Satyricon!

Advanced Latin (201, 301, 401)

• Paradigms

	Present	Future	Imperfect
1st conjugation	negö /negämus negäs /negätis negat /negant	negäbö /negäbimus negäbis /negäbitis negäbit/negäbunt	negäbam /negäbämus negäbäs /negäbätis negäbat /negäbant
2nd conjugation	appäreö /appärëmus appärës /appärëtis appäret/appärent	appärëbö /appärëbimus appärëbis /appärëbitis appärëbit /appärëbunt	appärëbam /appärëbämus appärëbäs /appärëbätis appärëbat /appärëbant

• Notes on paradigms
  
  
  • Certain forms look like exceptions to the rule
    • negö not negäö appäreö not appärëö negat not negät appärent not appärënt
    • negäbö not negäbiö appärëbunt not appärëbint negäbam not negäbäö
      
      
  • All of these apparent exceptions in fact follow Latin phonetic rules.
    • e.g., long vowels in the last syllable of a word become short if followed by the letters "t, nt, or m"
      • negat not negät
        
        
    • long and short vowels in succession can combine:
      • e.g. ä ö -> ö; ë ö -> eö i ö -> ö
        • negö not negäö negäbö not negäbiö appäreö not appärëö

• These phonetic rules are explained in Allen & Greenough (14-17; 174-183). You may either learn the rules or memorize the paradigms. I personally have found it easier just to memorize (using flash cards), but students who are interested in linguistics will probably found the phonetics fascinating.
  
  
• However you choose to master the paradigms, you must be able to generate and identify forms immediately. When I say in class "To deny: 2s imperf ind act," you must answer without a moment's hesitation: negäbäs. When I say in class "appärëbunt," you must answer with lightening like rapidity, " 3p fut ind act." The key to obtaining this facility is to drill, drill, drill.