- Lymphatic system:
Know the general pattern of lymph drainage, including the structure of lymph nodes and their locatuions.
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Nonspecific body defenses:
understand what "nonspecific" means, and
be able to give several examples of nonspecific body defenses.
- Antigens and the immune system:
Know what characterizes an immune response;
also know the differences between
Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI) and Antibody-Mediated Immunity (AMI).
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Development of the lymphatic and immune systems:
understand how immunity is acquired.
- Lymphatic and immune disorders:
know some examples of both overactive and deficient immune systems.
- VOCABULARY TO KNOW:
THIS LIST IS UNDER DEVELOPMENT AND MAY EXPAND
Lymph: Connective tissue, draining unidirectionally (one-way) into the blood stream, containing lymph plasma and
nongranular leukocytes.
Lymphoma: Cancer of the lymphatic system.
Mononucleosis: Viral infection (with Epstein-Barr virus) that attacks B-lymphocytes and results in a great proliferation
of T-lymphocytes and great fatigue, most common at age 15-25, often lasting many weeks.
Splenomegaly: Infectious enlargement of the spleen.
Tolsilitis: Infectious enlargement of the palatine tonsils.
Sepsis (septic shock): Uncontrolled bacterial infection, usually fatal.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): A body-wide (systemic) autoimmune disorder, more common in females, in which
antibodies attack DNA; often marked by a "butterfly rash" on the face.
Phagocytosis: Process in which amoeba-like cells engulf and digest other cells.
Natural killer cells: Large, granular lymphocytes that nonspecifically kill cancerous and virus-infected cells.
Antigen: Anything that provokes an immune response.
Hapten: An incomplete antigen, provoking an immune response only when combined with another molecule (usually a protein).
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC): A series of glycoproteins that identifies cells as "self".
Antigen-presenting cells (APC): Macrophage cells, dendritic cells, or B-lymphocytes that expose the essential parts of antigens
(antigenic determinants) for T-lymphocytes to find and respond to.
Clonal selection: Proliferation of a clone of cells as a result of binding to an antigen.
Immunological memory: Maintenance of "memory" cells capable of recognizing an antigen previously encountered.
Antibodies: Soluble proteins capable of binding to specific antigens.
Active immunity: Ability to mount an immune response to a specific antigen, e.g., by manufacturing antibodies.
Passive immunity: Presence of antibodies, but without the ability to make more of them.
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