| てーform | VERB | ADJECTIVES and/or NOUN |
| て of "and" (L7) | Aて /Nでof "and" (L7) | |
| てください(L7) please do~ | n/a | |
| ている(L8) be doing ~; did and still do (have been doing | n/a | |
| てくださいませんか(L12) "Would you please do ~ for me? | n/a | |
| て来る(L12) do ~ and come back here | n/a | |
| てみる(L12) try doing ~ and see | n/a | |
| て of "cause" (L13) so; therefore | Aて/Nで of "cause" (L13) so; therefore | |
| ても いい(L14) may do ~; be allowed to do | n/a | |
| ては いけない(L14) must not do ~; be prohibited to do | n/a |
| Stem or V pre-masu Form | VERB | ADJECTIVES and/or NOUN |
| ましょうか (L7) Shall
I (we) do ~? ましょう (L7) Let's do ~ |
n/a | |
| に行く/来る/帰る(L8) go/come (+home) to do ~ | n/a | |
| ながら(L12) While doing action, ・・・ | n/a | |
| そう (L13) based on "sense" to seem; look | そう for adjectives ONLY(L13) to seem; look | |
| たい(L15) I/we/you want to do ~ | n/a | |
| たがっている(L15) someone/they want(s) to do ~ | n/a |
| Ba form | VERB | i-ADJECTIVE and NEG. of Na-adj. & NOUN |
| 〜ば conditional (L14) if ~ | 〜ば conditional (L14) if~ | |
| 〜ば いい (L14) I/we hope/ wish ~ | 〜ば いい (L14) I/we hope/ wish ~ |
| Volitional form | VERB | ADJECTIVES and/or NOUN |
| と思う(L13) I think of doing ~ | n/a | |
| とした時(L13) someone is about to do ~ | n/a | |
| とする somebody tries to do ~: to make effort | n/a |
| Plain forms | meaning ["concept"] | VERB | i-Adj. | Na-Adj. & NOUN present-affirmative |
| (ん/の L12)でしょう (L9) | probably ~ | all | all | Nな /Na-Adj.な |
| と言っている(L9) | someone says that | all | all | Nだ /Na-Adj.だ |
| と思う(L9) | I think that | all | all | Nだ /Na-Adj.だ |
| Modifying nouns (L9 & 10) | N who/ whom/ that/ which/ etc. | all | all | Nの /Na-Adj.な |
| から(L11) | because | all | all | Nだ /Na-Adj.だ |
| ので(L11) | because |
all | all | Nな /Na-Adj.な |
| んorの です(L12) | "emphasis" "sympathetic/ attentive" | all | all | Nな /Na-Adj.な |
| (ん/の)だろうと思う (L12) | I think that probably | all | all | N(なの) /Na-Adj.(なの) |
| (ん/の)かも しれない(L12) | may ~; might | all | all | N(なの) /Na-Adj.(なの) |
| が(L6) | although | all | all | Nだ /Na-Adj.だ |
| けれども(L13) | although | all | all | Nだ /Na-Adj.だ |
| 時(L13) | when | all | all | Nの /Na-Adj.な |
| よてい(L13) | "plan" "schedule" | Non-past | n/a | Nの |
| 間(L13) | while | Non-past | all | Nの /Na-Adj.な |
| はず(L14) | "expectation" be supposed to ~ | Non-past | all | Nの /Na-Adj.な |
| のがAdj.です(L15) | doing / being ~is Adj. | Non-past | all | Na-Adj.な |
| つもり(L15) | "intention" | Non-past | n/a | n/a |
| ないほうがいい(L11) | better not to do ~ | Non-past, negative only | n/a | n/a |
| たほうがいい (L11)
|
had better to do | Past-affirmative only | n/a | n/a |
| た ことがある(L15) | "experience" | Past-affirmative only | n/a | n/a |
| てーform | VERB | ADJECTIVES and/or NOUN |
| てしまう(L16) completely or regrettably done | n/a | |
| [他動詞 transitive verb]てある(L18) something is done | n/a | |
| ておく(L18) "someone does ~ in advance; for later use" "set aside" | n/a | |
| Nをあげる/もらう/くれる(L20)
giving & receiving |
n/a |
| Stem or V pre-masu Form | VERB | ADJECTIVES and/or NOUN |
| ませんか(L17) why don't
you do ~ (polite invitation) |
n/a | |
| かた(L19) how to do ~ | n/a | |
| なさい(L19) "command" | n/a | |
| お〜になる(L19) "honorific" | n/a | |
| ご〜になる(L19) "honorific" | n/a | |
| お〜する(L19) "humble" | n/a | |
| ご〜する(L19) "humble" | n/a | |
| お〜ください(L19) "very polite request" | n/a | |
| ご〜ください(L19) "very polite request" | n/a |
| Plain forms | meaning ["concept"] | VERB | i-Adj. | Na-Adj. & NOUN present-affirmative |
| そう(L16) | "hearsay" | all | all | Nだ /Na-Adj.だ |
| し、〜し(L16) | and/so | all | all | Nだ /Na-Adj.だ |
| でしょう(L16) | I guess | all | all | stem only |
| の (L17) | the one | all | all | Na-Adj.な |
| なら(L17) | if it is a fact that | all | all | stem only |
| 〜かどうか+S(L17) | whether or not | all | all | Nだ /Na-Adj.だ |
| QN〜か+S(L17) | ・・・・・who/what/where/etc. (it) is/does | all | all | Nだ /Na-Adj.だ |
| ところだ(L18 & 21) | about to do; in the midst; just done | affirmative only | n/a | n/a |
| ようになる(L17) | "change" | non・past only | くform+なる(L
11) |
N/Na-Adj.になる (L11) |
| ことにする(L17) | "making a decision"" | non・past only (L29) | n/a | Nにする |
| と+後文(L18) | when; whenever; immediately after | non・past only | non・past only | Nだ /Na-Adj.だ |
| といい(L19) | "I/we wish/ hope" | non・past only | non・past only | Nだ /Na-Adj.だ |
| うちに(L19) | while ~ ("limited time") | non・past - affirmative only | non・past affirmative only | Nの/Na-Adj.な |
| うちに(L19 &
29) |
before ~ ("limited time") | non・past - negative only | n/a | n/a |
| 前(L &22) | before | non・past - affirmative only | n/a | Nの |
| なくてはいけない(L20) | must do~; ought to do ~ | non・past - negative (pre-nai form) | n/a | n/a |
| なくなる(L20) | "change" | non・past - negative (pre-nai form) | 〜くなくなる | 〜ではなくなる |
| ないで ください(L18) | please do not ~ | non・past - negative (pre-nai form) | n/a | n/a |
| ないで+文(L18) | without doing ~ | non・past - negative (pre-nai form) | n/a | n/a |
| まま(L16) | as the situation is remained" | non・past negative or past - affirmative | non・past - affirmative | Nの/Na-Adj.な |
| たら いい(L20) | "I/we wish/hope" | past only
|
past only | past only |
| たら どう?(L20) | "giving an advice" | past only
|
past only | past only |
| た後 | after~, | past - affirmative only | n/a | n/a |
| てーform | VERB | ADJECTIVES and/or NOUN |
| てあげる/もらう/くれる(L21) doing something for someone | n/a | |
| てほしい(L22) want someone to do ~ | n/a | |
| てもらいたい(L22) want someone to do ~ | n/a | |
| てから+S(L22) after ~, | n/a | |
| QN〜ても(L24) no matter how/ what/ who/ when/ etc. | 〜くても/〜でも | |
| てばかりいる(*L24) nothing but doing ~ | n/a |
| i-adj. Stem or V pre-masu Form | VERB | ADJECTIVES and/or NOUN |
| すぎる(L21) too ~; over doing | stem form of adjectives ONLY | |
| やすい(*L21 & p.100) easy to do | n/a | |
| にくい(*L21 & p.100) difficult to do | n/a |
| Ba form | VERB | ADJECTIVES and/or NOUN |
| ば いいでしょうか(L22) should I do ~; is it okay if I do ~ | n/a | |
| ば ならない/いけない (L23) must do~; ought to do ~ | n/a |
| Plain forms | meaning ["concept"] | VERB | i-Adj. | Na-Adj. & NOUN present-affirmative |
| のでは ありませんか(L23) | "my opinion" | all | all | Nな /Na-Adj.な |
| のではないかと 思う(L23) | "my opinion" | all | all | Nな /Na-Adj.な |
| ところだ(L18 & 21) | about to do; in the midst; just done | affirmative only | n/a | n/a |
| ころだ(L23) | "about the time when" | affirmative only | all | Nの/Na-Adj.な |
| 前(L22) | before | non・past - affirmative only | n/a | Nの |
| ないでほしい(L22) | want somebody not to do ~ | non・past - negative (pre-nai form) | n/a | n/a |
| ないでもらいたい(L22) | want somebody not to do ~ | non・past - negative (pre-nai form) | n/a | n/a |
| なければ いけない(L23) | must do~; ought to do ~ | non・past - negative (pre-nai form) | n/a | n/a |
| たら+後文(L21) | after ; when; if | past only |
past only | past only |
| たり、〜たり、(L21) | and | past only |
past only | past only |
| たら、いいでしょうか(L22) | "consultation" "asking an advice" | past only |
past only | past only |
| たばかりだ (*L24) | have just done | past - affirmative only
|
n/a | n/a |
| た後 | after~ | past - affirmative only | n/a | n/a |