Click here for Fall 1999 semester Explanatory Notes from the Political Science department

Professors Hodgkin, Corlett, and Kessler (on leave, fall semester and Short Term), Associate Professors MacLeod, Chair, and Richter (on leave, 1998-1999); Assistant Professors Hill, Honold, Rivers, and Asher

The major in political science offers students the opportunity to examine politics from a variety of theoretical, cultural, and methodological perspectives. By raising fundamental questions about politics, courses encourage students to reflect carefully about the behaviors, institutions, ideologies, and dynamics of political life. Students are asked to reexamine their commonsense assumptions regarding politics, and to learn to think and write critically about political questions. As the study of politics is inherently multidisciplinary, courses and units stress the importance of the diversity of the political experience, including a global range of cultural issues that address the role of race, class, ethnicity, sexuality, and gender in political life.

Major Requirements. Students majoring in political science must complete ten courses or units.

1. At least four courses in an approved major concentration of political science (described below) or a self- designed concentration approved by the department. Students may not count internships or transfer courses for the major concentration requirement.

2. At least three political science courses in multicultural studies (described below), one of which must be non- Western. Courses in the major concentration may meet the multicultural requirement.

3. At least one 300-level seminar in political science. This seminar serves as a prerequisite for Political Science 457 and 458, the senior thesis.

4. Political Science 457, 458. The senior thesis must be related to the major concentration, unless the student petitions successfully for a waiver.

5. Subject to departmental approval, students may receive credit toward the major for no more than two non- departmental courses in African American studies and/or women’s studies offered by the College. Students may also petition for departmental approval of a maximum of two relevant courses completed in the Junior Year Abroad, Junior Semester Abroad, or Washington Semester programs.

6. Students may count no more than three 100-level courses and one Short Term unit toward the major.

Major Concentrations.Students must either complete four courses/units in one of these approved areas or successfully petition the department to develop their own concentration.

U.S. National Institutions (115, 211, 217, 227, 233, 276, 322).

U.S. Political Processes (115, 118, 211, 214, 233, 294, 310, s23, s24, s25).

Legal Studies (118, 227, 228, 296, 322, 325, 329).

Cultural Politics (165, 233, 244, 248, 289, 294, 298, 310, 325, 335, 376, 393, s27, s34).

Postcolonial Politics (120, 161, 235, 238, 247, 248, 249, 295, 335, 372, 374, 376, 381).

Economic Aspects of Politics (161, 171, 191, 214, 227, 232, 236, 238, 247, 258, 276, 278, 294, 295, 342, 374, 376, 393, s23, s25, s35).

International Studies (120, 171, 232, 236, 238, 247, 248, 258, 276, 278, 347, 381, 383, s27, s28, s35).

History of Western Political Thought (165, 191, 244, 294, 295, 296, 297, 335, 342, 346, 352, 393).

Women and Politics (118, 155, 191, 234, 235, 245, 297, 298, 329, 335, 346, 347, 352).

Politics of Development and Transformation (120, 161, 232, 234, 235, 236, 238, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249, 258, 278, 342, 346, 352, 374, 376, 381, s34).

Multicultural Studies. Multicultural studies explore the complexity of human difference and political activity in local and global settings. Multicultural courses in political science contribute, each in specific ways, to discussions of human diversity across asymmetries of social, political, and economic power.

If the courses selected within the major concentration do not already meet this requirement, the student must complete three courses in multicultural studies, one of which must be non-Western. Non- Western courses include Political Science 120, 165, 232, 233, 234, 235, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 258, 335, 346, 372, 374, 381. Other courses in multicultural studies include Political Science 118, 155, 161, 191, 214, 238, 294, 295, 298, 310, 325, 329, 347, 352, 376, 393.

Declaring a Major in Political Science. To declare a major in political science, the student must complete both the College’s and the department’s major declaration forms. The student should complete the department’s form in consultation with a major advisor, chosen on the basis of the student’s plans for a major concentration. The student is expected to select courses within a major concentration that will serve as the area of a potential thesis topic. A new form must be completed if the student’s interests change.

General Education. Any two courses, only one of which may be at the 100-level, within any one of the major concentrations listed above may serve as a department-designated set. The quantitative requirement may be satisfied through Political Science 310 or 322.

115. American Government and Public Policy. An introductory description and analysis of American governmental and political institutions and processes, with particular focus upon the formulation and administration of public policy. Enrollment limited to 50 per section. D. Hodgkin.

118. Law and Politics. An examination of the political nature of law, legal processes, and legal institutions. Special emphasis on the participation of women and people of color in the legal system and the impact of race and class on legal processes and outcomes. Topics may include stratification in the legal profession, the law school experience, criminal justice, legal discourse, and the utility of law for effecting social and political change. Enrollment limited to 50 per section. M. Kessler.

120. The Moral Foundations of Comparative Political Inquiry. Why do some people eke out a living in a Third World village, while others enjoy life in a Western suburb? Why is there war? Why do some people exercise power over others? Are these things wrong and could humans interact differently? These questions of justice, responsibility, human nature, and power are at the center of political study. This course introduces the moral questions of comparative politics through a cross-cultural and historical selection of theoretical works and case studies. The objectives are an understanding of the basic themes of comparative politics and an exploration of the question: What does moral responsibility mean to the contemporary citizen of the new global community? Enrollment limited to 50. A. MacLeod.

155. Women, Power, and Political Systems: Introduction to Women and Politics. Recent scholarship examines roles and activities of women in political systems and the impact of women’s participation on political life and public policy. Does sex make a difference? Does women’s participation affect power relations between the sexes? This introduction uses the lenses of various fields in the discipline -- voter behavior, constitutional law, comparative politics, and international relations -- to examine women as political actors and to consider how notions of gender difference affect women’s access to and exercise of power in public decision-making and government. Enrollment limited to 50 per section. L. Hill.

161. Patterns in Political Systems. Political science is more than the simple accumulation of information on disjointed, particular, country-specific cases. Rather, it involves the more complex process of establishing patterns of contrasts and similarities among nations. These patterns serve, among other things, to distinguish and anticipate processes of evolution, deterioration, or transformation of political systems. This course introduces students to theories and methods of comparative analysis, while studying examples from the First World of industrialized nations, the Second World of former Communist nations, and the Third World of developing nations. Enrollment limited to 50 per section. Staff.

165. Politics and Popular Culture. Does eating at McDonald’s mean that you become all that McDonald’s represents? Scholars bemoan the loss of the public sphere as our postmodern world elevates the importance of popular culture in political life, with the consumption of such commodities as the Big Mac becoming the source of our political identity. Other scholars see popular culture as politically liberating, as the Big Mac empowers those without access to the institutional power of the state. This course explores the relationship between global capitalism and popular culture in the political life of developing, industrial, and postindustrial societies. Fundamentally, this course asks whether this relationship yields political “communities” which equate the ability to consume commodities with “freedom.” Enrollment limited to 50 per section. P. Rivers.

171. International Politics. This course explores some of the many structures and processes that organize world politics, including the system of sovereign states, the global capitalist economy, and the varied meanings assigned to “nation” and “gender.” To examine how these structures reinforce, intrude upon, and sometimes subvert each other, this course focuses on specific case studies such as international efforts to regulate ozone depletion, nuclear proliferation, the politics of international trade, and world population policies. Enrollment limited to 50 per section. J. Richter.

191. Western Political Theory. The course examines the relation of Western political thought to current struggles against various forms of oppression. When white Western male theorists use the language of truth and justice, law and order, or rights and liberty, do they speak for everyone? Or do their writings reinforce asymmetries of economic and social power? Students consider various responses to questions such as these, while reading and discussing selections from Plato, Machiavelli, Locke, Wollstonecraft, and Marx. Enrollment limited to 50 per section. W. Corlett.

211. American Parties and Elections. The structures, activities, and functions of parties in the American political system. Description and analysis of elections, voter behavior, campaign strategy and finance, and the role of parties in the operation of government. Open to first-year students. D. Hodgkin.

214. City Politics. The government and politics of cities, towns, counties, and special districts, with emphasis on metropolitan areas and suburbia. Topics include analysis of governing coalitions, racial politics, problems of spending and taxation, and the dependence of cities on decisions by corporations and by state and national governments. Open to first-year students. D. Hodgkin.

217. The American Presidency. An examination of 1) theories of political leadership underlying the American executive; 2) constitutional and statutory definitions of its formal powers; and 3) description and analysis of the behavior of presidents and their role in the American political system. Open to first- year students. D. Hodgkin.

227. Judicial Power and Economic Policy. An introduction to the political nature and policy-making role of the U.S. Supreme Court. The course concentrates on 1) the establishment of judicial review and some limits on the exercise of this power, and 2) the role of American courts in making public policy with respect to such matters as taxation, labor unions, and the regulation of business and industry. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. M. Kessler.

228. Constitutional Freedoms. An analysis of judicial interpretations of freedoms provided in the First Amendment. Topics may include subversive advocacy, obscenity and pornography, libel, fighting words, hate speech, and commercial expression. Students read and discuss Supreme Court opinions and commentaries. Recommended background: Political Science 118 and/or 227. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. M. Kessler.

232. The Politics of Post-Communism. The continuing upheaval in the countries of Eastern and Central Europe provides a unique opportunity to examine why things change and why they stay the same. This course investigates the experience of Russia, at least one of the new states in Central Asia, and at least one of the states in Central Europe to compare and contrast different responses to issues that all countries abandoning Soviet- style communism must face, including the creation of a civil society, economic and institutional transformation, the rearrangement of class structures, the status of women, and nationalism. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. J. Richter.

233. African American Politics. This course surveys the place of African Americans in the politics of the United States. Specifically, this course situates the African American political experience in a world rife with change. This transformation simultaneously calls for a politics of race as well as a politics of class. Further, the new politics of identity tosses sexualities and genderings into the fray. This course considers this metamorphosis as it shapes and is shaped by the political process in the United States. Topics include affirmative action, redistricting, AIDS, environmental racism, rap music, and “sushi and grits.” Prerequisite(s): Political Science 115. Open to first- year students. Enrollment limited to 40. P. Rivers.

234. Third World Women and Gender in Economic Development. This course is designed to give students a critical introduction to the central issues within the field of women/gender in economic development in developing societies. Students approach this topic by exploring three broad themes. First, they examine the conceptual literature related to economic development and gender. Second, they explore praxis-oriented strategies to include women/gender in economic development projects. Finally, they explore how mainstream discourses and practices of development are being critiqued and influenced by Third World feminism. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. K. Asher.

235. Black Women in the Americas. Political economy is the framework for examining black women’s status, roles, and activities in the United States, the Caribbean, and Latin America. The course surveys political, economic, social, and cultural experiences of women of African descent, paying close attention to similar historical experiences -- African heritage, slavery, post-emancipation struggles for political rights, and economic security -- as well as to factors such as class and nationality that make for divergent experiences. Review of current issues highlights differences in the impact of gender, race, ethnicity, and class on black women’s lives in First and Third World societies. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. L. Hill.

236. International Political Economy. This course offers an introduction to the theories and debates regarding the politics of trade, multinational corporations, money and finance, and regional integration of developed and developing countries. Students are encouraged to explore the interplay between international politics and economics through detailed case studies such as Japanese-American trade negotiations, European integration, the effects of NAFTA, and the role of the International Monetary Fund in Africa. Not open to students who have received credit for Political Science 376. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. E. Honold.

238. Transnational Corporations and Global Politics. A wide-ranging look at the impact of the transnational corporations on developed and less developed nations. This course provides an overview of the major political controversies surrounding transnational corporations, including their impact on economic development, diplomacy, the status of women, the environment, and national sovereignty. Efforts by governments and international agencies to control transnational corporations and bargaining between states and firms are analyzed through case studies. Recommended background: Political Science 171, 236, or 249. Enrollment limited to 40. E. Honold.

243. Politics and Literature. This course explores the links between politics and literature. Literature creates realities that are often more powerful and influential than the realities themselves; what are the origins and consequences of this power? To explore this question students read and discuss novels, myths, fables, oral narratives, plays, and poetry. Topics include: the construction of authority; the politics of didactic literature and propaganda; the use of oratory and media stories; women's writing; war, violence, and narratives; forms of regime and political power; the construction of alternative realities and breaking hegemony; and the relationship between stories and democratic and authoritarian politics. Students write on literature and politics, and write and discuss stories of their own. Morality, private and political virtue, and political change are central concerns in the exploration of the politics of stories and storytelling. Open to first-year students. Enrollment is limited to 30 per section. A. MacLeod

244. Political Imagination. Has society lost the ability to imagine and create alternative political arrangements? This course uses theoretical and cross-cultural materials to explore the nature of political imagination. What are the sources of political imagination? What constraints limit the envisioning of alternative polities? How do identity differences shape imagining, and who typically voices alternatives? What is the relationship between art, popular culture, and politics? The objective of the course is to explore the politics of consciousness in the West and across cultural boundaries (Middle East and China) to better understand the nature of political creativity. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. A. MacLeod.

245. Political Change, Gender Politics. This course examines comparatively the interplay between democratization and gender relations. Democracy movements create possibilities for women’s activism and for enhancing women’s political status. This course investigates cases of regime change in Latin America, Eastern and Central Europe, and Southern Africa in order to understand the effects of democratization on women’s political status. Students study transitions, state-civil society relations, and their impact on gender relations. Recommended background: Political Science 118, 120, 155, 161, or Women’s Studies 100. Open to first- year students. L. Hill.

247. Regional Politics in Southern Africa: Transition and Transformation. Two questions inform this study of post-World War II politics in Southern Africa: What are the dimensions of internal political transformation? How do they affect interstate political and economic relations in the region? Using a framework that explores political change, this course examines political, economic, and social features of anti-colonial and liberation struggles, territorial occupation and intra-regional war, and anti-apartheid resistance to discover the enduring factors underlying state formation, regional political economy, economic cooperation, and interstate relations. Close scrutiny of ongoing crisis and change in South Africa and their impact on development in the region is a substantial focus of the course. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. L. Hill.

248. Politics of the Middle East. An examination of the forces shaping Middle East politics centering on the dynamics of political change and the politics of identity and legitimacy. After exploring the historical background, Islam and Islamic culture, and the colonial experience, students study case examples, including Lebanon, the Iranian revolution, the Palestinian question, and the Persian Gulf crisis, to develop an understanding of both formal, state-level politics and the crucial politics of informal groups and the household. Considerable attention is focused on the dislocations and opportunities produced by the interplay between tradition and modernity. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. A. MacLeod.

249. Politics of Latin America. This course reviews some of the main economic and political issues confronting Latin America today: economic development; international debt; the breakdown of democracies; authoritarianism; revolution; and the role of working-class, women’s, and peasant movements. Several analytical perspectives are introduced and evaluated in an attempt to outline general patterns in the political development of the continent. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. Staff.

258. Environmental Diplomacy. Environmental hazards rarely recognize state boundaries; people acting to eliminate these hazards often cannot avoid them. Through a series of case studies, this course examines the obstacles to international cooperation on the environment and the strategies people use to overcome them. Case studies include the politics surrounding the depletion of the ozone layer, the depletion of international fisheries, deforestation, and urbanization. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. J. Richter.

276. American Foreign Policy. A study of the problems and processes of American foreign policy. This course considers the historical and institutional setting for this policy, then examines the challenges facing U.S. foreign policy in the contemporary world. Special attention is given to the conflict between an effective foreign policy and American democracy. Enrollment limited to 30 per section. J. Richter.

278. International Cooperation. Can nations cooperate? This course examines selected regional and global efforts to harmonize economic, environmental and security relations, including the United Nations, the European Union, and the Rio Earth Summit. Students read and evaluate theories of international cooperation and apply them to detailed case studies. Considerable attention is given to the changing boundaries between nation states and international organizations. Prerequisite(s): Political Science 171 or 236. Open to first- year students. Enrollment limited to 40. E. Honold.

289. Hate, the State, and Representation. This course examines the representational strategies that the state employs to establish and maintain a stable identity among its constituencies by identifying and disciplining “deviance.” Possible topics include: body politics in the French Revolution; race and role models in contemporary culture; nationalism and sexuality in Western Europe; citizenship, “rootlessness,” and the Roma (Gypsies) in Eastern Europe; race, disease, and genocide in the Tuskegee syphilis experiment. This course is the same as Art 289 and Rhetoric 289. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 54. C. Nero, J. Richter, E. Rand.

294. Political Thought in the United States. Debates about liberalism shape political discourse in the United States. Liberalism, in theory, offers great promise if one subscribes to individualism. In practice, however, liberalism leaves much to be desired, especially as liberalism contributes to social stratification. Covering thinkers from the seventeenth century to the present, this course considers competing views of liberalism in the United States and especially explores the thinking of those who challenge the dominant liberal paradigm based on liberalism’s inability to deal with difference and the resulting social stratification. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. P. Rivers.

295. Reading Marx, Rethinking Marxisms. Students practice different ways of reading and rethinking the work of Karl Marx. The first part of the course permits unrushed, close reading and discussion of Marx’s most well-known texts. The second part emphasizes recent efforts by critical theorists to revise the original doctrine without abandoning radical politics. Topics for reading and discussion include various Marxist feminisms, Marxist literary theory, and other Marxist interventions against capitalism. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. W. Corlett.

296. Contract and Community. Western political thought frequently explores relationships -- including contracts and community -- between individuals and the state, but the terms of this discourse are hotly contested. Why do “contracts” so often seem to ignore the unequal power of the parties involved? Must terms like “community” erase the politics of human difference? How do categories such as “individual” and “state” restrict even the politics of privileged men as well as neglect considerations of women, race, and class? Students read and discuss a variety of texts, including Hobbes, Rousseau, and contemporary theorists. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. W. Corlett.

297. The Household and Political Theory. Western political theories often acknowledge, either implicitly or explicitly, the importance of domestic considerations -- such as child-bearing, sexual relations, and issues of home economics -- but rarely appreciate their political significance. And sometimes theorists who acknowledge that the personal is political miss the significance of the so-called racial classification or class position of the domestic situations they study. Drawing from Western and non-Western feminist, socialist, and other sources, this course stresses close reading of theories that highlight the politics of domestic life. Because many of these arguments involve criticism of Western political thought, students also study how various Western classics (for example, Plato, Aristotle, Rousseau, or Hegel) situate domesticity. Recommended background: Political Science 191. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. W. Corlett.

298. Sexuality and the Politics of Difference. Picture females and males learning how to be women and men by distancing themselves from each other’s prescribed gender roles. What’s missing in this picture? Identity politics often gives the impression that patterns of self and other are fixed in nature, culture, or both. The politics of difference marks a refusal to reduce life’s ambiguities to orderly patterns. Various gay and lesbian constructions of sexuality provide suggestive terrain for exploring how theories of difference undermine fixed patterns of sexuality. Students read, discuss, and write about recent work in political theory within a context of difference influenced in part by Foucault, Lacan, and Derrida. Recommended background: Political Science 191. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. W. Corlett.

310. Public Opinion. An analysis of controversies concerning the formation, nature, and role of public opinion in American politics. The course examines attitudes on selected current issues among persons with a variety of social and economic backgrounds. Students learn the methodology of sample surveys (polls), appropriate statistics, and how to use the computer to analyze data. No previous knowledge of statistics or computing is assumed. Prerequisite(s): Political Science 115 or 211. Enrollment limited to 16. D. Hodgkin.

322. American Legislative Behavior. Analysis of the behavior of American legislators, including such topics as constituency relations, norms and roles, committee decision-making, leadership strategies, determinants of roll-call voting, and patterns of legislative policy-making. Students learn appropriate statistics and how to use the computer to analyze roll-call votes or other behavior. No previous knowledge of statistics or computing is assumed. Prerequisite(s): one of the following: Political Science 115, 211, or 217. Enrollment limited to 16. D. Hodgkin.

325. Constitutional Rights and Social Change. An exploration of relationships between constitutional rights and movements for social change. Rights are examined as legal declarations that empower the oppressed, as ideological constructions that reinforce privilege, and as resources of unknown value that may be employed in political struggle. The utility of rights is examined in the civil rights and women’s rights movements. Prerequisite(s): one of the following: Political Science 118, 227, 228, or 329. Enrollment limited to 15. M. Kessler.

329. Law and Gender. An analysis of legal constructions of gender and women’s rights in legal documents, legal processes, and judicial decisions. Among the theoretical issues addressed are debates over conventional equality approaches in legal doctrine, equality versus difference perspectives, ways in which legal language constructs gender, the incorporation of gender in ideologies of law, and the intersection of gender and race in legal doctrine and theory. Prerequisite(s): one of the following: Political Science 118, 227, 228, or 325. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 15. M. Kessler.

335. Black Political Thought. What does it mean to be black? This question has perplexed blacks in the Americas, as black identities have shaped and been shaped by “white” and “black” cultures. Focusing on gender, this course relates issues of political power and institutions to shifting identities that shape relations of domination and resistance within and between cultures in the Americas. Readings include poetry, autobiography, fiction, personal narratives, and other political prose. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior standing and one course in either political science, women’s studies, African American studies, or American cultural studies. Enrollment limited to 15. P. Rivers.

342. The State at a Crossroads. Is the era of “big government” over? Have the Reagan, Thatcher, and Gingrich revolutions succeeded in changing the role of government as we know it? What are the alternatives to these conservative scenarios? This seminar explores the theoretical and public policy dimensions of the current debate surrounding the proper role of the state in the United States, Western Europe, and selected developing countries. Topics for discussion include welfare reform, privatization, economic development, and social control. Prerequisite(s): one of the following: Political Science 161, 236, or Economics 101. Enrollment limited to 15. E. Honold.

345. NGOs and World Politics. The phenomenal growth of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in recent decades has made them increasingly influential actors in international politics. This course examines NGO strategies in human rights (including the rights of women) and environmental policy, and critically evaluates their role in global affairs. What is the relation between international NGOs, their donors, and their constituents? What happens when relatively rich international NGOs interact with relatively poor indigenous organizations and populations? Has growing NGO activity caused changes in current understandings of state sovereignty? Prerequisite(s): one of the following: Political Science 161, 171, 234, 236, 245, or 278. Enrollment is limited to 15. J. Richter

346. Power and Protest. The role of subordinates in power relations ranges from resigned acceptance of exploitation to active revolution. This course examines the nature of power; the focus is a comparative study of the parts played by subordinate groups in different power relationships and cultural contexts. Readings and discussion center on a combination of theoretical studies of power, and case materials, primarily on peasants and women in the developing world. The goal is to understand the meaning of “resistance.” Recommended background: one course in comparative politics or political theory. Enrollment limited to 15. A. MacLeod.

347. Gender and the State. Two key questions provide the focus in this course: How is gender related to definitions of citizenship, politics, and the state? What is the nature of women’s political roles and activities in contemporary societies? Connections between gender and politics made by political theorists form the basis for examining women’s relationship to states cross-nationally. The impact of gender in shaping women’s and men’s political status, roles, and behavior in political institutions and public policy is a focus of study. The course culminates in an examination of women’s political activism directed toward redefining their roles in politics and controlling important aspects of their lives, thus articulating different visions of women’s relationship to the state. Recommended background: one course in comparative politics, political theory, or women and politics. Enrollment limited to 15. L. Hill.

352. Women as Political Subjects. The ambiguity of women’s agency within relations of power is the central theme of this seminar. How do women construct identity in the face of domination? How can women speak with an authentic voice? How can alternatives be created, and what is women’s part in political transformations? Should feminist theory insist on retaining an idea of woman as subject at all? Using a diverse range of theoretical works and case studies, drawn from the Western political tradition, feminist theory, and the developing world, students consider the politics of constructing and expressing the self. Recommended background: one course in political theory or comparative politics. Enrollment limited to 15. A. MacLeod.

360. Independent Study. Guided reading, writing, and discussion on selected topics approved by the department. This does not satisfy the department’s requirement of a 300-level course. Students are limited to one independent study per semester. Staff.

365. Special Topics. A course or seminar offered from time to time and reserved for a special topic selected by the department. Satisfies the department’s 300-level requirement only if specified in individual course description.

365A. Race and Ethnicity in Latin America. In nineteenth-century Latin America, mestizaje (racial mixing) became the foundation for the construction of new, independent nations. This course examines how Latin American states used their indigenous and African American peoples to construct glorious national histories and to distinguish themselves from their European counterparts. The course examines how class and racial/ethnic identity have intersected in contemporary Latin America. Specific attention is paid to African American and Indian movements that have used race as a basis for political activity and collective action. How are these groups proposing to remake the nation and to renegotiate nationalism today? Recommended background: one course in comparative politics. Enrollment limited to 15. Staff.

372. Nationalism and Political Identification. Amidst the economic talk of “globalization,” political events of the past few years have underlined the central political significance of nationalism and culturally related sources of political identification. Students explore the significance and mobilizing force of cultural, ethnic, and racial forms of identification and how these undermine the homogenizing expectations of both liberal-conservative and traditional Marxist theories on development. Particular attention is given to developing a historical and theoretical understanding of the category “nationalism,” and to postcolonial writings. Recommended background: one course in comparative politics. Enrollment limited to 15. Staff.

374. The Latin Caribbean: Reconsidering Dependency. This seminar familiarizes the student with the present sociopolitical situation of four island-nations of the Greater Antilles: Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Puerto Rico. Particular attention is placed on developing a theoretical understanding of dependency as a framework for analysis in understanding the problems of identity, political development, and democracy in the situation of “geographical insignificance” that the nations of the Caribbean are sometimes said to represent. Recommended background: courses in comparative politics. Enrollment limited to 15. Staff.

376. Poverty and Democracy. In the wake of capitalist disorganization experienced in the 1980s in advanced societies, a renewed criticism of social welfare programs has exploded. In its most recent Western manifestations, it is associated with the growing strength of neo-conservative groups, as well as with “liberalization” economic policies. This course examines how attacks on the poor are connected to the evolution of capitalism. It interrogates the concept of “democracy,” asking if it is related to the achievement of social justice. Prerequisite(s): one course in political science. Enrollment limited to 15. Staff.

381. Imperialism: A Comparative Approach. Though the age of formal political empires may have passed, the experience of European and North American imperialism remains embedded in the institutions and culture of both colonizers and colonized. Some scholars also argue that the formal imperialism of the past has been replaced with a new, in some ways more pervasive, form of imperialism. This course examines the institutions and the ideologies -- particularly racialist ideologies -- that spawned and supported European imperialism over the years, as well as the lasting impacts of imperialism upon colonized societies. In addition to discussing imperialism as a global phenomenon, students are asked to compare and contrast the specific practices and legacies of British, United States, and Russian/Soviet imperialism. Recommended background: Political Science 120, 161, 171, English 252 and/or Anthropology 250. Enrollment limited to 15. J. Richter.

383. Change in the International System. This course examines different theoretical approaches to international politics and their explanations for international change. Readings and discussion focus particularly on different and changing conceptions of state sovereignty in a world in which economic organization and political activism increasingly transcend state boundaries. Students are required to write a research paper applying these approaches to a case study of contemporary interest in international relations. Prerequisite(s): Political Science 171. Enrollment limited to 20. J. Richter.

393. Environmental Justice. A critical examination of environmental thought at the intersection of contemporary arguments on political rights, social equality, and economic development. When does public regulation of health in the workplace and community conflict with the property rights of private corporations? Where does environmental thought illuminate and where does it obfuscate local and global problems related to racism and sexism? How does contemporary thinking about environmental problems come to terms with uneven economic development at home and abroad? Students think critically about arguments concerning environmental racism, eco- feminism, sustainable development, deep ecology, green political activism, and other issues from a variety of political perspectives. Recommended background: Political Science 191. Prerequisite(s): two courses in political science. Enrollment limited to 15. W. Corlett.

394. Contemporary Liberalism and Democratic Action. Twentieth-century Western liberalism has faced new challenges of cultural pluralism: including people previously excluded on the grounds of race, gender, and sexuality; speaking to both sides of the widening gap between rich and poor nations; coming to terms with the rights of indigenous peoples; and reconciling capitalism and democracy. Do contemporary formulations of this diverse and venerable tradition show how to negotiate the contested terrain of twenty-first-century cultural politics? Or is Western liberalism necessarily an apologist for the exclusionary politics of a bygone era? Students read and criticize recent authors who discuss these questions against the backdrop of canonical texts. Prerequisite(s): one of the following: Political Science 191, 294, 296, 346, Philosophy 256 or 257. Enrollment is limited to 15. W. Corlett

395. The Politics of Biodiversity Conservation. This reading-intensive seminar takes a critical look at discourses and practices of tropical biodiversity conservation. The course takes a "cultural studies approach" in exploring the connections between the scientific claims of conservation biology, discourses of tropical biodiversity as a global resource, and the environmental and development policies in Third World regions. Using specific examples of conservation and development projects in the neotropics, the course examines the strategic and material concerns of international, national, and local stakeholders. The broader goal of this interdisciplinary seminar is to add to the dialogue between the social and the natural sciences. Prerequisite(s): two of the following: Anthropology 228, 266, 252, 275, 339, Economics 101, 222, 336, Political Science 171, 191, 234, 236, 238, 249, 258, 295, 347, 371, 374 or Women's Studies 266. Recommended background: one course in the natural sciences. Enrollment is limited to 15. K. Asher

421. Congressional Internship. Part-time internships, primarily in local offices of members of the Maine delegation in the United States Congress. Reading and writing on congressional staffs, constituencies, and relations with the bureaucracy. Prerequisite(s): Political Science 115 or 322. Enrollment limited to 15. Written permission of the instructor is required. D. Hodgkin.

422. Social Justice Internships. Part-time internships in several community organizations that deal with problems of racism, heteronormativity, gender inequity, and economic distress. Students work on projects in policy areas such as health care, environmental justice, and HIV prevention. Reading and writing on community organizing, action research, and public policy. Prerequisite(s): one of the following: Political Science 191, 295, 298, or 393. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 15. Written permission of the instructor is required. W. Corlett.

457. 458. Senior Thesis. Discussion of methods of research and writing, oral reports, and regular individual consultation with instructors. Required of political science majors. Students register for Political Science 457 in the fall semester and for Political Science 458 in the winter semester. Majors writing a two-semester thesis or an honors thesis register for both Political Science 457 and 458. Students may not count 458 as a course credit toward the major. Prerequisite(s): one 300- level seminar in political science. Staff.

Short Term Units

s17. The Several Sides of the Cold War. This unit reexamines the history of the Cold War in light of new evidence from Soviet, Chinese, German, and other sources. In addition to secondary material, students examine archival documents and memoirs (in translation) pertaining to such events as the division of Germany, the Korean War, the Sino-Soviet conflict, the building of the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis. The unit uses these cases to discuss crisis bargaining and conflict resolution, the sources of misperception in international politics, and the interaction between foreign and domestic policy. This unit is the same as History s17. Open to first-year students. J. Richter.

s20. Environmental Politics. A practice-oriented unit on the development of environmental quality as a political issue, and the government policies and interest-group tactics that have resulted. Case studies, simulations, class discussions, and policy analyses illuminate methods of resolving environmental political issues. Enrollment limited to 25. Staff.

s21. Internships in Community Service. Students gain exposure to daily living experiences different from their own through service internship placements in such settings as shelters for the homeless and for abused women, soup kitchens, and food banks. Participants meet with the instructor to explore relationships between academic writings related to the people the students serve and their own internship experiences and observations. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Kessler.

s22. The Politics of Cultural Production: African Films and Filmmaking. As self- representation African films challenge the stereotypical images of the continent presented in Hollywood movies. They are part of the effort to create new images in the post-independence era, helping to forge national identities through a reinvention of a shared past. Using feature films produced by Africans for an African audience, this unit explores the challenges faced in contemporary African society, as seen through African eyes. Recommended background: one course in African studies and/or film studies. This unit is the same as Anthropology s22. Enrollment limited to 35. E. Eames, L. Hill.

s23. Organized Interests and American Democracy. The role and function of interest groups in the American political system. Examines relations between membership and leaders, techniques used to influence political outcomes, and their impact on public policy. Students engage in a group research project on lobbying or political-action committees in Maine. Enrollment limited to 15. D. Hodgkin.

s24. Urban Political Change: Lewiston. An examination of the political and governmental development of American cities. Using Lewiston as a case study, students conduct research on such topics as changes in institutions; evolution of selected municipal services; class, gender, and ethnic backgrounds of office holders; patterns in election returns; and the roles of party machines, business, key politicians, and other participants in local politics. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 15. D. Hodgkin.

s25. Labor, Class, Community Action. Students practice using class as an organizing principle in political theory. The unit emphasizes analysis and evaluation of arguments that relate class to problems of labor organization and community action. Readings include selections from the classics (such as Marx and Weber) as well as recent theoretical work that pays close attention to gender and race. Projects may focus on local community organization, the politics of labor in the United States, or more global labor movements. Recommended background: Political Science 191. Enrollment limited to 20. W. Corlett.

s27. Nationalism in Eastern and Central Europe. Nationalist tensions plague Eastern and Central Europe today as they have through much of modern history. This unit studies this region to explore more general issues of nationalism and national identity. How do nations define themselves? How do these “imagined communities” command such fierce loyalties? What are the politics of nationalism in a multinational state? How and why do national identities change? Enrollment limited to 25. J. Richter.

s29. Politics and the Essay. The essay is experiencing a renaissance, appropriated by a diverse range of writers for new purposes. In this unit, students examine the politics of the essay by studying the special qualities and politics of this genre, and by reading a wide range of essays drawn from diverse historical periods and cultural locations. Students write and discuss a series of essays of their own. Special attention is paid to understanding the essay genre, constructions of self and other, and women writers and the essay. Students also examine political writing, situating the essay within other forms of political expression. Open to first-year students. Enrollment is limited to 15. A. MacLeod

s31. Internships in State and Local Government and Politics. A seminar on the performance and politics of state and local governments. Research relevant to some particular aspect of subnational governance and policy-making is examined and applied to an internship or other field experience in the State Legislature, state or local administration, party organization, or political campaign. Prerequisite(s): an appropriate American government course. Enrollment limited to 20. Written permission of the instructor is required. C. Beam.

s34. Popular Culture and Politics in a Postmodern World. Postmodernism has been defined as the ability to live in a context of contradiction and permanent change; this unit explores the complex politics of popular culture throughout the postmodern world through theoretical readings and cross-cultural case studies. Student group field research projects are the main focus of the unit as they explore the question: does popular culture offer a route for political resistance, or only increased domination? Enrollment limited to 12. A. MacLeod.

s35. International Debt Negotiation. This unit explores the politics of the international debt crisis. Students learn about debt negotiations from different perspectives (debtor country leaders, creditor banks, the International Monetary Fund, and the U.S. government) through role-playing and simulations. Students are encouraged to explore a variety of sources, including government documents, speeches, financial statistics, and interviews, as part of their preparation for the negotiation simulations and a short paper. Recommended background: courses in international relations or economics. This unit is the same as Political Science s33. Enrollment limited to 25. E. Honold.

s50. Individual Research. Registration in this unit is granted by the department only after the student has submitted a written proposal for a full-time research project to be completed during the Short Term and has secured the sponsorship of a member of the department to direct the study and evaluate results. Students are limited to one individual research unit. Staff.

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