CONJUNCTIVE WORDS & EXPRESSIONS

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◎note 1: A conjunction in Japanese language is a word (=conjunction) or a relational expression to connect two sentences, phrases, or words.

◎note 2: When you are not able to read a Kanji, please use the dictionaries on the internet.
電子辞書(漢字辞書もある)ヤフー辞書(言葉)楽天マルチ辞書(漢字もある英和・和英辞典

◎note 3: A particle (or particles) might be used after an adverb or a conjunction.

◎note 4: The usage is not necessarily same in English and in Japanese sentences. PLEASE LOOK at conjunctions based on JPN which has a different categorization and more explanation for their usage.

◎note 5: Please let me (Ofuji) know a correct expression and its usage in English.

There are some "chips" for the commonly used conjunctions at the end of this page.

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1. SERIES                    

2. CHRONOLOGICAL transitions to signal relationship IN TIME

3. SPECIAL transitions to signal relationship IN SPACE

4. 1) ADDITION / SUPPLEMENTARY

2) an EXPANSION to what precedes

5. COMPARISON transitions to signal what follows is SIMILAR TO what precedes

6. CONTRAST transitions to signal A CONTRADICTION OR CONTRAST

1) S1 and S2 are opposite.

2) S2 is NOT an expected or predicted result of S1.

3) S2 is an opinion or judgment against S1. 

7.

1) CAUSE-EFFECT transitions to signal what follows is A RESULT of what precedes

*note: Emotive expressions --desire (〜たい), will (〜ます、volutional forms), request / command (〜て下さい/〜なさい), suggestion / advice (〜 たらどうですか/〜た方がいい/〜べきだ), intention (〜つもりだ), supposition(〜かもしれない/〜だろう), invitation (〜ませんか), etc.

2) To signal that what follows is a REASON of what precedes, use EFFECTー CAUSE transition  

8. EMPHASIS

9. AN EXAMPLE, AN ILLUSTRATION, A QUALIFICATION

10. EXPECTED, NATURAL, OR OBVIOUSLY TRUE   

11. COUNTER ARGUMENT transitions for CONCESSION

12. SUMMARY OR CONCLUSION transitions to illustrate that what follows is a REPETITION OR INTENSIFICATION of that which precedes  *note: Read the section, "cause-effect" also.

■"chips" to avoid confusion
"The main sentence" means the sentence after the conjunction.
"Emotive expressions" means "will" "desire" "command" and so on.