(Intensive) Latin s20
Bates College
Short Term, '01

• paradigm verbs
• formation
• first conjugation
• second conjugation

1. paradigm verbs:

• optö, optäre, optävï, optätus
• implëo, implëre, implëvï, implëtus

• drop ending from 2nd principal part (present active infinitive) [-re]
• you are left with the root plus the stem vowel, which together are referred to as the present stem of the verb
• optäre -> optä + re [stem "opt" + "ä" (1st conjugation stem vowel)]
• present stem = optä
• implëre -> implë + re [stem "impl" + "ë" (2nd conjugation stem vowel)]
• present stem = implë
• add tense marker
• present - none -> optä/implë
• future - "bi" -> optäbi/implëbi
• imperfect - "bä" -> optäbä/implëbä
• add personal endings (which indicate person and number of verb)
• singular: plural:
• 1st: -ö/m -mus
• 2nd: -s -tis
• 3rd: - t -nt
• note:
• In the present system, "m" is the 1st person singular ending only in the imperfect
• the stem vowel shortens before final "-m, -t, -nt"
• there are sound phonetic reasons for the 1st person singular forms; just memorize
• there are sound phonetic reasons for the 3rd person future plural forms; just memorize

4. second conjugation: present indicative system

Singular
	Present	Imperfect	Future
1. [ö/m]	implëo	implëbam	implëbö
2. [-s]	implës	implëbäs	implëbis
3. [-t]	implet	implëbat	implëbit
Plural
1. [-mus]	implëmus	implëbämus	implëbimus
2. [-tis]	implëtis	implëbätis	implëbitis
3. [-nt]	implent	implëbant	implëbunt

Drill:

present, imperfect and future of :ambulö (1); clämö (1); dönö (1)

present, imperfect and future of: habeö, ëre, habuï, habitus; terreö, ëre, terruï, territus; videö, ëre, vïdï, vïsus