- Cell anatomy: Know the structure, composition, and appearance of the various
cell structures illustrated in the text and online.
In particular, know the structure of
plasma membranes and of the many organelles made from plasma membranes.
- Cell physiology: Know the ways in which
different cellular structures change over time and the ways in which they function.
- Tissues: Know the different
tissue types described in class and online.
- VOCABULARY TO KNOW:
THIS LIST IS UNDER DEVELOPMENT AND MAY EXPAND
Cell: The smallest part of a living system that exhibits all the properties of life, including reproduction.
Plasma membrane: A lipid bilayer also containing proteins.
Endoplasmic reticulum: A series of broad, flattened, fluid-filled vesicles connected to one another and bounded by
membranes similar to the plasma membrane.
Mitochondria: Organelles containing two membrane layers (with the inner layer often highly folded) and containing
many enymes responsible for the Krebs cycle and electron transport.
Ribosomes: RNA-rich particles responsible for protein synthesis (translation).
Lysosomes: Membrane-bounded sacs containing protein-digesting enzymes.
Vesicle: Membrane-bounded sac containing material recently incorporated into the cell or budded off from another organelle.
Golgi apparatus: A series of vesicles responsible for packaging proteins.
Vacuole: A small (usually round) compartment surrounded by a membrane and containing either water or a secretion product.
Nucleus: A large organelle, surrounded by a double membrane, containing most of a cell's DNA.
Nucleolus: An RNA-rich region within the nucleus.
Cytoskeleton: A series of long, fibrous proteins (microtubules and microfilaments) inside a cell.
Microtubules: Tubular structures made of proteins responsible for defining cell shape, generating cell movement, and
causuing chromosome movements during cell division.
Flagellum: A long, whiplike structure consisting of a "9 + 2" arrangement of microtubules.
Cilia: Hairlike structures on the surface of a cell, consisting of a "9 + 2" arrangement of microtubules.
Centriole: Either of a pair of structures, located just outside the nucleus, consisting of a "9 + 2" arrangement of microtubules,
and responsible for pulling chromosomes to either end of the cell during cell disivion.
Tissue: A group of similar cells and their products, built together (structurally integrated) and functioninf together (functionally integrated).
Epithelial tissue: A type of tissue that initially develops in broad sheets.
Connective tissue: A type of tissue that contains large amounts of extracellular material ("matrix").
Muscle tissue: A type of tissue specialized for contraction.
Nervous tissue: A type of tissue specialized for conducting impulses along its membrane surfaces.
|
|