second Annual Conference on Urban Regionalism, at Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, September 20, on urban problems and the roles of governments in seeking to meet them.
Urban America Conference, Vice President Humphrey, 25456.
Humanizing the American City, Urban America Conference, R. C. Weaver, 25457.
Our People and Their Cities. Urban America Conference, J.K. Galbraith, 25458.
Our People and Their Cities, Urban America Conference, S. R. Currier, 25460
25456-25461; October 6, 1966; Muskie reproduces all the major speeches made at the Urban America Conference, which was held in Washington D.C. September 11-13. They include speeches by the Vice President, Housing Secretary Robert Weaver, John K. Galbraith, and the President of Urban America, Stephen R. Currier.