MLA
Footnote
First appearance of footnotes (or endnotes) are indented with the following details and punctuation:
1 A.J. Duffield, The Prospects of Peru (London: Newman, 1881) 78.
2 Helen Hunt Jackson, A Century of Dishonor, a Sketch of the United States Government's Dealings with Some of the Indian Tribes (New York: Harper, 1881) 178.
Subsequent references would include only the author's name and page number:
3 Duffield 86.
Or the author's name, short title (if you cite two or more works by the same author), and page number:
6 Duffield, The Prospects of Peru 86.
Parenthetical Documentation
Whether paraphrasing of directly quoting a source with a parenthetical reference that includes author's last name and page number contatined in parentheses and not separated by a comma: (Gibaldi 204). Such a reference indicates that a quotation or paraphrase comes from page 204 of a work by Gibaldi. Given the author's last name, readers can find full publication details for any given cited source in the Works Cited page that follows the body of a paper and that is arranged alphabetically.
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 5th ed. New York: The Modern Language Association, 1999.