1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ENTRIES

ECONOMY, COMMERCE, AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES

1967 1st Session, 90th Congress

Vessel Ocean Delight: authorize U.S. registry with coastwise privileges (see bill S.10),190.

Vessel Eugenie II: authorize U.S. registry with full coastwise privileges (see bill S. 111), 192.

190; January 11, 1967; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor, with Senator Smith (R-Maine), of S. 10, a bill to authorize and direct the Secretary of the Treasury to cause the vessel Ocean Delight, owned by Saul Zwecker of Port Clyde, Maine, to be documented as a vessel of the United States with coastwise privileges.

192; January 11, 1967; Notice only of Muskie’s introduction of S.111, a bill to authorize and direct the Secretary of the Treasury to cause the vessel Eugenie II, owned by J.C. Strout, of Milbridge, Maine, to be documented as a vessel of the United States with full coastwise privileges.

Although both these bills, S.10 and S. 111, were introduced on the first day of the Senate session, they carry numbers 101 digits separated, because of the numerous bill introductions on the first day of a session, when members rush to introduce bills they have promised to introduce and when bills not enacted in the prior two years are again introduced in the hope they may prove more successful in the forthcoming session.

At this time, the law required Congress to grant its assent to the chartering of private pleasure vessels. Commercial vessels, such as fishing boats, were routinely chartered by the Coast Guard. Private, non-commercial boat owners had to request such legislation from their representatives in the Congress. Because this was routine private legislation, neither Muskie nor Smith made introductory remarks, as would be normal for a public legislative bill.

Today the Coast Guard has regulations in place that permit the chartering of private recreational vessels without the need for Congressional intervention. At the time Muskie was sponsoring bills such as this, recreational boating was a much more limited leisure activity than it is today.

Public lands: authorize conveyance of certain (see bill S.108), 192.

192; January 11, 1967; Notice only of a Muskie introduction of S.108, a bill to authorize the conveyance of all right, title and interest of the United States reserved or retained in certain lands heretofore to the State of Maine. There is no introductory statement on this bill. The language is boilerplate for the reversion of military base and other federal property to the state in which it is located.

Second- and third-class bulk mailing rate: extend to volunteer fire companies (se bill S. 218), 297.

297; January 12, 1967; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor on a Boggs (R-Delaware) bill, S.218, to allow volunteer fire companies to use the same lower rates of postage on second-class and third-class bulk mailings as were available to other kinds of nonprofit organizations.

Vessel Cap'n Frank: document as U.S. vessel with coastwise privileges (see bill S. 1494), 9215.

9215; April 12, 1967; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.1494, a bill to authorize and direct the Secretary of Transportation to cause the vessel Cap’n Frank, owned by Ernest R. Darling of South Portland, Maine, to be documented as a vessel of the United States with full coastwise privileges. At this time, the law required Congress to grant its assent to the chartering of private pleasure vessels. Commercial vessels, such as fishing boats, were routinely chartered by the Coast Guard. Private, non-commercial boat owners had to request such legislation from their representatives in the Congress. Because this was routine private legislation, Muskie made no introductory remarks, as would be normal for a public legislative bill.

Today the Coast Guard has regulations in place that permit the chartering of private recreational vessels without the need for Congressional intervention. At the time Muskie was sponsoring bills such as this, recreational boating was a much more limited leisure activity than it is today.

Post Office Department: proposed reorganization, 9963.

9963; April 18, 1967; Muskie comments on Postmaster Lawrence O’Brien’s request to abolish his job ( as Postmaster General) in favor of a nonprofit governmental corporation, and points out that with all its problems, the U.S. Postal system is still the best in the world. It processes as much mail as the rest of the world combined, yet does so at lower rates and with comparatively fewer workers than other countries.

At this time the Post Office Department was a government agency, the Postmaster General was a member of the President’s Cabinet, and Members of the Congress had patronage over local postmaster positions in their states. Reorganization of the old federal Post Office Department into the U.S. Postal Service did not take place until 1970.

Irish potato futures: prohibit trading on commodity exchanges (see bill S. 1724), 12095.

12095; May 9, 1967; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.1724, a bill to prohibit trading in Irish potato futures on commodity exchanges.

Dream is for Real -- Sugar Beet Processing, Maine Line, 16071

16071; June 15, 1967; Muskie announces that a new agricultural industry has been established in just the prior three years in Aroostook County, the industry of sugar beet processing. He says the refinery at Easton is symbolic of what can be achieved with a federal-state-local partnership working together. He inserts the text of a report from “Maine Line”, the publication of the Bangor and Aroostook Railroad on this refinery.

Rural water program: complement and supplement (see bill S.1504), 59685, 18917.

18917; July 17, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of 93 cosponsors of a Mansfield-Aiken bill, S.1504, providing for supplemental farm income loans, grants for community centers, removal of the annual ceiling on insured loans, increases in the amount of unsold insured loans that may be made out of the consolidated FMHA fund, raises in the aggregate annual limits on grants and establishment of a flexible loan interest rate, a bill that would amend the Consolidated Farmers Home Administration Act of 1961. The bill is intended to supplement the Rural Water Facilities Act of 1965.

59685; This page number reflects an error in the Index.

Vessel Kaiulani: guarantee loans to restore and return to United States (see S.J. Res. 101), 21419.

21419; August 4, 1967; Muskie is shown as one of the original cosponsors of S. J. Res. 101, a Bartlett (D-Alaska) joint resolution amending Title XI of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, authorizing the Secretary of Commerce to guarantee loans made to the national Maritime Historical Society for the purpose of restoring and returning to the United States the last surviving American square-rigged merchant ship, the Kaiulani.

Law of the Lobster, E. A. Myers, Maine Digest, 23528

23528; August 22, 1967; Muskie inserts a tongue in cheek article about Maine’s “lobster laws” from the summer issue of Maine Digest magazine. Maine is widely known for its lobster, and Muskie capitalized on that association in many ways. He demonstrated “lobster hypnosis” techniques on television, and often inserted articles such as this one into the Congressional Record.

Dow Air Force Base, Bangor, Maine: use as an auxiliary for transatlantic flights, 23822

Curtis, Kenneth M.: suggested use of Dow Air Force Base by, 23822.

Aviation: use of Dow Air Force Base as an auxiliary for transatlantic flights, 23822.

23822; August 23, 1967; Muskie discusses air traffic concentration on the east coast at Boston and New York and suggests that alternative airports are needed to relieve congestion. He mentions the former Dow Air Force Base facility at Bangor, which no longer operates as a military facility. This base later became the Bangor International Airport.

Economic Development Administration, tribute: 24363.

Public Works and Economic Development Act: review of accomplishments, 24363.

24363; August 28, 1967; Muskie notes the anniversary of the enactment of the Economic Development Act, and describes what the agency has done around the country and in Maine to help create employment and economic growth.

Fisheries industry: provide certain essential assistance to (see bill S. 2426), 25798

25798; September 18, 1967; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor on a Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) bill, S.2426, to provide certain essential assistance to the U.S. fisheries industry. The bill would establish a fisheries extension service modeled on the Agriculture Extension Service, create a program of technical assistance grants, change the fishing fleet subsidy rate to a flat 50 percent, provide for a comprehensive study of state, local and federal regulation of fisheries, expand research into fish protein concentrate, and authorize fish marketing agreements.

Rural areas: halt migration from, 27428.

Report: Study of Balanced Urbanization and New Community Development, Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, 27429.

27428; October 2, 1967; Muskie speaks on the continued thrust of rural to urban migration and points out that the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations has issued a report on the phenomenon and its implications for the creation of new towns.

Planned urban communities have a long history in the U.S. The best known example of a planned city is the Nation’s Capital, Washington D.C., but others, including Philadelphia and the “green” towns of the 1930s, such as Greenbelt, Md., Greendale, Wis., Greenhills, Oh., were also built. In the 1960s, interest in “new towns” revived in response to the very substantial population shifts of the post-war period, which saw millions move from small towns and rural areas to the cities. Planned communities like Reston, Va., Anaheim, Ca., and Columbia, Md., were all begun in the 1960s.

Socio-technological Revolution, Association for Computing Machinery, Senator Baker, 28095

28095; October 6, 1967; Muskie inserts a speech by Senator Baker (R-Tennessee) before the Association for Computing Machinery, about the forthcoming socio-technological revolution which he expected the computing industry to bring about.

Cowseagan Narrows, Maine: construct high level bridge over (see bill S. 2605), 30609

30609; October 31, 1967; Notice only of Muskie’s introduction of S.2605, a bill to provide for the construction by the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, of a high-level bridge over Cowseagan Narrows to connect Wiscasset on the mainland with the northwestern end of the island of Westport, Maine. The bill was referred to the Public Works Committee. Muskie made no introductory remarks on this bill.

ENERGY

1967 1st Session, 90th Congress

Rural electrification and telephone programs: provide supplemental financing for (see bill S.696), 3337.

3337; February 15, 1967; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of S.696, a Cooper (R-Kentucky) bill to amend the Rural Electrification Act of 1936, as amended, to provide additional sources of financing for the rural electrification and rural telephone programs.

Electric power supply: facilitate provision of reliable, abundant, and economical (see bill S. 1934), 15321.

Magnuson, Warren G.: presentation of statement for, 15323.

15321; June 12, 1967; Muskie introduces, on behalf of Senator Magnuson, S.1934, the Electric Power Reliability Act of 1967. This is a bill introduced by request of the Administration to amend the Federal Power Act to facilitate the provision of reliable, abundant and economical electric power supply by strengthening existing mechanisms for coordination of electric utility systems and encouraging the installation and use of the products of advancing technology with due regard for the proper conservation of scenic and other natural resources.

Members of the Senate can act for each other when circumstances make it impossible for a Senator to actually be present on the Senate floor. In this case, Muskie simply made the statement that he was acting on behalf of Senator Magnuson, and asked that the text of Magnuson’s remarks be printed as if read.

 

Gaslight Industry, W.I. Roberts, Nation, 18466

18466; July 12, 1967; Muskie inserts an article on the power needs of New England, which he cites as perceptive about the need for a comprehensive long-range private and public power program for the region.

Dickey-Lincoln School Project, 20112, 28348

Editorial: Dickey-Lincoln School Project, Providence (R.I.) Bulletin, 20112.

Table: average residential electric bills, 28348.

Table: cost of power purchased by manufacturing industries, 28348.

Electric power: development of water resources for, 28348.

Public works: bill (H.R. 11641) making appropriations, 28348-28351, 31528, 31529, 32092, 32093.

Water Pollution Controls, Committee on Appropriations, by, 28351, 28352.

28349-28353; 31528-31529; 32092-32093

20112; July 25, 1967; Muskie inserts an editorial from the Providence, R.I., Evening Bulletin, endorsing the Dickey-Lincoln hydro plan for its cost-effectiveness compared with other hydro plans approved around the country.

28348; October 10, 1967; During debate on the Public Works and Atomic Energy Commission Appropriations of 1968, H.R.11641, Muskie speaks about the development of water resources, emphasizing the fact that federally funded public power projects in every other region of the country have helped lower consumer and business electric rates while the lack of such power facilities in New England has left the New England region paying the country’s highest electrical prices. This bill included $1,676,000 to begin planning work for the Dickey-Lincoln federal power project.

31528, 31529; November 7, 1967; In the course of debate on the Public Works Appropriations bill, the House rejected funding for Dickey-Lincoln. When the Public Works Appropriations bill was reported from the conference committee which met to reach a compromise between the Senate- and House-passed versions, the House voted first, and refused to accept a compromise on the Dickey-Lincoln money. In the action reflected here, the Senate adds $875,000 (half the original amount) for the Dickey-Lincoln project in order to return the bill to the House for a second consideration.

32092-32093; November 9, 1967; During discussion of the Public Works Appropriations bill, the Senate decides to recede from its position on the Dickey-Lincoln funding issue so that the bill may be passed and the other funds in the bill made available. The moves and counter moves of the Senate and House are detailed, and Muskie regretfully agrees that it is not possible to gain House approval of the funds at this time.

A conference committee is the normal mechanism for resolving differences in the versions of bills passed in the Senate and the House. A conference committee is made up of Members of both bodies, and its report, embodying the compromises reached, must then be approved by each House again before the bill can be sent to the President for his signature. When the conference report cannot be passed by either the House or Senate because some provision is opposed by a majority in either chamber, each House has the opportunity to make a counter-offer to the other chamber by voting to send back an “amendment in disagreement”, a kind of amended conference report. The amendment in disagreement is then voted upon. If the disagreeing chamber still rejects it, the only alternative is for the other body to “recede” from its insistence upon the amendment or to jettison the entire bill.

Because appropriations bill generally fund numerous projects and programs, they are among the bills least likely to be killed because of a difference of opinion between the two Houses.

Dickey-Lincoln School Project: tribute to Morgan Dubrow's efforts, 29670.

Dubrow, Morgan, 29670,

Dubrow, Father of Dickey, D. Larrabee, Portland Telegram, 29670

29670; October 23, 1967; Muskie inserts an article from the Portland Telegram highlighting Morgan Dubrow and the work he did to help bring about a project for generating hydroelectric power at the Dickey-Lincoln site.

Maine Oil and Heating Equipment Dealers Association, Senator Metcalf, 29679

29679; October 23, 1967; Muskie inserts a Metcalf (D-Montana) speech to the Maine Association of Oil and Heating Equipment Dealers on the subject of multipurpose water conservation projects by the federal government.

Is Low Cost Power Too Costly in other Human Values? C. R. Ross, 20075

Electric power: national policy, 30075.

Role of Public Power in National Power Policy, A. Radin, 30076.

Dickey-Lincoln School Project: funds for, 30075, 31528, 31529, 31590, 32092, 32093.

20075; This page number is a misprint. The correct page number is 30075.

30075; October 25, 1967; Muskie inserts a speech by Charles R. Ross, a Commissioner on the Federal Power Commission, at the Federal Bar Association fall conference in Washington D.C. Muskie points out that Ross is raising precisely those environmental questions which delayed the authorization for the Dickey-Lincoln project in order to protect elements of the Allagash watershed.

30076; October 26, 1967; Muskie inserts a speech by Alex Radin, general manager of the Public Power Association, to the Federal Bar Association’s fall convention in Washington D.C. on the issue of the Role of Public Power in a Modern National Power Policy.

31528; 31529; November 7, 1967; During Senate debate on the conference report on H.R.11641, the Public Works and Atomic Energy Commission Appropriations bill, the Senate acts to insist on its inclusion of $875,000 in planning funds for Dickey Lincoln after the House version of the bill did not preserve the sum. Muskie’s statement fingers the private power companies’ lobbying efforts for this outcome.

32092, 32093; November 9, 1967; In continuing debate on H.R.11641, the Public Works and Atomic Energy Commission Appropriations conference report, the Senate ultimately recedes on the Dickey Lincoln amendment when conferees report that the House is absolutely adamant on the Dickey-Lincoln funding. Muskie makes a statement expressing his disappointment and says he will be back to fight this battle the following year.

State Utility Commissions: print as Senate document (see S. Res. 182), 30125.

30125; October 26, 1967; Muskie submits S. Res. 182, authorizing the printing of two thousand four hundred additional copies of a report of the Committee on Government Operations of the 90^th Congress entitled “State Utility Commissions,” a study submitted by the Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee.

Memorandum: funds to complete studies for Dickey-Lincoln School project, Committee on Appropriations, A. A. Cree, analysis prepared by Federal Power Commission, 31590.

Letter: Dickey-Lincoln School project (sundry), 31590, 31594, 31598, 31599

Dickey-Lincoln School Project: economic feasibility 31590, 31594-31598, 31600, 31601.

Report: Federal Power Commission confirms Dickey-Lincoln project, 31594.

Table: per capita distribution of public works authorizations, 31601.

31590 - 31601: November 7, 1967; After the House rejected the funding to begin the environmental study of the Dickey-Lincoln project, Muskie undertook to set out the record of what he described as misleading lobbying that led to the vote. His statement lays out his indictment of the private power industry in Maine and New England, and he includes materials supplied by the Federal Power Commission to illustrate his points about the industry’s lobbying campaign.

How To Reduce Utility Overcharges, by Senator Metcalf, 36199.

36199; December 13, 1967; Muskie inserts a Metcalf (D-Montana) speech to the Consumers’ Assembly in Washington D.C. on the issue of whether private power companies actually practice competitive economics or whether their monopolistic attributes in fact give them a greater resemblance to unaccountable governmental agencies.

St. John River Hydroelectric Project, by, 37391.

Dickey-Lincoln School Hydroelectric Project, by (sundry), 37429.

37391; December 15, 1967; (in Extensions of Remarks); Rep. Robert T. Stafford of Vermont inserts the text of a Muskie speech to the New England Association of Electric Co-Ops, on the issue of the Dickey Lincoln project, which describes its purpose as part of the New England power infrastructure.

37429; December 14, 1967; Senator Metcalfe (D-Montana) inserts the same Muskie speech to the New England Association of Electric Co-Ops on the issue of Dickey Lincoln.

ENVIRONMENT, PARKS, HISTORIC PRESERVATION, WILDLIFE

1967 1st Session, 90th Congress

National Water Commission: establish (see bill S.20), 190.

190; January 11, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors on a Jackson (D-Washington) bill, S.20, to create a commission and provide for a comprehensive review of national water resource problems and programs.

Electrically powered vehicles: authorize program of research and development for (see bill S. 453), 583.

583; January 17, 1967; Muskie is listed with Magnuson (D-Washington) as an original cosponsor of S.453, a bill to authorize a program of research, development, and demonstration projects for electrically powered vehicles.

Air pollution: authorize study of means of propelling vehicles so as not to contribute to (see bill S. 451), 612.

Air pollution: authorize study of means of propelling vehicles so as not to contribute to, 612.

Automobiles: pollution control devices, 612,

Text of S. 451, study means of propelling vehicles to reduce air pollution, 612.

583; January 17, 1967; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.451, a bill to amend the clean air act in order to authorize an investigation and study to determine means of propelling vehicles so as not to contribute to air pollution.

612; January 17, 1967; Muskie makes introductory remarks on S. 451, his bill to help develop some alternative non-polluting source of vehicle propulsion. He notes that while he supports another bill to authorize research into an electrically-powered automobile, the principal thrust of his measure is to help reduce air pollution by whatever alternative source of power.

Committee on Technology and Human Environment (Select) : establish (see 8 Res. 68), 1492, 1509.

Committee on Technology and the Human Environment (select) : establish, 1508

Scientific and technological knowledge: more effective utilization of, 1508.

Text of S. Res. 68, to establish Select Committee on Technology and the Human Environment, 1509.

1492; January 25, 1967; Notice only of Muskie introduction of a resolution, S. Res. 68, to create a Select Committee on Technology and the Human Environment. Select and Special Committees are created by the Senate to serve a particular purpose. They have no legislative jurisdiction. Any change in law that might arise from their work is written in the regular standing Committee with jurisdiction over the subject-matter. Select Committees are often created for the purpose of carrying out one discrete task and are then abolished. There is no substantive difference between a Select and a Special Committee.

1508; January 25, 1967; Muskie makes his introductory remarks on the introduction of S. Res. 68, a resolution identical to the 1966 Resolution 298, to create a Select Committee on Technology and the Human Environment. Muskie’s remarks on introduction can be read here.

Water pollution: funds for control needs, 1609, 1610.

Table: needs of municipal waste treatment facilities, 1609.

1609; January 25, 1967; Muskie discusses the shortcomings of the President’s budget in terms of water pollution control needs, and includes a table of municipal waste treatment facilities needs compared with the federal share and the federal allotment to assorted states for their cities compared with the amount budgeted to cover that allotment.

Johnson, Lyndon B., message on protecting our natural heritage, 1938.

Pollution: attack on air, 1938, 1941, 1942.

Setting Goals for Clean Air, National Conference on Air Pollution, by, 1939.

1938; January 30, 1967; Muskie comments on President Johnson’s message on the environment and discusses the Air and Water Subcommittee’s plans for field hearings later in the year, and Senator Randolph (D-West Virginia) inserts a Muskie speech on air pollution, while Senator Clark (D-Pennsylvania) inquires about the possibilities of field hearings in Pennsylvania.

Air pollution: establish regional commissions and standards for (see bill S. 780), 1978.

1978; January 31, 1967; Notice only of Muskie introduction of bill, S.780, to amend the Clean Air Act to improve and expand the authority to conduct or assist research relating to air pollutants, to assist in the establishment of regional air quality commissions, to authorize establishment of standards applicable to emissions from establishments engaged in certain types of industry, and to assist in establishment and maintenance of state programs for annual inspects of automobile emission control devices.

Clean Air Act: amend to improve and expand, 1996.

Text of S. 780, Air Quality Act, 1996.

Pollution: legislation to control air, 1996, 8573, 8574, 17658, 19164-19174, 32079, 32475-32477.

Air Pollution Control, Citizens for Clean Air in New York, Senator R. F. Kennedy, 17658.

Air Quality Act of 1967: bill (S. 780) to enact, 19164-19174, 26308, 32079, 32475-32477, 32479.

1996; January 31, 1967; Muskie makes a statement on the introduction of S. 780, the clean air bill, along with a text of the bill itself. The bill is designed to implement the President’s clean air goals, and Muskie’s statement limits itself to a brief discussion of hearings to be held on clean air issues, including this bill.

8573, 8574; April 6, 1967; Senator Randolph (D-West Virginia), introducing his own proposed amendments to the Clean Air Act, mentions Muskie as one of the leaders in the field and Muskie responds by offering to cosponsor Randolph’s proposal to legislate tax incentives for the installation of pollution control equipment.

17658; June 28, 1967; Muskie introduces a speech given by Senator Robert F. Kennedy (D- New York) describing in some detail the particular pollution problems facing the population of metropolitan New York City and the surrounding New Jersey suburbs.

19164-19174; July 18, 1967; Muskie opens debate on S.780, the Air Quality Act, and explains how it differs from the Administration’s proposal, which would have established emissions limits, by instead focusing on ambient air standards. He is joined by other Senators in debate, and the bill is passed 88-0. The debate may be read here.

26308; September 21, 1967; Muskie explains that his letter to the editor of the New York Times responding to an editorial complaint that the committee had failed to demand national clean air standards, was not published in full in the paper, and enters a copy of the editorial and his explanatory letter.

32079; (32072); November 9, 1967; Muskie lays down the House version of S.780, the Air Quality Act, the text of the House amendment is printed in full, and Muskie makes a motion that the Senate insist on its amendments and request a conference with the House. Muskie is appointed one of the conferees.

Because both Houses of Congress must agree on all elements of a bill before it can be placed before the President to be signed into law, temporary committees of conference are created to meet and iron out differences in the two versions of the bill as passed by each House. Service on a conference committee can be extremely significant to the final shape that a law takes, and Muskie always regarded work in the conference committee as of the highest importance.

32475; November 14, 1967; Muskie calls up and describes the conference report on the Air Quality Act, outlining the differences between the Senate- and House-passed versions, of which the most significant is the funding level.

Water and air pollution abatement works: permit 36-month amortization of cost of (see bill S. 950), 4240.

4240; February 23, 1967; Muskie is added as a cosponsor of S.950, a Ribicoff (D- Connecticut) bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to encourage the abatement of water and air pollution by permitting the amortization for income tax purposes of the cost of abatement works over a period of 36 months. Muskie also cosponsored a Randolph (D- West Virginia) bill on the same issue. Cosponsorships can reflect both ideological agreement, and other factors. In these two cases, it is helpful to remember that Senator Randolph was Chairman of the full Committee to which Muskie’s Air and Water Pollution subcommittee had to report, and that Senator Ribicoff had been the Secretary of the Health, Education and Welfare Department, the agency which at this time administered federal clean air laws.

Water: abate industrial pollution, 4472.

Editorial: Time to Fish or Cut Bait, American Forest, 4472.

4472; February 24, 1967; Muskie talks about the provision in the clean water laws that requires states to establish water quality standards on interstate streams, and inserts an editorial from American Forest magazine which urges action on this front and discusses the potential creation of a mathematical model of a watershed to help with future management.

National Wildlife Federation Award to, 4473.

4473; February 24, 1967; Senator Hart announces that Muskie was awarded the Distinguished Service Award for Legislation by the National Wildlife Federation, and quotes part of the introduction of Muskie at the association’s awards dinner.

Article: Air Pollution, V. G. MacKenzie, National Engineers Week, 4475.

4475; February 24, 1967; Muskie notes that February 19-24 is designated as National Engineers Week and that in commemoration of that fact, the Assistant Surgeon General of the Public Health Service, Vernon G. MacKenzie, produced an article on air pollution and the challenge to engineers to reduce it, which he includes in the Record.

National Electric Car Day: designate (see S.J.Res. 48), 5481.

5481; March 6, 1967; Muskie joins Magnuson (D-Washington), the principal sponsor, to cosponsor S. J. Res. 48, a joint resolution to designate the 13^th day of March in 1967 as National Electric Car Day. Earlier, Muskie had cosponsored Magnuson’s bill to underwrite the production of an electrically-powered car, and had himself introduced legislation to authorize and fund research on alternative propulsion methods. This is a cosponsorship only; there is no text.

National tidal and Great Lakes shoreline: authorize appraisal report of (see bill S.1262), 6384

6384; March 13, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Tydings (D-Maryland) bill, S.1262, to authorize the Army Corps of Engineers to initiate a 3-year appraisal report of the national tidal shores and Great Lakes shoreline.

Modification of the Clean Air Act, National League of Cities, Senator Boggs, 7113.

7113; March 16, 1967; Muskie says that much of the success of the Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution is due to the work of the ranking minority member, Senator Boggs (R- Delaware), and inserts in the Record a Boggs speech given to the National League of Cities in which Boggs claims that the task of cleaning up pollution has to involve more than government alone.

Harmful fluids carried in vessels: Coast Guard to conduct research dealing with release of (see bill S. 1585), 10119.

Oceangoing vessels: authorize President to remove threat to navigation, safety, marine resources, or coastal economy of certain (see bill S. 1586), 10119.

10119; April 19, 1967; Muskie is shown as an original sponsor on two oil spill bills, S.1585 and S.1586, introduced by Magnuson (D-Washington) in reaction to the Torrey Canyon oil spill. The first bill, S.1585 gives the Coast Guard authority to conduct research and development for the purpose of dealing with the release of harmful fluids carried in vessels, and the other, S.1586, gives the President authority to alleviate or eliminate the threat to navigation, the coastal economy and marine resources posed by releases of fluids from oceangoing vessels.

In mid-March 1967, the Torrey Canyon, carrying 120,000 tons of Kuwaiti crude oil struck the rocks of Seven Stones Reef, between the Scilly Isles and Land’s End, England. Some 30,000 tons of crude spilled into the ocean, the first large-scale oil tanker disaster ever to occur. An oil slick 35 miles long and 20 miles wide resulted, and the U.K. resorted to bombing the wrecked ship in an effort to sink her before more oil could spill. She was not sunk until more than a month later, April 21. Crude oil fouled the coast of Cornwall, southern England, killing sea birds and marine life, and causing a worldwide sensation, one result of which was proposed protective legislation in the U.S. to clarify the President’s authority to act in coastal waters.

Ironically, Congress had approved changes in the U.S. law governing oil spills in 1966, as part of the clean water legislation, but questions about the enforcement of the law had arisen since its approval.

Federal Fine Arts and Architecture Act enact (see bill S. 1582), 10119.

Text of S. 1582 to foster high standards of architectural excellence, 10124.

Federal Fine Arts and Architecture Act: bill (S. 1582) to foster high standards of architectural excellence, 10124.

10119; April 19, 1967; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.1582, a bill to foster high standards of architectural excellence in the design and decoration of federal public buildings and post offices outside the District of Columbia and to provide a program for the acquisition and preservation of works of art for such buildings.

10124; April 19, 1967; Muskie makes introductory remarks on the bill, S.1582, to encourage the purchase and preservation of art works for federal buildings outside the District of Columbia. At this time, the Congress virtually ran the local affairs of the capital city, but its authority over facilities located in other states and localities was not generally recognized.

Oil Pollution Act of 1924: amend (see bill 1591), 10229.

Oil Pollution Act of 1924: bill (S. 1591) to amend, 10235.

One Pollution Act Hinders Another, Fred P. Graham, New York Times, 10235

10229; April 20, 1967; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.1591, a bill to amend the Oil Pollution Act of 1924.

10235; April 20, 1967; Muskie makes introductory remarks on S. 1591, his bill to amend the Oil Pollution Act of 1924, along with a Fred Graham article in the New York Times on the Oil Pollution Act, commenting on the Justice Department claim that the prior year’s clean water bill had made the 1924 oil pollution law unenforceable because of a one-word change made by the House requiring that an oil discharge be “wilful” rather than accidental.

Air pollution: amend bill (S. 780) to establish regional commissions and standards for, 10564.

10564; April 24, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the sponsors of an amendment that Senator Randolph (D-West Virginia) proposes to the Clean Air Act.

10563; April 24, 1967; On Senator Muskie’s behalf, Senator Randolph (D-West Virginia) introduces an amendment to the Clean Air Act Amendments which would increase by $15 million the authorization for research into reducing sulfur emissions from fuels, explaining that Muskie is unavoidably absent from the Senate for the day and has asked him to introduce the amendment in his absence. Senator Randolph also introduced an amendment establishing regional commissions to help administer the clean air laws, but the Index listing appears to have confused the two amendments, which were offered at the same time.

Solid waste disposal facilities: authorize grants for construction of (see bill S 1646),10979.

Solid Waste Disposal Act: legislation to amend relative to construction of facilities, 10985.

Text of S. 1646, funds for construction at solid waste disposal facilities, 10986.

Analysis: S. 1646, funds for construction of solid waste disposal facilities, 10986

10979; April 27, 1967; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.1646, a bill to amend the Solid Waste Disposal Act in order to provide financial assistance for the construction of solid waste disposal facilities.

10985, 10986: April 27, 1967; Muskie makes introductory remarks on S.1646, his bill dealing with the disposal of solid waste. This bill marked the first effort of the government to move beyond research on dealing with solid waste disposal issues.

Remarks in House: proposed amendment to Solid Waste Disposal Act, 11346.

11346; May 1, 1967; Congressman Ryan of New York announces that he is sponsoring amendments, along with Muskie, to amend the Solid Waste Disposal act, as part of the clean air act. There is no Muskie text at this point.

Conservationists take a hand in Sanitary Waste Disposal, Soil Conservation, 16069

16069; June 15, 1967; Muskie points out that the citizens of a dozen small communities in the St. John Valley region of Maine have cooperated in using the available federal technical assistance and financial support to relocate a number of waste-disposal sites which were threatening to overwhelm the scenic and recreational values of the region. He inserts an article from the Soil Conservation Service of the Agriculture Department describing this process.

 

Sermon: Air and Water Pollution, Washington Cathedral, M. Hamilton, 17419.

17419; June 27, 1967; Muskie inserts a sermon by Michael Hamilton, a canon of the National Cathedral, on the moral implications, beyond the technical issues, of air pollution and the public response. The sermon is entitled “Air and Water Pollution: A New Moral Problem.”

Radiation emissions from electronic products: provide protection from (see bill S.2067), 18076

18076; July 10, 1967; Muskie is shown as an original cosponsor of S.2067, a Bartlett (D-Alaska) bill to provide for the protection of the public health against radiation emissions from electronic products in commerce or imported into the United States.

 

Edmund S. Muskie -- Clearing the Air, Forbes, 18141

18141; July 10, 1967; Senator Nelson (D-Wisconsin) inserts an article from Forbes magazine which quotes Muskie as saying that corporate America should move on air pollution before an incident occurs that might precipitate far more drastic action.

Committee on Public Works, 18918, 28085, 35669.

Lake pollution: authorize research and demonstration programs for control of (see bill S. 2760), 35669.

18918; July 17, 1967; Muskie reports out S.780, the Air Quality Act, Report 90-403.

28085; October 6, 1967; Notice of Muskie (for Randolph) filing a report on S.1552, a bill to amend the Highway Safety Act of 1966, Report No. 90-581.

35669; December 11, 1967; Muskie files committee reports on S.2760, a bill to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to authorize research and demonstration programs for the control of lake pollution and acid and other mine water drainage and to prevent pollution of water by oil, Report No. 90-917.

 

Air Pollution Control Bill Passed by Senate, M. Zeldin, Conservation Foundation, 22188

22188; August 10, 1967; Muskie inserts the text of a Conservation Foundation newsletter describing the provisions of S.780, the Air Quality Act, as passed by the Senate.

Pollution: water, 23035, 23865.

Water: funds for clean, 23035.

Federal Water Pollution Control Administration: funds for, 23035.

Letter: financing clean water, Julia D. Stuart, Washington Post, 23036.

Editorial: False Economy in Water Pollution Control Budget, Washington Star, 23865.

23035; August 17, 1967; Muskie comments on the House passage of $203 million for the construction of waste water treatment plants and contrasts it with the approval in 1966 of a $3.4 billion program of waste water construction, of which $459 million was authorized for Fiscal Year 1968, more than double the amount passed in the House. He inserts a letter from the President of the League of Women Voters, published in the Washington Post, urging that the full authorized amount be approved by the Senate.

23865; August 24, 1967; Muskie inserts with approval an editorial from the Evening Star which deplores the cost-saving at the expense of waste water treatment construction in the current year’s federal budget.

Roosevelt Campobello International Park: Queen Mother Elizabeth's visit to, 23043.

Elizabeth, Queen Mother: Canada's Visitors' Center opened by, 23043.

Letter: opening Roosevelt Campobello International Park, Queen Mother Elizabeth, by President Johnson, 23044.

Fog, Mist didn't Dampen Welcome Given Queen Mother, A. Hellmuth, St. John Telegraph-Journal, 23044

Queen Mother Elizabeth Visit to Roosevelt Campobello International Park, Senator Muskie and others, 23044.

Muskie Delivers Johnson Message to Queen Mother, Portland Press Herald, 23045.

Queen Mother Dedicates Center at Campobello, K. Buckley, Bangor News, 23045.

Queen Mother Returns to Campobello, J. Fenton, New York Times, 23045.

23043-23045; August 17, 1967; Muskie inserts a statement and several news stories describing the visit of Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, to Campobello International Park. The Queen Mother formally opened the Visitors Center in the Park.

Task Force on Environmental Health and Related Problems: report by, 23538-23541.

"Strategy for a Living Environment": report, 23538-23540.

23538-23540; August 22, 1967; Muskie comments on a report by a Task Force on the environment appointed by the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, which apparently proposes that the Department be given authority over every aspect of pollution, from research to control.

In the years before the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency, government agencies and members of Congress, including Muskie, jockeyed over where to park the various responsibilities for pollution monitoring, control, research and funding. The Environmental Health Task Force appointed by Secretary Gardner proposed a very ambitious takeover of responsibilities for the Department of Health, Education and Welfare.

Letter: creation of Committee on Technology and the Human Environment (sundry), 24312-24320.

24312; August 28, 1967; Senator Baker speaks, describing his and Muskie’s efforts to spread information about their effort to create a Select Committee on Technology and the Human Environment, including a joint Baker-Muskie letter to a broad swath of the scientific community asking for input and support for the concept. Baker describes the spring hearings on the proposal, held by the Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Relations, and includes a number of responses to the joint letter in the Record. He and Muskie are both cosponsors of the resolution to establish the committee.

Letter: battle for clean air, New York Times, by, 26308.

Editorial: Battle for Clean Air, New York Times, 26308.

26308; September 21, 1967; Muskie explains that his letter to the editor of the New York Times responding to an editorial complaint that the committee had failed to demand national clean air standards, was not published in full in the paper, and enters a copy of the editorial and his explanatory letter.

Gregg, Frank: appointment to New England River Basin Commission, 27427.

27427; October 1, 1967; Muskie speaks to the President’s nomination of Frank Gregg to be Chairman of the New England River Basin Commission, lauding his prior experience in conservation organizations.

Public works: sewage treatment facilities, 28349-28351.

Water pollution: sewage treatment facilities, 28349-28351.

Table: funds requested by Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, 28350, 28351.

28349-28351; October 10, 1967; During debate on the H.R. 11641, the Public Works Appropriations bill, Muskie speaks about the reduced funding for waste treatment facilities provided in this bill and notes that the sums appropriated do not suffice to fill the requests that states and localities have already filed with the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. He includes copies of his testimony before the Public Works Subcommittee of the Appropriations Committee to buttress his point.

Vessels on U.S. navigable waters: control pollution from (see bill S. 2525), 28535.

Water pollution: vessels, 28542.

Pollution: control vessels on navigable waters, 28542

Text of S. 2525, control pollution from vessels, 28543.

Provisions of Vessel Pollution Proposed Legislation, S. L. Udall, 28544.

Letter: control water pollution from vessels, S. L. Udall. 28544.

28535; October 11, 1967; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.2525, a bill to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as amended to control pollution from vessels within the navigable waters of the United States.

28542, 28543, 28544; October 11, 1967; Muskie makes introductory remarks on S. 2525, a bill to expand the water pollution control laws to regulate pollution caused by vessels in domestic and contiguous waters, which is based on a 1966 report from the Department of the Interior reporting on the extent of vessel-related water pollution nationwide. A letter from the Secretary of the Interior, Stewart L. Udall, is included as part of the package of introductory materials.

Report: Automobile and Air Pollution Panel on Electrically Powered Vehicles (summary), 30069.

Automobiles: air pollution, 30069.

Air pollution: proposals to reduce automobile emissions, 30069.

Plan on Electrically Powered Vehicles: report, 30070.

30069; October 25, 1967; Muskie comments on a Commerce Department Panel which was appointed to examine what would be required to produce a non-polluting automotive engine, and which has just issued its first report on the entire question of automotive pollution and its amelioration.

Federal Water Pollution Control Act: bill(S. 2760) to authorize research programs, 35670.

35670; December 11, 1967; Muskie announces that the Public Works Committee has decided to incorporate three separate water pollution issues into a single piece of legislation, and introduces S.2760, which combines proposals to authorize research and demonstration programs for the control of lake pollution, and acid and other mine water drainage, to prevent pollution by oil, and to limit pollution from vessels.

NATIONAL SECURITY/FOREIGN AFFAIRS

1967 90th Congress, 1st Session

International bridge between Calais, Maine and Milltown, New Brunswick: consent to agreement for (see bill S. 12), 190.

190; January 11, 1967; Notice of Muskie introduction of S.12, a bill to consent to an agreement between the state of Maine and the Province of New Brunswick, Canada, providing for the construction and maintenance of an international bridge between Calais, Maine, and Milltown, New Brunswick.

U.S.S. Utah: provide for flying of American flag over (see bill S. 479), 840.

840; January 18, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of many original cosponsors of a Moss (D-Utah) bill, S.479, to provide for the flying of the American flag over the remains of the U.S.S. Utah, in honor of the heroic men who were entombed in her hull on December 7, 1941, the day Pearl Harbor was attacked.

U.S. forces in Western Europe: favor reduction of (see S. Res. 49), 948, 997.

948; January 19, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of many original cosponsors of the Mansfield Resolution, S. Res. 49, to express the sense of the Senate with respect to troop deployments in Europe. Senator Mansfield (D-Montana) served as Majority Leader, which means that his bills often enjoyed wide sponsorship by his colleagues.

 

997; January 19, 1967; Senator Mansfield’s introductory remarks on S. Res. 49, the European troop withdrawal resolution, include a list of all cosponsors of the Resolution, including Muskie.

India: President's message on food aid to, 2680.

2680; February 6, 1967; Muskie makes a brief comment on the President’s message on food aid to India, agreeing that the President’s program of aid is well thought out and an important element of U.S. foreign policy.

Vietnam: clergy demonstration against, 2944.

Responsibility of Choice, St. Fidelis College, by, 2944.

Maine Clergy to Join Viet Protest, J.E. Coyne, Portland Telegram, 2946

Report: Vietnam: The Clergyman's Dilemma, Committee of Clergy and Laymen Concerned About Vietnam, 2947.

2944, 2946, 2947; February 8, 1967; Muskie speaks briefly about his meeting with the Maine delegation of Clergy and Laymen Concerned about Vietnam, which was part of the Washington visit by the national group, and inserts his speech on Vietnam at St. Fidelis College Cultural Series in Herman, Penna., a descriptive news story examining the divided nature of Maine parishes and clergy over Vietnam action, and a copy of the position paper of the Executive Committee of Clergy and Laymen Concerned.

Foreign Aid – A Crisis for Church and Nation, F.M. Coffin, Christianity and Crisis, 6563

6563; March 14, 1967; Muskie inserts the text of an article by Frank Coffin about the value of foreign aid. Coffin, a former Maine Congressman and later a federal judge, served as Deputy Administrator of AID, and U.S. Permanent Representative to the UN Development Assistance Committee of the Organization of Economic Cooperation Development, and managing director of the Development and Loan Fund. Muskie and Coffin enjoyed a long professional and personal relationship.

Russia: Consular Convention with, 6579-6581.

Meaning of Test Ban Treaty, University of Maine, President Johnson (excerpts), 6580.

Newsletter: United States-Russian Consular Convention, by, 6579.

United States-Soviet Consular Convention: ratification of, 6579-6581.

6579; March 14, 1967; During debate over the ratification of the Consular Convention with the Soviet Union, an agreement strongly opposed by the Liberty Lobby, a right-wing organization, the Senate was heavily lobbied, and opponents of the Convention sought to attach a “reservation” to it about its ratification during the war in Vietnam. An excerpt from the debate provides the flavor of the time. Muskie commented in favor of the treaty and used his own newsletter and a quotation from President Kennedy’s statement about the test ban treaty to explicate his point of view.

India: resolution (H. J. Res. 267) to support emergency food assistance to, 7050.

7050; March 16, 1967; [The correct page for this index entry is 7049] Muskie speaks during debate on H. J. Res. 267, Food Aid to India, making the point that he supports the resolution because it is not open-ended and because the grant of food aid will also call for a greater degree of self-help from India.

National UNICEF Day: designate annually (see S. J. Res.56), 7130.

7130; March 20, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Hart (D-Michigan) joint resolution, S. J. Res. 56, authorizing the President to designate October 31 of each year as National UNICEF day.

North Vietnam in Perspective, E. Mettler, Swiss Review of World Affairs, 7597

Vietnam: European support for U.S. policy in, 7597.

7597; March 22, 1967; Muskie comments on an article by Eric Mettler, of the Neue Zuricher Zeitung on the Vietnam war, including his observations that neither side has spared those civilians who oppose them, and that U.S. air casualties are so high precisely because the U.S. efforts to bomb more accurately and spare civilians expose the U.S. pilots to greater risk. He also inserts the text of the article, called “North Vietnam In Perspective.”

Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands: bill (S. 303) providing for continuance of civil government in, 9274.

9274; April 12, 1967; Acting on behalf of the Majority Leader, Muskie moves that the Senate disagree to the House amendment on the Trust Territory bill and appoint conferees.

The Majority Leader of the Senate is generally recognized to make the motion to proceed to debate or to take some other action, but in his absence, he can designate a Senator to act on his behalf to keep the flow of business in the Chamber moving. Although the Majority Leader is very often on the floor of the Chamber, he is also a Senator with membership in Committees which can require him to be absent from the Chamber in order to cast committee votes.

Polish Constitution Day, 11830.

11830; May 4, 1967; Muskie makes a brief floor statement on the anniversary of the Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791. During the Cold War, Polish-American groups celebrated Polish Constitution Day each year. In exile historiography, the Constitution of 1791 marked the first expression of Polish democracy, which was stifled by the Third Partition of Poland among Prussia, Russia and Austria in 1791, and again stifled in the post-war period by the establishment of the Polish Communist regime by its Soviet sponsor.

Memorial Day: President's proclamation, 13737.

13737; May 24, 1967; Mansfield (D-Montana) comments on and reproduces the President’s message for Memorial Day. Muskie makes a brief statement about the need for defense against those who want to make war and about the terrible responsibility a President faces in making such decisions.

Water for Peace Conference, 13746.

Johnson, Lyndon B.: water resource and development supported by, 13746.

Signing of S. 270 to Construct Desalting Plant in Southern California, President Johnson, 13747.

13746, 13747; May 24, 1967; Muskie comments on the International Water for Peace Conference and President Johnson’s commitment to pursue the goal of plentiful fresh water, and commends him on the occasion of his signing the authorization of a million-gallon desalting plant in southern California.

Middle East Crisis, by, 13985.

13985; May 25, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the Senators who are members of the organization, Members of Congress for Peace through Law, in a report by Senator Clark (D- Pennsylvania) on the monthly luncheon at which the situation in the Middle East was discussed and a joint statement by some of the membership, including Muskie, was issued. The statement was not issued in the name of the organization, but rather as representative of the views of those signing onto it. Muskie was one of those signing on.

Middle East: Principles to assist in stable and durable peace in (see S. Res. 143), 17642, 17650.

17642; June 28, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the 62 cosponsors of a Symington (D-Missouri) resolution, S. Res. 143, expressing the Sense of the Senate that the U.S. has a historic national interest in a stable peace in the Middle East and requesting the President to pursue that objective, both inside and outside the United Nations Organization.

17650: June 18, 1967; Muskie’s name is again listed among cosponsors when Senator Symington (D-Missouri) has the full text of the Resolution published in the Record.

In the Six-Day War of 1967, Israel decisively defeated the combined armies of Egypt, Syria and Jordan, and occupied the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem and the West Bank. The conflict was a continuation of the Arab-Israeli conflict, exacerbated by the infiltration of Syrian-backed Fatah troops in the winter of 1966/1967, the closure in May, 1967 of the Gulf of Aquaba to Israeli shipping by Egypt, and the decision of King Hussein of Jordan to place the Jordanian military under Egyptian command at the end of May. On June 4, 1967, Iraq joined the Egyptian-Jordanian military pact, and Israel struck on June 5. At the time, Israel’s successful defensive war led to increased U.S. support and sympathy for Israel, particularly as the leading Arab nation, Egypt, was then a Soviet client state.

Influence of U.S. Troops on Saigon Government, 22024.

22024; August 9, 1967; During a debate in the House of Representatives, Congressman Ryan (D- New York) quotes Muskie from the report on the Mansfield fact-finding trip to Southeast Asia.

Foreign aid: amend bill (S. 1872) to authorize appropriations for, 22914.

Foreign aid: bill (S. 1872) to authorize appropriations for, 22916, 22961.

Fish protein concentrate: encourage use in less developed countries, 22916.

Foreign aid: encourage use of fish protein concentrate, 22916.

Latin America: funds for Alliance for Progress, 22961.

Foreign aid: funds for Alliance for Progress, 22961.

22914; August 16, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of a Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) amendment to the foreign aid bill authorizing AID to undertake a program to demonstrate the potential and encourage the use of fish protein concentrate in less-developed countries.

22916; August 16, 1967; Muskie speaks in support of the Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) amendment to foreign aid bill, of which Muskie is a primary cosponsor, expounding on the value of fish concentrate as a means of helping augment nutrition in less-developed countries as well as permitting for a more sustainable fisheries industry. An excerpt from the debate illustrates the preoccupation with nutrition and hunger prevalent at the time.

The U.S. government funded a fish protein concentrate research program for about six years, but the primary result was to create products for use as additives to feed stocks for cattle and poultry and fertilizer for farming. The one fish protein product developed as a human food additive and approved by the Food and Drug Administration was developed in Uruguay and is now sold as a commercial “health food” supplement in the U.S.

22961; August 17, 1967; During debate on the Foreign Assistance Act, S. 1782, Muskie joins other Senators in expressing concern about economic aid cuts to Latin American countries despite the implicit promise of continued U.S. concern for the subcontinent contained in the Alliance for Progress, one of President Kennedy’s principal foreign policy initiatives. An excerpt from the debate illustrates the kinds of issues that arose as increased arms sales conflicted with economic aid to the nations of the region.

Visit to Rio Grande do Norte, K. M. Curtis, 23039.

23039; August 17, 1967; Muskie comments on the participation of Ken Curtis, Governor of Maine, in the Alliance for Progress, for which he and six Maine citizens made a 3-day trip to the State of Rio Grande do Norte, in Brazil. He inserts Curtis’ remarks on this trip in the Record.

Naval Ordnance Month, 23540.

Proclamation: Naval Ordnance Month, R. H. B. Baldwin, 23540.

23540: August 22, 1967; Muskie makes note of the fact that on August 31, 1832, the Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography was established by President Tyler’s signature and that the current navy secretary (acting), Robert H. B. Baldwin, has designated the month of August “Naval Ordnance Month.”

Middle East: construct and operate nuclear desalting plants to assist in peaceful cooperation in (see S. Res. 155), 24554.

24554; August 30, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of a Baker (R-Tennessee) resolution, S. Res. 155, the gist of which is to adopt an Eisenhower plan for the construction of nuclear desalination plants for the Middle East. The use of sense-of-the-Senate resolutions to make political points is a practice of long standing. In this instance, a Republican Senator is making the point that a former Republican President offered a policy proposal that still has support, although the current President is a Democrat.

Military construction: bill (H.R. 11722) to authorize certain, 26665, 26666.

Military construction: waste treatment systems, 26666.

26665, 26666; September 25, 1967; During debate on the Military Construction Authorization bill, H.R.11722, Muskie raises questions with Senator Jackson (D-Washington) about the meaning of specific language in the bill affecting the manner in which military waste water cleanup efforts are to be implemented.

Vietnam: Secretary Rusk's statement on, 29163.

Rusk, Dean: statement on Vietnam by, 29163.

29163; October 17, 1967; Muskie comments on a statement by Secretary of State Rusk on Vietnam, pointing out that the existence of debate within the U.S. ought not be misconstrued by opponents as indicating unwillingness to pursue U.S. goals in Vietnam. At this time, dissent about Vietnam was steadily increasing, and Muskie was one of the Senators who made an effort to emphasize the limited nature of American involvement together with the right of dissenters to speak freely. This became an increasingly difficult and untenable position as the opposition to the war broadened.

Vietnam conflict: seek U.S. initiative to assure U.N. Security Council consideration of (see S. Res. 180), 30024, 30030.

30024; October 25, 1967; Muskie is one of 38 Senators sponsoring S. Res.180, a leadership resolution to express the sense of the Senate that the President of the United States consider taking the appropriate initiative through his representatives at the United Nations to assure that the United States resolution of January 31, 1966, or any other resolution of equivalent purpose be brought before the Security Council for consideration.

This was the Mansfield-led effort to seek to bring the issue of Vietnam before the U.N. Security Council at a time when military targets in the north had been largely bombed and there were growing efforts in the U.S. and abroad to find a way to end the war. Mansfield observed that although the current week was designated as United Nations Week, the Security Council had been spending its time debating the Middle East conflict, rather than focusing on the conflict in Vietnam.

Throughout 1967, U.S. military assessments of the Vietnam conflict continued to be optimistic but by the end of the year, 525,000 Americans were serving there. Some saw a debate in the U.N. Security Council as one way of putting pressure on North Vietnam and its sponsors to agree to negotiate an end to the war.

30030; October 25, 1967; A full listing of the cosponsors of S. Res.180, the leadership Vietnam resolution, appears with the notice of the resolution’s being introduced.

Foreign policy: Japan, 32798.

Bonin Islands: return to Japan, 32798.

Sato, Eisaku: U.S. visit, 32798.

Communique: President Johnson and Prime Minister Sato, 32798.

32798; November 16, 1967; Muskie makes a statement following the U.S. visit of Japanese Prime Minister Eisaku Sato, and agreements on trade, the Asian Development Bank and the return of administrative control of the Bonin Islands to Japan. The islands, part of the Tokyo Prefecture, were a major military outpost for Japan during World War II and were occupied by the U.S. Navy in 1945.

FEDERALISM, INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS

1967 1st Session, 90th Congress

State government: modernizing, A6570.

Booklet: Modeling State Government, Chamber of Commerce, A6570-A6572.

A6570; January 2, 1967; Muskie inserts the text of a Chamber of Commerce booklet called “Modernizing State Governments” a guide to the business community as to how best to approach change at the state and local level.

National Commission on Federal Tax Sharing: establish (see bill S. 92), 192

192; January 11, 1967; Muskie is shown as the principal original cosponsor of a Nelson (D-Wisconsin) bill, S.92, to establish a National Commission on Federal Tax Sharing. The term “tax sharing” morphed into the concept known as “revenue sharing” in the following decade. It has universal appeal to state and local governments, because it leaves the raising of tax dollars to the federal government while allowing the spending to be determined by state and local officials. For this reason its appeal at the federal level is more mixed.

Committee on Government Operations: authorize a study of intergovernmental relationships by (see S. Res. 55), 1299, 1301.

Committee on Government Operations, 1299,1490,30609.

The Federal System As Seen by Federal Aid Officials: print additional copies of (see S. Con. Res. 6), 1490, 1491.

1299; January 24, 1967; Muskie reports an original resolution, S. Res.55, from the Government Operations Committee, authorizing a complete study of intergovernmental relationships between the United States and the States and municipalities, including an evaluation of studies, reports, and recommendations made thereon and submitted to the Congress by the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. This authorizing resolution was necessary before the whole Senate approved the continuation of the Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee, which Muskie chaired.

1301; January 24, 1967; Notice only of the report of an original Resolution, S. Res. 55, authorizing the Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee.

1490, 1491; January 25, 1967; Muskie reports an original resolution, S. Con. Res. 6, that there be printed for the use of the Governmental Operations Committee 5000 additional copies of a committee print of the 89^th Congress, first session, entitled, “The federal system as seen by federal aid officials.”

30609: October 31, 1967; Muskie reports from the Committee on Government Operations, a bill, S. 699, strengthening intergovernmental cooperation and training of personnel, Report No. 701.

National Intergovernmental Affairs Council: establish (see bill S. 671), 1491.

Intergovernmental coordination: provide improved Federal-State, 1504-1507.

National Intergovernmental Affairs Council: establish, 1504-1507.

Text of S. 671, create National Intergovernmental Affairs Council, 1507.

1491; January 25, 1967; Notice only of Muskie introduction of a bill, S.671, to establish a National Intergovernmental Affairs Council.

1504-1507; January 25, 1967; Muskie’s introductory remarks and the bill text of S. 671, a measure which proposed establishing a council similar to the national security or national economic council for the issue of federalism in the Office of the President. This was a bill he introduced in the previous Congress, and the first of a series of measures dealing with the relationships between the federal, state and local levels of government.

Appointed to Advisory Commission on intergovernmental Relations, 1610.

1610; January 25, 1967; Muskie is appointed to serve on the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. As the principal creator of this body in 1959, Muskie served on it throughout a substantial portion of his Senate career.

Intergovernmental cooperation: improve operation of Federal systems, improve grants-in-aid to States through (see bill S. 698), 1624.

Intergovernmental Cooperation Act: introduction, 1640-1642.

Text of S. 698, Intergovernmental Cooperation Act, 1642.

Intergovernmental cooperation: improve operation of Federal system, improve grants-in-aid to States through, 1640-1642.

Federal-State cooperation: improve, 1640-1642, 8893, 9662, 22175.

Changing Federal-State Relations and the Work of the State Budget Analysts, University of Kentucky, A. J. Richter, 22177-22180.

1624; January 26, 1967; Notice only of Muskie’s introduction of S. 498, the Intergovernmental Cooperation Act, a bill designed to improve cooperation between the federal, state and local governments in the management and operations of grant programs.

1640-1642; January 26, 1967; Muskie’s opening remarks and the text of S. 698, the Intergovernmental Cooperation Act. The bill created mechanisms to improve federal-state and federal-local interaction in the operation of programs, consolidated certain grant programs, established a uniform federal land acquisition policy, and provided for uniform relocation assistance to individuals displaced by federally-financed projects.

Muskie’s continuing interest in the relationship between the federal and state governments led him to repeatedly propose wide-ranging reforms. Because his proposals were so wide-ranging, they affected too many disparate interests and never became law in their entirety;

22175; August 10, 1967; There is no Muskie text on 22175; this appears to be a misprint for 22177.

22177-22180; August 10, 1967; Muskie inserts a statement by Albert J. Richter, an analyst with the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, examining the friction points between federal and state governments, including the tendency of federal programs to by-pass state governors and the growing use of non-profit agencies as grant recipients. The statement is a lucid description of the efforts under way to improve federal-state operations.

State and local government employees: provide grants to train (see bill S. 699) 1624.

Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1967: ,bill (S. 699) to enact, 1648-1652, 31565, 31568-31578.

State and local government employees: provide grants to train, 1648-1652, 8893.

Text of S. 699, Intergovernmental Personnel Act, 1652.

1624; January 26, 1967; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.699, a bill to improve the training of state and local workers, and to extend merit systems to state and local employment.

1648-1652; January 26, 1967; Muskie’s introductory remarks and the text of S. 699, the Intergovernmental Personnel Act. The bill was designed to upgrade the level of state and local employees, who, Muskie said, were too often found to be untrained, not well paid, and subject to assorted local patronage systems. The bill would also have permitted the states and localities and the national government to lend staff to each other as needed for training.

31565; 31568-9; November 7, 1967; During debate on S.699, the Intergovernmental Personnel Act, Muskie and the ranking Republican on his Subcommittee, Senator Mundt of South Dakota, sparred over the reach of the federal government vis-a-vis the authority of the states and discussed the various mechanisms by which the federal system seeks to impose its conditions on the states, as Mundt proposed an amendment to the bill. This is a good example of the backlash against federal grants which continued to grow throughout the following decade and remains strong today.

Revenue sharing: authorize study of (see S. Res.79), 2295

2295; February 2, 1967; Notice of Mondale (D-Minnesota) submission of a resolution, S. Res. 79, with Muskie as cosponsor, to authorize a study of revenue sharing.

Throughout the 1960s, economic growth led to a greater demand for government services in such areas as education and health care, and a mostly growing economy created the tax revenues which allowed governments to respond. One effect of this process was that state and local governments expanded enormously in the period – far outpacing the growth of federal employment – until states found themselves faced with the necessity to increase taxes. This situation and the seemingly endless flow of federal funds led to various proposals for the sharing of revenue – by which was always meant the sharing of federal revenues with the states and localities. No suggestion of revenue sharing in the opposite direction was ever raised. Federal revenue sharing was instituted for about a decade in the 1970s.

Report: National Conference on Local Government Fiscal Policy, 3684.

List: participants in national conference on local government fiscal policy, 3685.

3684; February 16, 1967; In brief remarks, Muskie notes that there are assorted groups examining the operations of the federal and state governments, and introduces a report by the National Conference on Local Government Fiscal Policy, reproduced from the group’s November 16-19 meeting in Washington.

Federal grants: problem of local officials applications for, 3690.

"Grantsman" Jones salvages a Plea in Oklahoma. L. Phelps, Wall Street Journal, 3690

3690; February 16, 1967; Muskie inserts a Wall Street Journal article about the way communities are using “grantsmen” to write grant proposals and suggests that states have an affirmative duty to help smaller communities submit better grant proposals so as to stay competitive in the process. The article explains that if nothing else, the War on Poverty is solving poverty among the more adroit grant-writers.

Conference of Governors Representatives on Urban Problems, by, 3771.

3771; February 17, 1967; Senator Sparkman (D-Alabama) inserts the text of a Muskie speech to the Conference of Governors’ Representatives on Urban Problems, held at Airlie House, Warrenton, Va. on February 1.

Committee on Government Operations: resolution (S. Res. 55) to authorize study of intergovernmental relationships, 3804, 3805.

3804-3805; February 17, 1967; The Senate considers S. Res. 55, to authorize the study of intergovernmental relationships, and Muskie is asked whether the full Government Operations Committee should not be undertaking this function, rather than his subcommittee, as well as questions about the study of tax sharing proposals by the subcommittee. This is an example of a common kind of argument over the costs of Committees and their operations.

Remarks in Senate: Creative Federalism Award presented to, 6533.

Acceptance of "Creative Federalism Award," by, 6533.

6533; March 14, 1967; Senator Mundt (R-South Dakota) congratulates Muskie on his receipt of the Creative Federalism award from the National Association of Counties, and for his work on the Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Relations, on which Mundt is the ranking minority member, and inserts the text of remarks introducing Muskie and then Muskie’s own statement at the awards dinner.

Committee on Government Operations: notice of hearings, 7079.

7079; March 16, 1967; Muskie announces that the Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Relations will commence a second round of hearings on creative federalism on March 21 and 22. These were hearings to explore the best way to make the grant process more efficient and responsive to the states as a means of achieving the national goals for which grant programs were created.

Strengthening Our Federal System, National Legislative Conference, by, 7099.

7099; March 16, 1967;  Senator Boggs (R-Delaware) inserts the text of a Muskie speech on “Strengthening our Federal System”, given to the National League of Cities on March 13, in which Muskie points out that the growth of urban centers has created new challenges for a system of federalism based on states.

Property located in federal areas: permit States and local jurisdictions to tax (see bill S.1364), 7544

Property taxes in Federal areas: legislation to permit certain, 7548.

Personal property: permit taxing of certain, 7548.

7544; March 22, 1967; Notice only of Muskie introduction of a bill, S.1364, to permit states or other duly constituted taxing authorities to subject persons to liability for payment of property taxes on property located in federal areas within such states under specified conditions.

7548; March 22, 1967; Muskie’s introductory remarks on the reintroduction of S. 1364, a bill allowing states and other taxing jurisdictions to levy personal property taxes on residents of federal enclaves within their boundaries, provided that in return such residents obtain access to public services on the same basis as other residents of the state.

Intergovernmental Cooperation Act, 7602.

Quality of American government: President's message, 7602.

7602; March 22, 1967; Muskie comments on the President’s message on the Quality of American Government, which asked for legislation to improve the training of federal workers and expresses his support. President Johnson responded to the problems caused by proliferating federal grant programs by appointing an envoy to the states to work directly with governors on reducing red tape and, in general, probably did as much as any President in seeking the goals that lay behind much of Muskie’s intergovernmental relations work.

Intergovernmental Manpower Act of 1967: enact (see bill S. 1485), 8886.

Text of S. 1485, Intergovernmental Manpower Act, 8893

Intergovernmental Manpower Act: Introduction, 8893.

Intergovernmental cooperation: improve, 8893, 9662.

Analysis: S. 1485, Intergovernmental Manpower Act, 8903.

Johnson, Lyndon B.: tribute to creative federalism by, 9662.

Creative federalism, 9662.

8886; April 11, 1967; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.1485, the Administration’s Intergovernmental Manpower Act, which, with minor details was similar to Muskie’s own Intergovernmental Personnel Act. It is common for Presidents to have their Administration’s proposals introduced as bills by members of their political party who hold the relevant chairmanships. It is a way of making certain that a President’s recommendations are given some consideration by at least one committee of the Congress, although presidents have no actual authority to dictate what Congress will consider.

8893, 8903; April 11, 1967; Muskie makes an introductory statement on S. 1485, the Administration’s version of an intergovernmental cooperation and manpower bill, noting that the Administration’s bill and his own manpower bill share the same objectives and many of the same features.

9662; April 14, 1967; Muskie makes a statement describing the active efforts of the Johnson Administration to improve federal-state relations by consulting with state governors, and comments that this is what is needed if federal grants to the states are going to have the effect the Congress wishes them to have.

Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Relations: hearings by, 9884.

9884; April 18, 1967; Muskie announces hearings on S.1485, the Intergovernmental Manpower Act, which embodies Johnson Administration programs, and S.699, the Intergovernmental Personnel Act, which embodies the studies of his Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee for April 26 and 28.

Federal-State tax sharing, 13297.

Editorial: Retreat From Tax Sharing, Washington Post, 13297.

13297; May 19, 1967; Muskie makes the comment that the many tax-sharing plans proposed all share the danger of undermining the federal system by making states reliant on federal tax collections to discharge their own state-level responsibilities and points out that such a dependency on the federal tax collection effort would ultimately undermine the powers of the states. He inserts a Washington Post editorial which says Michigan’s failure to enact a state income tax while its congressional delegation seeks federal tax dollars is an evasion of state responsibility.

Modernizing Local Government, National School Boards Association, R. F. Steadman, 16087.

16087; June 15, 1967; Muskie inserts a speech by Robert F. Steadman, the staff director of the Committee for Improvement of Management for Economic Development, which discusses the importance of local governments. The speech, given on April 24, 1967, is delivered to the annual conference of the National School Boards Association, in Portland, Oregon. It is entitled, “Modernizing Local Government.”

Federal-State cooperation: President's efforts to improve, 17154

Johnson, Lyndon B.: plan for Federal-State liaison, 17154.

Editorial: Johnson Plan for Federal-State Liaison, Wichita Eagle,17154.

Governor Hughes in Switch, Praises Johnson, D. E. Kneeland, New York Times, 17154

17154; June 23, 1967; Muskie outlines the President’s efforts to build a two-way relationship with state Governors as a counterpoise to the burgeoning growth of federal power, by providing that each Cabinet Member be particularly responsible for several states, and that each state’s governor could meet with him personally to voice complaints, suggestions and ways to enhance the federal-state relationship. To illustrate this presidential effort, he inserts the text of an interview with then-Governor Harold Hughes of Iowa.

  

Letter: consultation with heads of State and local governments, to heads of Executive Departments, by C. L. Schultze, 20452.

Federal-State cooperation: new era, 20452.

Governors: improved relationship between Federal Government and, 20452.

Memorandum: advice and consultation with State and local officials, from President Johnson to certain Federal agencies, 20453.

New Era Possible -- Johnson silences Governor critics, J. Banks, Dallas News, 20453

20452, 20453; July 27, 1967; Muskie points out that a new spirit of federal-state cooperation is being developed, and inserts a Circular from the Office of Management and Budget instructing federal agency heads on working with state officials, along with a news report describing President Johnson’s efforts as a response to the criticisms he heard from Governors during their meeting the previous December.

Intergovernmental cooperation: tribute to HUD and HEW, 23037.

Department of Housing and Urban Development: meritorious awards by, 23037

23037; August 17, 1967; Muskie talks about the increased contemporary difficulties facing reform efforts like Model Cities and cites the award by HUD at the National Association of Counties of 26 outstanding and meritorious programs of intergovernmental cooperation.

States at the Crossroads, Southern Governors Conference, Senator Tydings, 33680.

33680; November 22, 1967; Muskie inserts the text of a Senator Tydings (D-Maryland) speech at the convention of the Southern Governors’ Conference, in which he challenges the myth that federal action has stolen power from states, and talks about the need for state governments to modernize their administrative structures to meet the changed needs of their citizens.

Lawyers and America's Urban Crisis, by Vice President Humphrey, 35012

Role of Private Enterprise in Government Programs, by Vice President Humphrey, 35015.

35015; December 5, 1967; Muskie states that one of the functions of the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations is to convene large scale meetings of state legislators so that the state-federal relationship can be reviewed from the ground up, and inserts a speech by Vice President Humphrey to the most recent such national conference discussing actions the states can take to improve the operations of federal initiatives directed at state residents.

HUMAN RESOURCES PROGRAMS

1967 1st Session, 90th Congress

Job Corps, Robert Howe, Gorham (Maine) State Observer, A676

A676; February 16, 1967; (In Appendix) Muskie says that among the criticism of Great Society programs there is too rarely any word from those with first-hand experience of the programs, and inserts a statement by a Job Corps worker, a student at Gorham State College, about his experience with the Job Corps program.

Veterans: additional readjustment assistance to those serving during Vietnam era (see bill S. 16), 190.

190; January 11, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of many original cosponsors of a Montoya (D-New Mexico) bill, S.16, to provide additional readjustment assistance to veterans who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam war period. As the number of men serving in Vietnam steadily increased, the numbers of returning veterans of the conflict did as well, and the system of benefits developed in the World War II and Korean War periods was no longer adequate or always appropriate to the new cohort. Montoya’s bill, the Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Act, conformed Vietnam service veterans’ benefits to those of earlier conflicts; it was being introduced for the second time, having passed the Senate in the prior year. It had 53 cosponsors upon its introduction.

Mail order land sales industry: require full disclosure by (see bill S. 275), 298.

298; January 12, 1967; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Williams (D-New Jersey) bill, S.275, to provide full and fair disclosure about real estate subdivisions sold through the mails and by phone in interstate commerce. The purpose of this bill was to require developers to register their offerings with the federal government so as to preclude the sale of desert lands, mountain tops, flood plains and encumbered land to out of state buyers. The mail order installment plan sales of unseen land lots to retirees and other investors reached a flood in the 1960s, and inadequate state regulation of these marketing schemes meant many purchasers lost all their money. Congress approved federal registration for most land sales of more than 100 lots the following year.

Economic Opportunity Act: amend (see bill S. 299), 299.

299; January 12, 1967; Notice only of Muskie introduction of a bill, S.299, to amend the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964. Muskie made no introductory remarks on this bill, and no further action on it was taken.

Eye Institute: establish (see bill S. 325) 500.

500; January 16, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of many original cosponsors of a Hill (D-Alabama) bill, S.325, to amend the Public Health Service Act to provide for the establishment of a National Eye Institute in the National Institutes of Health. The Institute was created by Congress in 1968.

Veterans' facilities: provide certain safeguards on possible closings of, (see bill S.483),840.

840; January 18, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of a number of original cosponsors of a Boggs (R-Delaware) bill, S.483, to amend title 38, U.S.C., so as to require the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs to give 6 months’ advance public notice of the planned closing or relocation of any veterans’ facility and to provide for at least one Veterans’ Service Center in each state.

Teachers aid programs: encourage development of (see bill S. 721), 1875.

1875; January 30, 1967; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of a Nelson (D-Wisconsin) bill, S.721, to encourage the development of teachers aid programs in the schools of the nation. At a time of steadily increasing student enrollment levels, teacher retention was proving to be a problem, and the Nelson bill was aimed at helping provide in-class assistance to reduce the time that teachers had to spend on non-instructional duties.

National Foundation for the Social sciences: establish (see bill S. 836), 2641

2641; February 6, 1967; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Harris (D-Oklahoma) bill, S.836, to provide for the establishment of the National Foundation for the Social Sciences in order to promote research and scholarship in such sciences.

Full Opportunity and Social Accounting Act of 1967: enact (see bill S. 843), 2641

2641; February 6, 1967; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Mondale (D-Minnesota) proposal, S.843, a bill which would set up a council of social advisors in the Executive Office of the President (similar to the economic advisors) to measure whether the War on Poverty programs and other programs were “working” or not.

White House Conference on Indian Affairs: provide for (see bill S. 810), 4240.

4240; February 23, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of S.810, a Harris (D-Oklahoma) bill to provide for a White House Conference on Indian Affairs. Senator Harris indicated that an Interior Department report concluded that citizens of Native American descent suffered the lowest health, education and income levels of any group of citizens.

Older Americans Act of 1965: amend to extend its provisions (see bill S.951), 4240.

4240; February 23, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of S.951, a Williams (D- New Jersey) bill to amend the Older Americans Act so as to extend its provisions. This was the Johnson Administration’s Older Americans Act, introduced by Williams as Chairman of the Special Committee on Aging, of which Muskie was a member.

Charity and Free Men, Allentown, Pa., by, 5435.

5435; March 6, 1967; In House proceedings, Congressman Rooney of Pennsylvania inserts the text of a Muskie speech entitled “Charity and Free Men” given at the Catholic Charities Appeal of the Allentown Diocese, Allentown, Pa., on March 1. Muskie was a committed Catholic believer and this speech outlines as well as any his view of the responsibilities imposed on him by his faith.

Labor relations consultants: strengthen reporting and disclosure of activities and operations of (see bill S. 1250), 6198.

6198; March 10, 1967; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a McClellan (D-Arkansas) bill, S.1250, to amend the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 so as to strengthen the reporting and disclosure provisions of the law relating to labor relations consultants and certain other intermediaries between management and labor. This bill developed from labor racketeering investigations undertaken by the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Government Operations Committee.

Elementary and Secondary Education bill (S. 1125) to strengthen and improve programs of assistance for, 6517, 28884.

6517; March 14, 1967; Muskie is named as a cosponsor of a Nelson (D-Wisconsin) amendment to S.1125, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which would establish a new Title within the Act, and which is substantially the teachers’ aides program that Senator Nelson earlier submitted as a free-standing piece of legislation.

28884; October 16, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of a Nelson amendment to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, to authorize schools to train and hire teacher aides to be used as classroom assistants to teachers. This amendment was modified somewhat from its earlier format, and no longer written as a free-standing separate title in the law.

Howard, Oliver 0., 6780.

Howard University: anniversary, 6780.

6780; March 15, 1967; On the centennial anniversary of Howard University, Muskie makes a brief statement about the university’s principal founder and third president, General Oliver Otis Howard, of Maine. Howard University is one of the historically black colleges in the nation, and is located in Washington D.C.

District of Columbia: establish government employment training program for (see bill S. 1360), 7544.

Federal employment training program: authorize (see bill S. 1361) 7544.

7544; March 22, 1967; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of two Tydings (D-Maryland) bills, S.1360; to establish a District of Columbia government employment opportunity program for unskilled and semiskilled individuals, and S.1361, to authorize a federal government employment opportunity program for unskilled and semiskilled individuals. This was an effort to provide the same kind of job-training programs through the D.C. government and the federal employment service as were advocated for private sector employers.

 

Medical clinics: assist rural communities in constructing or acquiring (see bill S. 1366), 7544.

7544; March 22, 1967; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Tydings (D-Maryland) bill, S.1366, to assist rural communities in constructing or acquiring needed facilities for the establishment of medical clinics to serve rural areas. The bill was modeled on a program developed by a private foundation, which found that providing the infrastructure needed for medical practice, such as x-ray equipment, lab equipment and emergency room facilities, helped recruit physicians to practice under-served areas, with the materials then sold to the recruited physician.

Poverty: efforts to end, 14436.

Text of regulations regulating multistate labor areas, Employment Security Manual, 14436.

14436; June 1, 1967; Muskie points out that the U.S. Employment Service, which is administered through the States, faces problems when an urban job market incorporates two or more states. He indicates that there are 32 such regions nationally and that they cover close to one-quarter of the country’s population. He points out that the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations first drew attention to this issue in 1965, and welcomes the federal response that provides a solution to the administrative problems created by multi-state employment zones.

Raymond Gilliam Jumped From Job to Job; Now He'll Try for College, Portland Express, 14440.

14440; June 1, 1967; Muskie inserts an article from the Portland Evening Express which details the success of the Manpower Development and Training Administration in moving a high school dropout to the stage of taking college boards examinations.

Tax Credits in Higher Education, H. E. Young, 14445.

14445; June 1, 1967; Muskie inserts a statement by the President of the University of Maine, H. Edwin Young, opposing tax credits for higher education tuition costs on the grounds that they benefit only those with income high enough to incur income tax liability and intensify the pressures on colleges to raise tuition fees.

Editorial: War on Poverty -- We Can't Quit Now, Look, 15368.

15368; June 12, 1967; Muskie inserts a Look magazine article from the June 13 issue containing a comprehensive review of the anti-poverty program which recognizes that the War on Poverty is an attempt to achieve a great deal of change with very limited financial resources. The War on Poverty was greeted with bitter criticism right from the start and dismantled shortly after President Johnson left office.

How We can Stop the Brain Drain, K.M. Curtis, Maine Digest, 16070

16070; June 15, 1967; Muskie speaks about the problem faced by smaller states of “brain drain” as youngsters with the most to offer are tempted to leave small states for broader arenas, and inserts an article by Governor Ken Curtis, who has ideas to combat this loss. At this time, the population movement to the coasts and to urban areas was noticeable and did not appear to be easily reversible. Smaller, more remote states, particularly in the northeast and midwest tended to lose population and job opportunities for the next two decades, while cities on the coasts and in the south tended to grow.

Husson College Stands on the Threshold of a New Era, Maine Teacher, 16075

16075; June 15, 1967; Muskie lauds Husson College of Bangor, Maine for its evolution from a proprietary business school begun with a handful of students in 1898 to a non-profit, degree-granting business college, and inserts an article describing the process from the May 1967 issue of Maine Teacher magazine.

Education and the Public Responsibility, Commencement, Kansas State College, Senator Mondale, 16149.

16149; June 1, 1967; Muskie inserts the text of the commencement speech given by Senator Mondale (D-Minnesota) at Kansas State College of Pittsburgh, Kansas, on “Education and Public Responsibility.”

Maritime academies: increase amount of assistance to (see bill S. 1973), 16376.

Maritime Academy Act: legislation to increase assistance to such academies and provide subsistence payments to students, 16376.

16376; June 20, 1967; Muskie introduces S.1973, a bill to amend the Maritime Academy Act of 1958 to increase the amount of assistance to such academies and to provide a minimum subsistence payment per student. The bill sought to increase the federal contribution to maritime academies, which had been unchanged for almost a decade, even as costs and state contributions rose substantially. Maine is home to one of the U.S. Maritime Academies.

Sermon: Hanover College Baccalaureate Service, William H. Hudnut III, 17132.

17132; June 23, 1967; Muskie inserts a sermon by William H. Hudnut III, of the Second Presbyterian Church of Indianapolis, outlining the belief that Biblical teaching establishes a connection between liberty and self-restraint, and urging his audience to use their liberties wisely.

Truth-in-Lending Act: bill (S. 5) to enact, 18415.

Finance charges: require disclosure of credit, 18415.

18415; July 11, 1967; During debate on S. 5, the truth-in-lending bill, Muskie compliments Proxmire on the fact that the bill is on the verge of Senate approval after seven years of effort The bill is passed, unamended, 92-0. Disclosure of the cost of consumer credit was at this time one of the most significant consumer-protection issues, and was vigorously opposed by smaller retailers as well as consumer finance companies.

Portland Neighborhood Youth Corps, 18468.

Fort Gorges Facelifting is resumed, H. Brown, Portland Express, 18468

18468: July 12, 1967;  Muskie speaks on the benefits of an anti-poverty job training program which is using unemployed youth to help preserve the 1857 Fort Gorges on Casco Bay, one of Maine’s few Civil War sites, and inserts an article from the Portland Evening Express describing this successful program. Fort Gorges was named for Sir Ferdinano Gorges, the colonial proprietor of the property that ultimately became the state of Maine.

Pine Tree Camp, W. Langley, Portland Telegram, 20450

20450; July 27, 1967; Muskie inserts an article from the Portland Press Herald about the summer program at Pine Tree Camp which involves rehabilitation services for disabled children and adults.

Upward Bound Program at Gorham State College, K. Clifford, Portland Telegram, 20451.

20451; July 27, 1967; Muskie inserts an article from the Portland Sunday Telegram describing the Upward Bound program at Gorham State College, as an example of the success of the Office of Economic Opportunity programs. Although many of the programs associated with the War on Poverty and the Office of Economic Opportunity itself have long been disbanded, a surprising number of programs which originated with the War on Poverty have survived and continue to offer services to Americans. Upward Bound is one of them.

Employment Service Act of 1967: enact (see bill S. 2210), 20894.

20894; August 2, 1967; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Clark (D-Pennsylvania) bill, S.2210, the Employment Service Act of 1967. The bill is a update and broadening of the Wagner-Peyser Act of 1933, which underlies the entire federal-state public employment service system, and is designed to integrate existing employment services with new manpower training, vocational education, and other hard-to-place persons’ services that reflect the recent manpower training initiatives Congress has taken.

List: poverty legislation under congressional consideration, Mrs. J. Werboff, 22381.

22381; August 11, 1967; Muskie inserts a letter from a constituent in favor of the war on poverty, and making the point that recent urban riots provide further reason to support programs that create opportunities for youth.

Social security: facilitate coverage of certain Maine State and municipal employees under (see bill S. 2325), 23505.

23505; August 22, 1967; Notice of introduction of a Muskie bill, S.2325, to facilitate the coverage, under title II of the Social Security Act, of certain State and municipal employees in the State of Maine. Broad coverage of state and local employees under the Social Security Act began in the 1980s and 1990. Until that time, individual states which wished to enroll their workers in the federal retirement program had to make an agreement with the federal government which required legislation to take effect.

Johnson, Lyndon B.: tribute to efforts to improve cities, 26680-26683.

List: rent supplements program. by President Johnson (sundry), 26682, 26683.

Letter: list of programs dealing with urban problems which Congress has not yet acted. President Johnson, 26683.

Economic opportunity programs: bill (S. 2388) to authorize funds for continued operation of, 26680-26683, 26833.

26680-26683; September 25, 1967; During debate on the Economic Opportunity Amendments of 1968, S.2388, Muskie defends the record of the Johnson Administration against Republican attacks and points out that the consistent refusal to fund programs is preventing them from having an impact.

Letter: developments in the county poverty programs, D. J. Gacetta, 29163.

29163; October 17, 1967; Muskie inserts a letter reporting on the work of the Knox County Community Action Committee from Dominic Gacetta, the program director, as an example of the success of these programs in Maine.

Social Security Amendments of 1967: amend bill H.R. 12080) to enact, 33142, 33540, 33555,

Social Security Amendments of 1967: bill (H.R. 12080) to enact, 33543-33545.

33142; November 20, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of a McGovern amendment to H.R.12080, the Social Security Amendments of 1968. The McGovern amendment would have eliminated the earnings test for Social Security recipients.

33540; November 21, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of 15 cosponsors of a Kennedy (D- New York) amendment to H.R.12080, the Social Security Amendments, to strike the provision in the proposed welfare program which would have required that mothers work during school hours or during the after-school hours to receive welfare.

33543-33545; November 21, 1967; During debate on the issue of the work requirements as proposed in the Committee bill, Muskie notes that young children, even if they attend school, still need a mother’s care in the home. At this time, the majority of mothers did not work outside the home, and Muskie and other Senators found it hard to believe that those women without husbands to support them should be forced to work at the penalty of losing welfare support. Attitudes have changed, largely because the nature of the workforce has changed, and the majority of women, including women with small children, are now in the active work force. The Kennedy amendment, striking the federal work requirement, was passed, 41-38.

33555; November 21, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the cosponsors of a Kennedy (D- New York) amendment to H.R.12080, the Social Security Amendments of 1967, to require that any state-supplied work be paid at the minimum wage level. The amendment was defeated, 31-40.

Maine: FHA combats poverty in, 33687.

Farmers Home Administration: poverty in Maine combated by, 33687.

33687; November 22, 1967; Muskie comments on the effects that the Farmers Home Administration programs can have on the lives of lower-income people in rural Maine. Muskie was always aware that rural poverty was as real and as difficult to overcome as urban poverty and backed programs like those of Farmers Home which provided loans to the low-income self-employed.

Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments of 1967: bill (H.R.7819) enact, 35076.

35076; December 5, 1967; During debate on H.R.7819, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act amendments, Muskie comments on the changes being made in the 1965 law which are of particular importance to Maine.

Social Security Amendments of 1967: bill (H.R. 12080) to enact, conference report, 36914.

36914; December 15, 1967; Muskie speaks on final passage of the social security bill, pointing out that several provisions affecting the ADC (Aid to Dependent Children) programs, such as freezing all the states’ caseloads as of January 1, 1968 reflect a threat to the well-being of needy children, but acknowledging that the provisions dealing with the elderly population served by the law are desirable.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, CIVIL LAW, CRIMINAL LAW.

1967 1st Session, 90th Congress

Ines, Cita Rita Leola: for relief (see bill S.107), 192.

Lindner, Teresa: for relief (see bill S. 1820), 13276.

Lindner, Teresa: adjudicate claim of (see S. Res. 127), 13276.

Davis, Yvonne: for relief (see bill S. 2026) 17399.

192; January 11, 1967; Notice only of Muskie introduction of a private bill for the relief of Cita Rita Leola Ines.

13276; May 19, 1967; Notice of Muskie introduction of a private bill, S.1820, for the relief of Teresa Lindner, and a Muskie introduction of S. Res. 127, a resolution referring the bill and all the accompanying papers to the chief commissioner of the Court of Claims, for a report back to the Senate giving findings of fact and conclusions about the validity and amount of the claim made by Theresa Lindner.

17399; June 27, 1967; Notice of the introduction of a private bill for the relief of Yvonne Davis.

Private bills are commonly used to deal with the idiosyncratic problems that can arise when conflicting requirements of the law affect an individual and the law provides no way to resolve the conflict, or such cases when compensation to a citizen from the government may be warranted but is not actually covered by any existing law. Most private bills arise from constituent casework, where the ability of a Senator’s caseworker staff runs up against limits in the law or lack of legal authority covering the particular circumstances of a given case.

Details of private bills are never published in the Congressional Record. The paperwork justifying a private bill is handled by the Committee of jurisdiction, usually the Judiciary Committee, which reviews the facts and law of the case and determines whether or not to report favorably on it. Private bills were more common in past years; the expansion of federal courts of adjudication and other arbitration mechanisms throughout government leaves fewer persons who have legitimate claims without redress. Additionally, past scandals in which individual Members of Congress were found to be selling their ability to introduce private bills have helped reduce the willingness of Members to introduce private bills.

Columbus Day: make a legal holiday (see bill S. 794), 2195.

2195; February 1, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of S.794, a Boggs (R- Delaware) bill making Columbus Day a legal federal holiday.

Civil Rights Act of 1967: enact (see bill S. 1026), 3922.

3922; February 20, 1967; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Hart (D-Michigan) bill, S.1026, to assure nondiscrimination in federal and state jury selection and service, to provide relief against discriminatory employment and housing practices, to prescribe penalties for certain acts of violence or intimidation, and to extend the life of the United States Commission on Civil Rights.

Federal employees: protect those in executive branch in enjoyment of constitutional rights (see bill S. 1035) 4038.

4038; February 21, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of S.1035, an Ervin (D-North Carolina) bill to protect the civilian employees of the Executive Branch of the U.S. government in the enjoyment of their constitutional rights and to prevent unwarranted governmental invasions of their privacy. This bill was developed in the wake of hearings in which Senator Ervin made the discovery that in some agencies of the federal government surreptitious surveillance of workers was frequent.

Civil rights: fair housing, 22847.

Fair Housing Act of 1967, 22847.

22847; August 16, 1967; Mondale (D-Minnesota) announces that hearings on a Fair Housing Act of 1967 will begin the following Monday and Muskie speaks during the subsequent colloquy on the Senate floor.

Immigration and Nationality Act: amend (see bill S. 2524), 28535.

28535; October 11, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) bill, S.2524, to amend the immigration laws to emphasize family reunification. At this time, immigration visas were granted on a country allocation, based on the proportions of various European nationals resident in the United States in 1894. With the growth of immigration from the Pacific and Central and Latin America, it became increasingly evident that the national quota was systematically excluding immigrants from newer countries of emigration while quota numbers for European nationals remained unused. The Kennedy bill’s response was to systematically reverse this outcome by abolishing all national quotas entirely, and creating quotas based on family relationships.

Capital punishment: abolition of, 31589

31589; November 7, 1967; During a Phil Hart (D-Michigan) statement on the abolition of capital punishment, Muskie makes the comment that Maine’s action in the 19^th century in abolishing capital punishment has not been one the state has felt the need to rethink, and while that fact can’t prove a negative, it remains true that Maine manages fine without capital punishment.

Equal rights for men and women: amend Constitution relative to (see S.J. Res 54), 31627.

31627; November 8, 1967; Muskie is added as a cosponsor to S. J. Res. 54, the McCarthy (D-Minnesota) proposed amendment to the Constitution providing for equal rights for men and women.

MISCELLANEOUS

1967 1^st Session, 90^th Congress

Fogarty, John E.: eulogy, 9.

9; January 10, 1967; Muskie makes a brief comment on the untimely death of Congressman John E. Fogarty, a Democrat of Rhode Island. Fogarty died at the age of 54.

Gardner, John W.: tribute, 619.

Tribute to John W. Gardner, Time, 619.

619; January 17, 1967; Muskie commends John Gardner’s work as Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, and inserts the text of a Time Magazine article about him entitled, “The Administration: A sense of what should be.”

Currier, Mr. and Mrs. Stephen R.: eulogy, 2958.

Herter, Christian A.: eulogy, 2958.

2958; February 8, 1967; Muskie pays tribute on the death of Christian Herter, former Congressman, Massachusetts Governor, diplomat from 1918 onward, and at the time of his

death, the U.S. trade negotiator. He also pays tribute to the Curriers, a couple who established the Taconic Foundation, dealing with civil rights in 1958, and who were active in voter education and other relief projects in the early years of the civil rights movement.

Bean, L. L.: tribute, 3269.

Editorial: Bean Recommends, Washington Post, 3269.

3269; February 9, 1967; Muskie eulogizes the original L.L.Bean, who established the shop and catalogue in 1914, and who recently passed away at age 94, and inserts a Washington Post editorial on his passing. At this time, L.L. Bean was a well-known mail order catalogue (and local Freeport, Maine, store) primarily directed at sportsmen, but it was widely known for its idiosyncratic style and well-regarded merchandise. Even before L.L. Bean became the flagship store of the discount market that constitutes Freeport today, it maintained a reputation of being open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

Thomas, Woodlief, 5335.

5335; March 6, 1967; Muskie makes a brief statement on the resignation of Woody Thomas, the chief economist of the Senate Banking Committee. Although Congress is often thought of as a place for ambitious young people to work for a couple of years before seeking to make a real career in the private sector, it has always had a core body of longer term staff who serve individual Members or particular Committees for many years. It is not unusual for Members to take notice with a brief speech when such a staff person leaves.

Douglas, Paul H.: birthday tribute, 7964

7964; March 23, 1967; Muskie joins other Senators celebrating the 75^th birthday of Senator Paul Douglas of Illinois, noting that Douglas spent part of his youth in Maine, thus being regarded by Mainers as one of them.

There is a long tradition of Senatorial eloquence employed in the service of Senatorial comity. In the early years of the new Congress at the end of the 18^th century, the use of elaborate courtesies in debate was an element of the efforts to prevent physical assaults in the Chamber. Although not always successful, the tradition gradually grew stronger and it has been many years since any member of the Senate physically assaulted another. The tradition is maintained through elaborate verbal celebrations of landmarks in each Senator’s career by other Senators. Birthdays, anniversaries, consecutive vote counts, as well as retirements and deaths are all occasions when Senatorial colleagues offer up statements of congratulations, regret, and respect to each other. It is this tradition, among other factors, which accounts for the frequent description of the Senate as being the “world’s most exclusive club.”

National Grange Commemorative Stamp Ceremony, 0. L. Freeman, 10918.

10918; April 26, 1967; Muskie makes a brief statement on the hundredth anniversary of the National Grange and inserts an Orville Freeman speech about the postage stamp commemorating the Grange’s anniversary. Freeman was Secretary of Agriculture, and the National Grange is a primarily rural advocacy and fraternal family organization.

Disney, Walt: issue gold medal to widow of the late (see S.J. Res. 93), 21597.

21597; August 7, 1967; Muskie’s name appears on a list of 52 Senators who cosponsor a Murphy (R.-California) resolution to authorize the grant of a gold medal to the widow of Walt Disney. Although it is frequently claimed that President Reagan or President Clinton inaugurated the meeting of the political and entertainment worlds, this is something of an overstatement. This 1967 bill, for example, was introduced by a Senator who had 45 movies to his credit.

Moran, Edward C.: eulogy, 23524.

Obituaries: Edward C. Moran (sundry), 23524.

23524; August 22, 1967; Muskie gives a eulogy for and inserts newspaper obituaries from Maine papers on the death of former Maine Congressman Edward C. Moran, who was the author of the 1936 Merchant Marine Act and who also served as U.S. Maritime Commissioner.

Citation: Congressional Distinguished Service Award, 25666.

25666; September 14, 1967; In House proceedings, Speaker Albert makes a statement about the Congressional Distinguished Service Awards granted by the American Political Science Association, which included an award to Muskie.

Hayden, Carl: birthday tribute, 27406.

27406; October 2, 1967; Muskie speaks on the occasion of Senator Carl Hayden’s 90^th birthday. Hayden was a Democratic Senator from Arizona who was elected to the Congress when Arizona became a state, served in the House from 1912 to 1927 and then in the Senate from 1927 to 1969, when he retired. At his retirement, his 56 years of service in the Congress and the 42 years in the Senate ranked as a record. The record has since been overtaken by Senator Strom Thurmond, of South Carolina, who has served in the Senate continuously since November, 1956.

Festival Singers of Toronto, 37099

37099; December 15, 1967; Muskie commends the singing group from Canada for its performance in the Senate Office Building’s rotunda during the pre-Christmas season.

Although the principal business of the Congress is legislation, there are opportunities throughout the year for Members to invite groups from their home states to display arts and crafts or to perform, and at Christmas time, there are usually several choral performances in the Rotunda of the Russell Senate Office Building.

POLITICS, CAMPAIGN REFORM

1967 90th Congress, 1st Session

Muskie could have made third leadership position, D. R. Larrabee, Portland Telegram, 1217

1217; January 23, 1967; Senator Smith (R-Maine) inserts a news report by Don Larrabee from the Portland Sunday Telegram about Muskie turning down the chance to stand for Secretary of the Democratic Conference (described as third-highest hierarchy slot) although assured of the votes for it in order to maintain his commitment to support Senator Joe Clark (D-Pennsylvania), who wanted the job but could never get the votes. The job ended up going to Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, who later became Majority Leader in his own right.

Appointed as chairman of Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, 2067

2067; January 31, 1967; Muskie is appointed Chairman of the Senatorial Campaign Committee by Senator Mansfield (D-Montana) the Senate Majority Leader. Mansfield announces the appointment and notes his consultation with Magnuson(D-Washington) and Inouye (D-Hawaii) about the appointment, and their agreement.

Appointed to Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, 3760.

3760; February 17, 1967; Following his appointment to chair the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, Muskie announces the makeup of the Committee, itself, listing the Senators who will serve.

Fair Campaign Practices Committee: incorporate (see bill S. 1263), 6490.

6490; March 14, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Kuchel (R-California) bill, S.1263, for the incorporation of the Fair Campaign Practices Committee. The Fair Campaign Practices Committee was a voluntary organization created during the 1950s, with the help of some Senators, and the Kuchel bill would grant it a Federal Charter.

Judge Beliveau to Observe 80th Birthday, from Portland Telegram, 9952

Severin Beliveau Shows Promise for Democrats, from Portland Telegram, 9952

9952; April 18, 1967; Muskie notes that Maine has an unusually gifted family in public service, the Beliveaus of Rumford, and inserts two articles, one about Maine Supreme Court Justice Beliveau’s 80^th birthday and another about Severin Beliveau’s election to the legislature.

Politics and the Press, Massachusetts State Legislature, E. Sevareid, 23521.

23521; August 22, 1967; Muskie inserts the text of a speech made by Eric Sevareid, CBS national correspondent, to the Massachusetts State legislature, on the subject of foreign policy. At this time and in his later career, Sevareid became one of the nation’s best-respected newsmen.

 

SENATE RULES, PROCEDURES, ASSIGNMENTS, HOUSEKEEPING

1967 90th Congress, 1st Session

Elected to Committee on Banking and Currency, 289.

Elected to Committee on Government Operations, 289.

Elected to Committee on Public Works, 289.

289; January 11, 1967; The resolution assigning Senators to various committees includes Muskie’s committee assignments. Committee assignments are published at the beginning of every new Congress. Usually, Senators continue to serve on the same committees, because the seniority system penalizes committee-switching. Re-joining a committee after an absence entails a loss of seniority which can in time mean the difference between holding a Chairmanship or not.

Committee on the Budget (Joint): create (see bill S. 538), 947.

947; January 19, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of many original cosponsors of a McClellan (D-Arkansas) bill, S.538, to amend the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 to provide for more effective evaluation of the fiscal requirements of the executive agencies. Muskie’s interest in the operations of the federal budget was of long standing, as he realized that the ad hoc appropriations process which was then the rule in Congress had outcomes which negatively affected programs he cared about.

Cloture petition, 1011.

1011; January 18, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the signers of the cloture petition for the perennial exercise at the beginning of each Congress to amend Rule XXII to provide for a 60-vote majority of those elected and sworn to close off debate in a filibuster, rather than the two-thirds of Senators present and voting then required by the Rule, which could mean as many as 67 votes if all Senators were present.

There was a long-lived debate over whether the beginning of a new Congress also enabled the Senate rules to be re-written without the requirement that rules changes themselves be subject to the filibuster. Those who supported the right of unlimited debate (known to its opponents and colloquially as the filibuster) maintained that the Senate was a “continuing” body, since only one-third of its members were newly elected in any new Congress. Supporters of filibuster reform argued that the Constitution provided the Senate the right to make its rules and that by logic and reason a new Senate was convened with every new Congress. This argument was never settled. But at the beginning of each Congress, reformers would routinely file a cloture petition against a filibuster of a proposed rules change.

Cloture is the term used to describe the process by which a filibuster can be ended in the Senate. At this time, the requirement was that a cloture petition, signed by no fewer than 16 Senators, be presented to the Senate, by being formally presented to the desk where Senate business is filed, and that a cloture vote, a vote on the petition, be held no sooner than 48 hours thereafter. A successful cloture vote in 1967 required the affirmative votes of two-thirds of the Senators in the Chamber at the time, a high hurdle to overcome.

Maine, 2641, 7128, 8218.

2641; February 6, 1967; Senator Smith (R-Maine) on her own and Muskie’s behalf, presents a joint resolution of the Maine State Legislature memorializing Congress to include Maine in study of high-speed ground transportation systems.

7128; March 20, 1967; Senator Smith (R-Maine), on behalf of herself and Muskie, submits a joint resolution of the Maine State Legislature memorializing Congress to fund the National Sea College and Program Act of 1966.

8218; April 4, 1967; Senator Smith (R-Maine) on her own and Muskie’s behalf presents a joint resolution of the Maine State Legislature memorializing Congress in favor of the full development of the electric power potential of Passamaquoddy Bay and the Upper St. John River.

Legislative branch: bill (S. 355) to improve the operation of, 3731.

Legislative branch: dual sponsorship of Senate bills, 3732.

3731, 3732; February 16, 1967; A special commission on the reorganization of the Congress had been appointed two years earlier, and in its report it recommended that no amendments to change the Standing Rules of the Senate be accepted unless they had been through the regular Rules Committee process.

In a maneuver that was only partly tongue-in-cheek, the Minority Leader, Senator Dirksen (R-Illinois) offered an amendment to prohibit the practice of holding bills at the Senate clerk’s desk on the Senate floor for additional cosponsors. A debate on the merit of banning the practice of cosponsoring bills ensued, with some arguing that the whole idea was intellectually dishonest and laid Senators open to pressure from lobbying groups, and others arguing that cosponsorship provided for bipartisanship and limited the supporting speeches that Senators would otherwise feel impelled to make about popular bills. The Dirksen amendment was voted down, and Dirksen then announced that in future he planned to object to the routine unanimous consent requests that a bill lie at the desk for cosponsors. Muskie’s only intervention in this debate was after this announcement when he asked Dirksen if that would apply to cosponsorships of bills no longer at the desk – in other words, cosponsors to be added at the next printing of the bill. Muskie took no substantive part in the debate itself.

Senate cosponsorships today are accomplished by the simple printing of a notice in the Congressional Record, which requires that a Senator approve the use of his name and that his staff write up a paragraph asking that he be added as a cosponsor to the relevant bill. This document is then passed to the clerk by the cloakroom staff along with other routine paperwork, and the Senator is recorded as a cosponsor in the permanent records of the Senate, and on the bill itself if the bill is reprinted again for any reason before the end of the session.

Tributes in Senate, 8573, 8850, 22406, 31584.

Muskie of Maine Influence is Gaining, N.C. Miller, Wall Street Journal, 8850.

8573; April 6, 1967; As he introduces amendments to the Clean Air act, Randolph (D-West Virginia) congratulates Muskie on his work in the Air and Water Pollution Subcommittee.

8850; April 10, 1967; Mansfield (D-Montana) introduces a Wall Street Journal article by Norman C. Miller, entitled “Muskie of Maine – Though he Shuns the Senate Limelight, his influence is considerable and gaining.” and lauds Muskie for his work and his decency.

22406; August 16, 1967; Muskie is commended for his management of the Export-Import Bank bill.

31584; November 7, 1967; At the close of debate on the Intergovernmental Personnel Act, Senator Mansfield (D- Montana) commends Muskie for his work in bringing the bill to a successful conclusion on the floor.

Dodd, Thomas J.: resolution (S. Res. 112) relative to the censure of, 15686, 16013

15686;16013; June 13, 1967; Senator Thomas J. Dodd (D-Connecticut) was censured by the Senate for improper diversion of campaign funds to personal use. At the time, Senate rules on the use of campaign funds were much looser than they are now, and a great deal of the debate centered on whether or not testimonial dinners were “political” or not “political” so that the proceeds could be legally used for private purposes. Although the arguments made by Dodd and his defenders seem very strained today, at the time, if Dodd could have persuaded his colleagues that his testimonial dinners were not political, he would have escaped censure. Muskie’s participation in this debate was minimal, but an excerpt from the discussion gives a flavor of the event.

The Constitution grants the Senate the exclusive right of seating or expelling members, as well as imposing lesser sanctions such as censure. Such debates are extraordinarily sensitive for each Senator and therefore occur very rarely and usually only in the most egregious circumstances, and after a Member’s behavior has become a matter of public record. In the case of Senator Dodd, four members of his staff copied documents from his office and passed them to syndicated columnist Drew Pearson in January of 1966. The columns Pearson subsequently wrote impelled Dodd to request the Senate ethics committee to investigate and clear his name.

Committee To Investigate Crime (Joint): create (see S.J. Res. 94), 17075.

17075; June 23, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of S. J. Res. 94, a Moss (D-Utah) resolution to create a Joint Committee to Investigate Crime. The function of this proposed committee would have been to undertake investigations into the causes of crime, the efficiency of law enforcement and judicial systems and to report findings to the Congress for potential legislative action. Joint Committees, like Special Committees and Select Committees are often proposed as a way to increase Congressional action in an area of particular public interest. The rise of crime rates in the 1960s was a matter of growing interest to most Americans.

Legislative branch: amend bill (H.R. 10368) Making appropriations for, 18164.

18164; July 10, 1967; Muskie is listed by Tydings (D-Maryland) as a cosponsor of the Tydings amendment to augment the staff allowances authorized by the prior year’s legislative reorganization act. Tydings justified his amendment by the need to counter and properly examine the proposals of the executive branch, particularly those buttressed by highly paid lobbyists facing modestly paid Senate staff, particularly for more junior Senators who do not have the committee resources enjoyed by Chairmen.

Appointed conferee, 25960, 32079, 33692

25960; September 19, 1967; Muskie is appointed a conferee to S.602, a bill to revise and extend the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 and to amend the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965.

32079; November 8,1967; Muskie makes a motion that the Senate insist on its amendments and that the chair appoint conferees, following passage of S.780, the Air Quality Act of 1967.

33692; November 22, 1967; Muskie is appointed a conferee on H.R. 10595, a bill to prohibit certain banks and savings and loan associations from fostering or participating in gambling activities.

Senate authorization for certain functions during adjournment, 26369.

26369; September 21, 1967; Muskie requests that during the adjournment of the Senate, the Vice President or the President pro tempore or the Acting President pro tempore be authorized to sign duly enrolled bills, and that the Secretary of the Senate be authorized to receive messages from the House of Representatives.

Senate rules are designed to ensure that each Senator receives full notice of anything that may come before the Chamber. As a result, when the Senate stands in recess, some mechanism is needed to allow for the transaction of routine business, such as receipt of bills or messages from the House of Representatives. The Senate takes care of this with standard Senate boilerplate such as Muskie’s unanimous consent request here.

BUDGET, TAXES, FISCAL POLICY

1967 1st Session, 90th Congress

Income tax: provide an amortization deduction for air pollution control facilities (see bill S. 1466), 8510.

8510; April 6, 1967; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Randolph (D-West Virginia) bill, S. 1466, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to provide an amortization deduction, based on a 36-month period, for air pollution control facilities.

Income tax: deduction for pollution control equipment, 8574.

8574; April 6, 1967; During Randolph’s introduction of his proposed amendments to the Clean Air Act, Muskie and he engage in a brief exchange of compliments upon each other’s work, and a statement by Muskie that the Committee’s and Subcommittee’s approach to legislation is to use the language as a departure point for further consideration, so that the final product often does not resemble the original that is introduced for purposes of serving as markup fodder. Muskie also remarks that he is a cosponsor of one of the amendments Randolph is introducing, the one that would provide a tax credit for air pollution control facilities.

New Jersey Bankers Association, Senator McIntyre, 13997.

13997; May 25, 1967; Muskie inserts the text of a McIntyre (D-New Hampshire) speech to the New Jersey Bankers Association in which, as Chairman of the Small Business Subcommittee, McIntyre points out that some of the views held by the bankers should be reconsidered.

TRADE, EXPORT SUBSIDIES, TARIFFS

1967 1st Session, 90th Congress

Wool and silk fabrics: amend tariff rates relative to (see bills S. 629, 1866), 1300, 13696.

1300; January 24, 1967; Muskie is listed as a cosponsor of a Talmadge (D-Georgia) bill, S.629, to amend the Tariff Schedules of the United States with respect to the rates of duty on certain fabrics containing wool and silk.

13696; May 24, 1967; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Talmadge (D-Georgia) bill, S.1866, to close loopholes in parts 3 and 4 of schedule 3 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States by providing that the provisions in such parts for fabrics in chief value of wool shall also apply to fabrics in chief weight of wool.

The import duty on products brought into the country is governed by Tariff Rate Schedules, lists of products subject to different rates of import tax. As a result, one of the ways members of Congress tried to deal with trade problems was to amend the Tariff Schedules so as to provide for a higher tax on specified kinds of products. Conversely, of course, importers sought to have their products comply with the produce description carrying the lowest tariff rates. The creation of product codes for the Tariff Schedules is an ongoing task, and is subject to manipulation by the efforts of Congress, as well as importers and exporters.

Imports: textile, 4983.

Textile industry: problems, 4983.

4983; March 1, 1967; During an extensive floor discussion of trade issues, without any underlying legislation, Muskie shares his point of view on the emerging problems facing the textile industry and the appropriate governmental response to those problems.

Maine was one of the states losing textile and footwear production and jobs during this period. Textiles and shoes are among the products most easily produced by developing countries, because the machinery and the skills are easily replicated. The decade of the 1960s was one during which the postwar European boom was at its height and the economies of many Asian countries were beginning to catch up with the West. The U.S. was then, as it is today, a vast and wealthy market. It is not surprising that domestic textile and footwear manufacturers were faced with a flood of imports or that their representatives in Congress sought to contain this flood.

Committee on Banking and Currency: notice of hearings, 7079.

7079; March 16, 1967; Muskie announces that the International Finance Subcommittee of the Banking Committee, of which he is chairman, will hold hearings on a bill to amend the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945, on April 12.

Imported articles: provide for orderly marketing of (see bill S. 1446), 8337.

Analysis: S. 1446, Orderly Marketing Act, 8350.

Imports: marketing of, 8350.

Text of S. 1446, Orderly Marketing Act, 8350.

Orderly Marketing Act: introduction, 8350.

8337; April 5, 1967; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.1446, a bill to provide for the orderly marking of articles imported into the United States, to establish a flexible basis for the adjustment by the U.S. economy to expanded trade and to afford foreign supplying nations a fair share of the growth or change in the United States market.

8350; April 5, 1967; Introductory remarks by Muskie on S. 1446, his Orderly Marketing Act. This was legislation Muskie reintroduced in each new Congress in an effort to deal with the continuing surges in textile and footwear imports which threatened and ultimately closed the Maine textile and footwear industry sectors. His bill was designed to limit imports but to permit their growth along with growth in the U.S. economy, in an effort to moderate the flood of foreign products into the country.

Subcommittee on International Finance: hearings, 12422.

Committee on Banking and Currency: notice of cancellation of hearing by, 16317.

12422; May 11, 1967; Muskie announces that pursuant to a pending resolution (S. Res.75) to authorize the Banking and Currency committee to study the effectiveness of a 1965 law seeking to protect American businesses from the Arab economic boycott of Israel, which the Arab nations were then attempting to impose on third parties, the Subcommittee on International Finance will hold hearings on July 6.

16317; June 19, 1967; Muskie announces that the Subcommittee on International Finance of the Banking and Currency Committee has canceled hearings to begin on July 6 on S. Res. 75, a resolution authorizing the Banking and Currency Committee to study the effectiveness of the law protecting U.S. trade and businesses against boycotts by foreign countries against other countries friendly to the U.S. He says the hearings will be rescheduled. Between the announcement of the hearings and their cancellation, the Six-Day War had taken place, with the result that Israel had virtually destroyed the armies of its surrounding Arab neighbors.

Foreign trade, 12429.

International Finance Subcommittee study of foreign trade by, 12429.

12429; May 11, 1967; Muskie announces that as the International Finance Subcommittee has jurisdiction over a number of East-West trade issues, including the Export Control Act, the Defense Production Act and the Export-Import Bank Act, the subcommittee staff will undertake a study over the next weeks to be followed by public hearings on the general matter.

Trade agreements: prevent or remedy serious injury to domestic industry resulting from (see bill S. 1891), 14407.

14407; June 1, 1967; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Smith (R-Maine) bill, S.1891, to amend Title III of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to establish more effective criteria for a finding of serious injury or domestic industry as a result of concessions granted under trade agreements, and to make mandatory the findings of the Tariff Commission with respect to the necessity for tariff adjustments. The purpose of the bill was to modify the triggers for tariff adjustments, so that injury to a domestic industry would be easier to prove, and the President would have no discretion over granting relief. Senators who represent states where local industries face aggressive international trade competition have been attempting to achieve some such goal for many decades.

Textile imports: Impose quotas on certain (see bill S. 1796), 20341.

20341; July 27, 1967; Muskie is added as a cosponsor of a Baker (R-Tennessee) bill, S.1796, to impose quotas on the importation of certain textile articles. Muskie was a champion of the domestic textile industry and, in addition to introducing his own Orderly Marketing Act, often supported the more narrowly-drawn bills aimed at particular segments of the import trade.

 

Export-Import Bank: Byrd amendment relative to countries trading with North Vietnam shall not receive credit from, 12177.

Committee on Banking and Currency, 21419.

Export-Import Bank: amend bill (S. 1155) to extend and increase the authority of, 21786-21788, 21795-21797, 22089, 22090, 22093, 22095, 22096, 22101-22103, 22115, 22196-22201, 22204-22207, 22215, 22217-22220, 22225, 22393, 22394, 22398, 22400

Arms export financing, 21788, 21795-21797, 22089, 22090, 22093, 22095, 22096, 22097, 22101,22102.

East-West trade, 22115, 22196-22198, 22200, 22201, 22204.

Table: summary of operations, Export Import Bank, 21788.

List: members of Eximbank's advisory committee. 21788.

List: developed countries for purposes of the IET, 22098.

Communist countries: trade with 22115, 22196-22198, 22200, 22201, 22204, 22394, 22400.

Vietnam: lending of funds to countries supplying North, 22215, 22217-22220.

12177: This page reference is an error. The Export-Import Bank debate began on August 8, 1967, on page 21786.

21419; August 4, 1967; Notice only of the filing of Report 90-493, to S.1155, the Export-Import Bank bill by Muskie.

21786 – 22115; August 8, 1967; Muskie, acting as floor manager of S. 1155, the bill extending the Export-Import Bank for five years, explains the changes the committee has made to limit the Bank’s involvement in sales of arms to less-developed countries, and the limits placed on the sales of equipment which is trans-shipped to Communist countries. A debate on the Ellender (D-Louisiana) amendment, which seeks to eliminate all arms sales to less-developed countries finds Muskie explaining that members of Congress have known such sales were being made for several years, although they have chosen to claim they were victims of disinformation by the Executive Branch. Excerpts from this section of the debate may be read here.

22196; August 10, 1967; During further debate on the Export-Import Bank bill, Muskie and other Senators discuss the Dirksen (R-Illinois) amendment which would have prevented the sale of U.S. automobile manufacturing tool-making equipment to an Italian company which was then working with the Fiat auto company to sell a Fiat plant to the Soviet Union, and a Byrd (I-Virginia) amendment attempting to deny any Export-Import Bank financing for any government trading with North Vietnam.

22393; August 11, 1967; In continued debate on the President’s discretion under the Export-Import Bank bill, Muskie describes the potential problems involved in a proposal that would have allowed the Congress to veto a Presidential decision.

Vietnam: Byrd amendment to prohibit bank credit to countries trading with North, 23869.

New Zealand: embargo on North Vietnamese trade by, 23869.

Export-Import Bank: New Zealand's embargo on North Vietnam trade, 23869.

Letter: embargo on trade between New Zealand and North Vietnam, F. Corner, 23869.

23869; August 24, 1967; About a week after the Senate debate on the Export-Import Bank bill, in which there was discussion about countries trading with North Vietnam, Muskie notes that the information available to him at the time was for 1966 trade, and was not up to date with respect to New Zealand, and inserts a letter from the New Zealand Ambassador explaining his country’s embargo on trade with North Vietnam.

Groundfish: impose import limitations o (see bill S. 2411), 25486.

25486; September 14, 1967; Muskie is listed as an original cosponsor of a Morse (D-Oregon) bill, S.2411, to provide that the amount of groundfish imported into the United States shall not exceed the average annual amount thereof imported during 1963 and 1964.

Domestic industry and workers: protect from injury by increased imports (see bill S.2476), 27033.

27033; September 27, 1967; Muskie is listed as one of the original cosponsors of a Smith (R-Maine) bill, S.2476, to amend title III of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to establish more effective criteria for a finding of serious injury to domestic industry as a result of concessions granted under trade agreements and to make mandatory the findings of the Tariff Commission with respect to the necessity for tariff adjustment.

Footwear: provide for orderly trade in (se bill S. 2540), 28882.

28882; October 16, 1967; Notice only of Muskie introduction of S.2540, a bill to provide for orderly trade in footwear. Muskie made no introductory or explanatory remarks on this bill, although it appears to be modeled on the broader Orderly Marketing Act which he introduced earlier in the year.

Motion Picture films: provide for free importation of certain (see bill S. 2744), 35499.

35499; This page number is incorrect. The correct page number is 35449.

35449; December 7, 1967; Notice only of Muskie’s introduction of S.2744, a bill to amend the tariff schedules of the United States to provide for the temporary free importation of certain motion picture films. There is no Muskie statement on this bill.

HOUSING, URBAN RENEWAL, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

1967 1st Session, 90th Congress

Ribicoff, Abraham A.: tribute, 1258.

Cities: problems, 1259.

1258, 1259; January 23, 1967; During debate on S.581, a bill which adds a new Urban Redevelopment Area title to the Economic Development Act of 1965, Muskie compliments Ribicoff on his approach to the urban redevelopment problem as well as to the federal organizational problems which his Subcommittee on federal infrastructure tries to deal with.

National Home Ownership Act, 10290.

10290; April 20, 1967; Muskie compliments Senator Percy (R-Illinois) on his proposal to increase home ownership among low income people, and commits to giving the bill his close consideration. Beginning with President Eisenhower’s veto of a major housing bill at the close of his Presidency, the Republican Party struggled to develop ways to overcome the public impression that Republicans were adamantly opposed to all housing programs. Percy had the backing of the Republican leadership in promoting this bill and explicitly sought to make it the leading alternative to Democratic proposals. Muskie was invited to review the measure as a strong and credible advocate of housing legislation.

36th Annual Convention of National Housing Conference, by Senator Sparkman, 10919.

10919; April 26, 1967; Muskie inserts the text of Senator Sparkman’s (D-Alabama) speech to the 36^th Annual Convention of the National Housing Conference in Washington, adding that as Chairman of the Banking Committee and of its Housing Subcommittee, Sparkman is one of the nation’s experts on housing.

Rent Supplement Program (sundry), 20118-20123.

Editorial: Rent Supplement Program (sundry), 20118-20123.

Rent supplement program, 20118, 22379.

Older persons: rent supplement program to aid, 22379.

20118; July 25, 1967; Muskie speaks in support of the rent supplement program and inserts assorted editorials into Record which echo that support. The rent supplement program was consistently defeated and reduced in the House by a coalition of Republicans and Southern Democrats, and Muskie was very frustrated that what he saw as a much less costly housing program than public housing construction was never given a chance to demonstrate its effectiveness.

 

22379; August 11, 1967; Muskie argues for full funding of the Administration’s $40 million request for rent supplemental funds for the elderly, saying that recent hearings by the Special Committee on Aging have demonstrated that of 6.5 million elderly Americans, 3 million live in substandard housing.

Urban Crisis -- America's Domestic Challenge, Virginia State AFL-CIO Convention, by, 22380.

22380; August 11, 1967; Senator Spong (D-Virginia) inserts the text of a Muskie speech to the AFL-CIO on August 8, 1967, at the 12^th annual Virginia AFL-CIO Convention. Muskie describes the rapid expansion of urban areas and the lack of an adequate response to that fact by fragmented government programs.

Cities: programs to improve, 22852.

22852; August 16, 1967; Following a White House meeting between the Congressional leadership and President Johnson, a Senate floor colloquy on the President’s proposals for urban renewal and assistance included a brief Muskie comment.

Housing: Turnkey project, 22974.

Johnson, Lyndon B.: "Turnkey" housing project, 22974.

"Turnkey": public housing project, 22974.

22974; August 17, 1967; Muskie speaks in favor of using the private sector to construct and operate public housing, and commends the President for moving forward on such a project.

Report: Study of Balanced Urbanization and New Community Development, Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, 27429.

27429; October 2, 1967; Muskie talks about the continued growth of the country’s great urban centers on the coasts and around the Great Lakes and the importance of achieving a better balance in population distribution, and inserts a study outline prepared by the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, on which he serves, that would examine the phenomenon and potential responses to it.

Rediscovery of the American City, MIT Alumni Seminar, R. C. Wood, 27899.

27899; October 4, 1967; Muskie inserts a speech to the MIT Alumni Seminar on the American City given by an Under Secretary of HUD, Robert Wood, which he describes as a well-balanced look at urban America. At this time, racial rioting in the inner cities threatened to become endemic and enormous efforts were focused on ways to defuse and solve the problems of the inner cities.