(Intensive) Latin s20
Bates College
Short Term, '01

introduction
formation
paradigms

present active subjunctive - 1st conjugation
imperfect active subjunctive - all conjugations
perfect active subjunctive - all conjugations
pluperfect active subjunctive - all conjucations
subjunctive of sum

There is no word for word translation of the subjunctive.  Generally speaking, however, you will find it easy to recognize and translate the subjunctive because it is a fairly complete system in Latin used a range of specified cases generally characterized by the absence of factual assertion (e.g., conditions).
There are only four tenses of the subjunctive: present, imperfect, perfect and pluperfect.

The subjunctive is easily distinguished from the indicative because in formation it will change the stem vowel (e.g.: optäs (ws pres act ind) vs optës (2s pres act subj) or will use a distinctive verb stem (e.g. optäbam (1s imperf act ind) vs. optärem (1s imperf act subj); or will add a mood marker to a verb stem (e.g. optävï (1s perf act ind) vs optäverim (1s perf act subj)).

formation:

change stem vowel (ä) to (ë)
add present endings (nb. 1s = "m")

drill:

labörö (1)
dubitö (1)

imperfect active subjunctive - all conjugations
 

formation:

stem = present active infinitive (2nd principal part)
lengthen the final 'e'
add present endings (nb: 1s = "m")

drill:

cögitö (1)
moneö, ëre, monuï, monitus
incolö, ere, uï, ---
veniö, ïre, vënï, ventus

formation:

perfect stem (3rd principal part minus "ï")
add "eri"
add present system endings (nb: 1s = "m")

drill:

superö(1)
taceö, ëre, tacuï, tacitus
capiö, ere, cëpï, captus
veniö, ïre, vënï, ventus

formation:

perfect stem (3rd principal part minus "ï")
add "issë"
add present system endings (nb: 1s = "m")

drill:

mutö (1)
teneö, ëre, tenuï, tentus
pellö, ere, pepulï, pulsus
veniö, ïre, vënï, ventus

formation:

present subjunctive: just memorize.  The other tenses form according to the rules based on the principal parts of sum: sum, esse, fuï, futürus

imperfect subjunctive:  stem is "esse"; remember to lengthen final "e" (essë)
perfect subjunctive: stem is "fu + eri"
pluperfect subjunctive: stem is "fu + issë"