Professor Corrie; Associate Professors Harwood (chair) and Rand; Assistant Professors Johnson and Nguyen (on leave, 2003-2004); Senior Lecturers Feintuch and Heroux; Lecturers Nicoletti, Morris (on leave, winter semester and Short Term), Jones, Bessire, and Gandolf

The department offers courses in studio practice and in the study of intersecting categories of art, architecture, visual culture, and material culture, from the distant past to the present. This study also provides insights into the intellectual currents, religious doctrines and practices, and social institutions of the past, with attention to issues of class, gender, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. A concentration in studio art involves the integration of traditional disciplines and methods with contemporary practices and the study of visual culture.

The major combines work in both the history of art and studio art. Students emphasizing art history and studio art take many of the same courses but fulfill different requirements. Students intending to study abroad must discuss fulfillment of major requirements with their advisor and the department chair in advance. Students planning graduate study in architecture, landscape architecture, or design are advised to confer with the department chair early in their college career in order to plan appropriate undergraduate programs.

Cross-listed Courses. Note that unless otherwise specified, when a department/program references a course or unit in the department/program, it includes courses and units cross-listed with the department/program.

Major Requirements for Studio Art. Potential majors should meet with the art faculty as first-year students. Majors emphasizing studio art must take a minimum of three courses in the history of art distributed across a variety of cultures and time periods, including one course in twentieth-century art. Studio majors are encouraged to enroll in at least one studio course each semester, and are required to take a minimum of five studio courses and one Short Term studio unit. The preponderance of studio major requirements should be completed prior to beginning a studio thesis. It is strongly advised that studio majors enroll in Art 350 (Visual Meaning) in the second semester of their junior year. Studio majors are required to take Art 457 and 458 (Senior Thesis) consecutively in the fall and winter semesters of their senior year. The opportunity to do an honors thesis is completely at the discretion of the departmental faculty. The department encourages study abroad for one semester. Courses taken abroad should correspond with the studio curriculum offered at Bates. The faculty recommend applying one studio course and one art history course taken abroad towards the major requirements. Studio majors intending to study abroad must consult with the department well in advance.

Major Requirements for History of Art. Majors emphasizing the history of art must take one studio course (any studio course or Short Term unit in studio is acceptable; art history students are advised to take their studio course before their senior year); Art 374 (art history majors are advised to take 374 by the end of junior year if possible); and eight additional courses in history of art for a total of at least ten courses. The courses must be distributed across a variety of both cultures and time periods. Adequate distribution is determined in conjunction with the departmental advisor, who must approve each student's course of study. Art history Short Term units are not counted among these ten courses and are optional. In addition, students are required to write a senior thesis (457 or 458). Topics for theses are subject to departmental approval. The opportunity to do an honors thesis is completely at the discretion of the departmental faculty. Students who wish to continue in the history of art on a graduate level should obtain a reading knowledge of French and German, and are strongly advised to include additional courses in art theory such as Art 226 and an upper-level seminar such as 375, 376, 377, or 390.

Pass/Fail Grading Option. Pass/fail grading may be elected for courses applied toward the major except for Art 360, 361, 374, 457, and 458.

General Education. Any one art Short Term unit or First-Year Seminar 135 may serve as an option for the fifth humanities course. Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate, or A-Level credit awarded by the department may not be used towards fulfillment of any General Education requirements.

Courses

ART 202. Color/Painting Fundamentals. An examination of color theory and its application to the art of painting. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 10. Normally offered every year. P. Jones.

ART 203. Ceramic Material and Techniques. Designing and sculpting of objects in clay, using such traditional techniques as slab construction, casting, and throwing on the potter's wheel. Students work with clay, plaster, paper, and found objects to solve problems in figurative and abstract design. Drawing is part of some assignments. The course serves as an introduction to ceramics, and is a prerequisite for Studio Pottery (Art 217). Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 15 per section. Normally offered every year. P. Heroux.

ART 205. Figure Sculpting with Clay. A study of the figure through the understanding of anatomy and the use of a model. Reliefs, fully dimensional heads, and other figurative sculpture in clay are based on preliminary drawings. The special problems of firing ceramic sculpture are covered. Prerequisite(s): Art 203, 212, or 365A. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 15. Normally offered every year. P. Heroux.

ART 212. Drawing I. This course is a study of drawing through process and analysis. Emphasis is placed on drawing from observation using traditional techniques and materials as preparation for visual study in all media. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 18 per section. Normally offered every semester. J. Nicoletti, P. Jones, P. Johnson, R. Feintuch.

ART 213. Painting I: Color and Form. An investigation of traditional painting materials, techniques, methods, and supports. Emphasis is on observation and perception. Prerequisite(s): Art 212 or 365A. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 10. Normally offered every year. Staff.

ART 214. Painting I: Pictorial Structure. Problems in representation and pictorial structure. The student learns about painting by concentrated study of the works of painters from the past and present and by painting from nature. Prerequisite(s): Art 212 or 365A. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 10. Normally offered every year. J. Nicoletti.

ART 217. Studio Pottery. An introduction to the ceramic process covering the nature of clay, application of glazes, firing procedures, wheel- and hand-formed work, design, and aspects of the history of pottery. There is a laboratory fee. Prerequisite(s): Art 203 or s20. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 12. Normally offered every year. P. Heroux.

ART 218. Photography I. A study of the camera's use for observation and expression of experiences. In this introductory course the student learns concepts and techniques of basic black-and-white photography and its expressive possibilities. There is a laboratory fee. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 12. Normally offered every year. E. Morris.

ART 219. The Digital Image. An introduction to the computer as a tool for making art. Students work with image processing software (e.g., Adobe Photoshop) to produce and manipulate images. While basic technical skills are taught, assignments and discussions stress the conceptual possibilities of the medium. Recommended background: Art 100 and 283. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 12. Normally offered every other year. E. Morris.

ART 225. Iconography: Meaning in the Visual Arts from Late Antiquity to the Renaissance. Unraveling political, sociological, religious, and philosophical messages is an intriguing process essential to the study of art history. The course focuses on a selection of iconographic problems including the political content of Late Roman sculpture, the use of the body in religious images depicting figures such as Adam and Eve, and the depiction of women such as the Virgin Mary and female saints, and ends with the study of classical subjects in Renaissance painting, such as Venus and Mars, and the political content of Elizabethan portraits. Traditional and recent modes of analysis are investigated. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 25. Normally offered every other year. R. Corrie.

AR/PL 226. Philosophy of Art. An introduction to the major problems of philosophy of art including discussion of attempts to define art, problems concerning the interpretation of individual works of art, and recent theories of modern and postmodern art. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. Not open to students who have received credit for Art 226 or Philosophy 241. Normally offered every other year. Staff.

AR/CM 232. Pyramid and Ziggurat. A survey of the art and architecture of the ancient worlds of Egypt and the Near East, with attention given to topics including women in ancient Egypt, the Kingdom of Kush, and current developments in archeology. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 50. Not open to students who have received credit for Art 232. Normally offered every other year. R. Corrie.

AR/CM 241. The Art of Islam. Art of the Islamic world from its roots in the ancient Near East to the flowering of Safavid Persia and Mughal India in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries. Developments are traced through architecture, painting, ceramics, textiles, and metalwork. Consideration is given to the continuity of the Near Eastern artistic tradition and Islamic art in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 50. Not open to students who have received credit for Art 241. Normally offered every other year. R. Corrie.

AR/AS 243. Buddhist Visual Worlds. The course examines the history and basic teachings of Buddhism from perspectives of visual culture. It provides an introduction to a broad spectrum of Buddhist art, beginning with the emergence of early Buddhist sculpture in India and ending with Buddhist centers in the United States. Topics covered include the iconography of principal members of the Buddhist pantheon, the effect of social and political conditions on patronage, and two important schools of Buddhism: Ch'an/Zen and Pure Land. Open to first-year students. Not open to students who have received credit for Art 243 or Asian Studies 243. Normally offered every year. T. Nguyen.

AR/RE 244. Visual Narratives: Lives Beyond Lives. This course examines the narrative art of South and Southeast Asian traditions and the important artistic tradition of narrative paintings, bas-reliefs, and stone carvings. The course focuses on Buddhist and Hindu legends, stories, and folklore. Philosophically, it deals with religious and popular concepts of reincarnation, rebirth, cause and effect, meritorious accumulation, wisdom perfection, and the ultimate enlightenment from the visual perspective. The course explores different contexts in which the artworks were produced. Topics include narrative theory, text-image relationships, Jataka stories (the Buddha's previous lives), a youthful Suddhana's long search for wisdom and enlightenment, and the Ramayana epic. Open to first-year students. Normally offered every other year. T. Nguyen.

AR/AS 245. Monuments of Southeast Asia. This course examines the arts of Southeast Asia by focusing on significant monuments of the countries in the region. It examines the architecture, sculpture, and relief carvings on the monuments and their relations to religious, cultural, political, and social contexts. Sites covered include Borobudur, Angkor, Pagan, and the Hue Citadel. Open to first-year students. Not open to students who have received credit for Art 245 or Asian Studies 245. Normally offered every other year. T. Nguyen.

AR/AS 246. Visual Narratives: Storytelling in East Asian Art. This course examines the important artistic tradition of narrative painting in China and Japan. Through study of visually narrative presentations of religious, historical, and popular stories, the course explores different contexts in which the works — tomb, wall, and scroll paintings — were produced. The course introduces various modes of visual analysis and art historical contexts. Topics include narrative theory, text-image relationships, elite patronage, and gender representation. Recommended background: History 171, 172, and Japanese 240. Open to first-year students. Not open to students who have received credit for Art 246 or Asian Studies 246. Normally offered every other year. T. Nguyen.

AR/AS 247. The Art of Zen Buddhism. The art of Zen (Ch'an) as the unique and unbounded expression of the liberated mind has attracted Westerners since the mid-twentieth century. But what is Zen, its art and its culture? This course considers the historical development of Zen art and its use in several genres within monastic and lay settings. It also examines the underlying Buddhist concepts of Zen art. The course aims to help students understand the basic teachings of Zen and their expression in architecture, gardens, sculpture, painting, poetry, and calligraphy. Recommended background: Art/Asian Studies 243, Asian Studies/Religion 208, 209, 250, or 309. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 30. Not open to students who have received credit for Art 247 or Asian Studies 247. Normally offered every other year. T. Nguyen.

ART 248. Rock-Cut Temples in Asia. This course explores the art of early Buddhist rock-cut temples. These temples appeared in India during the third century B.C.E., then spread along the ancient trade routes from India to eastern Asia. The rock caves not only chart artistic development, expressed through breathtaking architecture, sculpture, reliefs, and mural paintings depicting legends and stories, they also reveal the religious practice along the trade route, as well as international and local cultures. Recommended background: Art/Asian Studies 243. Open to first-year students. Normally offered every other year. T. Nguyen.

AR/CM 251. The Age of the Cathedrals. An investigation of medieval architecture from the Early Christian era to the end of the Gothic period in Europe, including Russia and the Byzantine East. Emphasis is placed on the development of Christian architecture and the emergence of the Gothic cathedral in the context of European political and social history before 1500. Open to first-year students. Not open to students who have received credit for Art 251. Normally offered every other year. R. Corrie.

AR/CM 252. Art of the Middle Ages. In Europe from the Early Christian era to the end of the Gothic age, from 300 to 1450 C.E., precious objects, manuscripts, wall paintings, and stained glass were produced in great quantities. The course traces the development of these and other media, including tapestry and sculpture. Emphasis is placed on the changing images of men and women in medieval art. The roles of liturgy, theology, and technological and social changes are stressed. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 50. Not open to students who have received credit for Art 252. Normally offered every other year. R. Corrie.

AR/CM 265. Florence to Bruges: The Early Renaissance in Europe. This course investigates the art and architecture of Northern and Southern Europe between 1250 and 1450. Students analyze the impact of theology, liturgy, social change, urbanism, gender, and social class on visual culture. Artists considered include Cimabue, Duccio, Giotto, Fra Angelico, Donatello, Brunelleschi, Jan van Eyck, and Rogier van der Weyden. Open to first-year students. Not open to students who have received credit for Art 265. Normally offered every other year. R. Corrie.

ART 266. Michelangelo to Sofonisba: The High Renaissance and Mannerism. This course concerns the art and architecture of Northern and Southern Europe between 1450 and 1600, with emphasis on art in the court and the city. Students study several methods of analysis as they investigate the impact of religion, technology, urbanism, gender, sexual orientation, social class, and national identity on the visual arts. Artists discussed include Leonardo, Raphael, Michelangelo, Bronzino, Giovanni Bologna, Titian, Sofonisba Anguissola, Lavinia Fontana, Palladio, Dürer, Grünewald, Holbein, Brueghel, and Bosch. Open to first-year students. Normally offered every other year. R. Corrie.

ART 271. Italian Baroque Art. A survey of painting, sculpture, landscape and urban design, and architecture in Italy during the seventeenth century. Artists studied include Caravaggio, the Carracci, Guercino, Bernini, and Borromini. Recommended background: Art 266. Open to first-year students. Normally offered every other year. E. Harwood.

ART 279. Abstract Expressionism. The ideas, forms, and practices that are the basis of abstract expressionism evolved clearly from earlier movements in twentieth-century art such as Cubism, Dada, and Surrealism. It is also a movement essentially intertwined with the broader culture of its time, from politics to psychoanalysis. The course examines the emergence of abstract expressionism and its subsequent influence over the art of the 1950s and 1960s. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 40. Normally offered every other year. E. Harwood.

ART 281. Realism, Impressionism, and Post-Impressionism. An intensive investigation of French painting from 1850 to 1900. Artists studied include Courbet, Manet, Degas, Monet, Cézanne, Seurat, Van Gogh, and Gauguin. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 50. Normally offered every other year. E. Harwood.

ART 282. Modern European Art. This course concerns European art from 1900 to 1940, with special attention to Cubism and Surrealism. While the course surveys art of the period, its primary goal is less to provide a comprehensive historical overview than to examine the various interpretive strategies that have been used both to develop and to understand these apparently radical innovations in visual representation. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 50. Normally offered every other year. E. Rand.

ART 283. Contemporary Art. This course concerns contemporary art, with a focus on art of the United States created in the last forty years. Topics include changing definitions of art; the relation of art production to the mechanisms for exhibition, criticism, and sale; the contentious interaction of form and content; and the increased attention of artists and critics to matters of class, race, gender, and sexual orientation. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 30 per section. Normally offered every other year. E. Rand.

ART 285. Renaissance and Post-Renaissance Gardens and Landscape Architecture. The course examines the development and transformation of a major art form, the landscape garden, from its beginnings in fifteenth-century Italy through its later manifestations in seventeenth-century France and eighteenth-century England. While the garden provides the visual and historical framework for the course, the pervasive theme is humanity's changing attitudes toward and interpretations of nature and the world. Open to first-year students. Normally offered every other year. E. Harwood.

ART 286. Romantic Landscape Painting. The importance of landscape painting in the Romantic period is a clear reflection of complex cultural change. The course examines the forms and meanings of the varied approaches to landscape painting in England, Europe, and the United States between 1750 and 1850. Artists and groups considered may include Constable, Turner, Friedrich, the Pre-Raphaelites, and the Barbizon and Hudson River schools. Open to first-year students. Normally offered every other year. E. Harwood.

AR/WS 287. Women, Gender, Visual Culture. This course concerns women as makers, objects, and viewers of visual culture, with emphasis on the later twentieth century, and the roles of visual culture in the construction of "woman" and other gendered identities. Topics include the use of the visual in artistic, political, and historical representations of gendered and transgendered subjects; the visualization of gender in relation to race, ethnicity, nationality, class, age, sex, and sexuality; and matters of censorship, circulation, and resources that affect the cultural production of people oppressed and/or marginalized by sex and/or gender. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 30 per section. Not open to students who have received credit for Art 287. Normally offered every other year. E. Rand.

ART 288. Visualizing Race. This course considers visual constructions of race in art and popular culture, with a focus on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. General topics to be discussed include the role of visual culture in creating and sustaining racial stereotypes, racism, and white-skin privilege; the effects upon cultural producers of their own perceived race in terms of both their opportunities and their products; and the intersections of constructions of race with those of gender, class, ethnicity, and sexuality. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 30 per section. Normally offered every other year. E. Rand.

INDS 291. Exhibiting Cultures. This course examines the politics of exhibiting cultures. Each week the course analyzes specific exhibitions of cultural artifacts, visual culture, and the cultural body as a means to evaluate the larger issues surrounding such displays. These includes issues of race, colonialism, postcolonialism, and curatorial authority in relation to the politics of exhibiting cultures. A field trip to analyze an exhibition is a critical part of the students' experience in the course. Students are required to lead a discussion of the readings, participate in discussions, write a research paper deconstructing an exhibition, and work with a group to design their own theoretical exhibition. Cross-listed in African American studies, American cultural studies and art. Offered with varying frequency. Staff.

ART 312. Drawing II. Continued study in drawing, emphasizing drawing from the human figure, the development of conceptual drawing attitudes, and drawing as a medium of lyric expression. Prerequisite(s): Art 212 or 365A. Enrollment limited to 18. Normally offered every year. J. Nicoletti.

ART 314. Painting II. An opportunity to combine experience from introductory painting courses with post-1945 painting practices. Students are encouraged to develop individual responses to thematic material. Consideration is given to the interaction of image, process, and meaning. Prerequisite(s): Art 202, 213, or 214. Enrollment limited to 10. Normally offered every year. R. Feintuch, P. Johnson, J. Nicoletti.

ART 316. Etching Workshop I. Students develop images using intaglio printmaking processes including drypoint, etching, softground, aquatint, sugar-lift, photo-transfer, multiple plate, and color printing. Emphasis is placed on development of sustained independent projects and critical thinking. There is a laboratory fee. Prerequisite(s): Art 212 or 365A. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 10. Written permission of the instructor is required. Normally offered every year. P. Johnson.

ART 317A. Etching Workshop II. Continued study of intaglio printmaking processes. There is a laboratory fee. Prerequisite(s): Art 316. Enrollment limited to 10. Written permission of the instructor is required. Normally offered every year. P. Johnson.

ART 317B. Etching Workshop III. Further study of intaglio printmaking processes. There is a laboratory fee. Prerequisite(s): Art 317A. Enrollment limited to 10. Written permission of the instructor is required. Normally offered every year. P. Johnson.

ART 318. Photography II. Continued study in photography, offering refinement in technical skills as introduced in Art 218 and exposure to additional photographic image-making techniques. The further development of perception and critical analysis of images is emphasized. There is a laboratory fee. Prerequisite(s): Art 218. Enrollment limited to 11. Normally offered every year. E. Morris.

ART 319. Photography III. This course offers advanced studies in the perception and generation of photographic images. Emphasis is on photographic projects that are independently conceived and undertaken by the student. There is a laboratory fee. Prerequisite(s): Art 318. Enrollment limited to 4. Written permission of the instructor is required. Normally offered every year. E. Morris.

ART 350. Visual Meaning: Process, Material, Format. This course reflects changing concerns in the contemporary art world. Working in various media, students share a common investigation of the process of making meaning, and the impact material has on visual thinking/visual product. Students consider the potential of format, with emphasis on processes that balance critical thinking with creative generation. Majors should enroll in this course prior to or concurrent with the senior thesis. Prerequisite(s): three previous studio art courses. Enrollment limited to 10. Normally offered every year. P. Johnson.

ART 360. Independent Study. Students, in consultation with a faculty advisor, individually design and plan a course of study or research not offered in the curriculum. Course work includes a reflective component, evaluation, and completion of an agreed-upon product. Sponsorship by a faculty member in the program/department, a course prospectus, and permission of the chair are required. Students may register for no more than one independent study per semester. Offered with varying frequency. Staff.

ART 361. Museum Internship. Students who have arranged to participate in a volunteer internship at the Bates College Museum of Art may receive one course credit by taking this course at the same time. Depending on the needs of the museum, internships may involve gallery lecturing or research. The same arrangement is possible for students who obtain internships at the Portland Museum of Art. Students may have internships throughout their college careers, but may receive credit for one semester only. Written permission of the instructor is required. Normally offered every year. R. Corrie.

ART 365. Special Topics. A course or seminar offered from time to time and reserved for a special topic selected by the department.

ART 365A. Drawing the Model/Sustained Study. For a variety of reasons the human body has been and continues to be of great importance in Western art, and sustained study from the model is often central to artists' training and practices. This seminar focuses exclusively on drawing from the model in three-hour sessions. Enrollment limited to 12. Offered with varying frequency. R. Feintuch.

ART 374. Seminar in the Literature of Art. This course considers the history and methodology of art history, with an emphasis on recent theoretical strategies for understanding visual culture. Topics discussed include stylistic, iconographic, psychoanalytic, literary, feminist, Marxist, historicist, lesbian/gay/queer, and postmodern approaches to the study of art. Prerequisite(s): two advanced courses in the history of art. Enrollment limited to 15. Normally offered every year. E. Rand.

ART 375. Issues of Sexuality and the Study of Visual Culture. This course considers issues of sexuality as they affect the study of visual culture, with a focus on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and other queer sexualities. Topics include the value and politics of identifying artists and other cultural producers by sexuality; the articulation of sexuality in relation to race, ethnicity, class, and gender; and the implications of work in sexuality studies for the study of art and other forms of visual culture in general. Enrollment limited to 15. Written permission of the instructor is required. Offered with varying frequency. E. Rand.

AR/CM 376. Seminar in Medieval and Renaissance Art. This seminar examines the visual culture of Europe and the Mediterranean basin in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. In different years the seminar focuses on specific subjects, which may include manuscript illumination, regional architecture, Crusader art, and medieval urbanism.

AR/CM 376C. Siena: Art and Social Memory. At the height of its power Siena, Italy, bankrolled much of Europe and from 1250 to 1450 produced images that influenced painting from England to the Islamic world. Studying the work of Sienese artists including Duccio, Simone Martini, and the Lorenzetti, this course investigates the ties between visual culture (including sculpture and architecture) and politics, economics, religion, urban structure, and social identity. Recommended background: at least one 200-level course in the history of art or the equivalent, or a course in medieval or Renaissance history. Enrollment limited to 15. Not open to students who have received credit for Art 376C or Classical and Medieval Studies 376C. Offered with varying frequency. R. Corrie.

AR/CM 376D. Crusader Art and Architecture. This seminar investigates the visual and material culture of the Crusader states found between 1099 and 1500 from Jerusalem to Syria, Constantinople, Greece, and the islands of the Aegean. Focused on manuscript and icon painting, sculpture, and church and military architecture of the Frankish states, it also addresses the related production of Armenian Cilicia, the Byzantine Empire, Cyprus, Greece, the Balkan kingdoms, Europe, and the Islamic Near East and North Africa, concluding with a consideration of the nineteenth- and twentieth-century fascination with the Crusades and the recent flowering of scholarship on Crusader art. Recommended background: at least one 200-level course in art history or in a related field such as history or religion. Enrollment limited to 15. Not open to students who have received credit for Art 376D or Classical and Medieval Studies 376D. Offered with varying frequency. R. Corrie.

ART 377. Seminar in Architectural History. The seminar considers selected topics in the history of architecture, urbanism, and landscape design. Possible subjects include Versailles, the English landscape garden, the Periclean building program, Rome in the Baroque, the architecture and landscaping of world's fairs, and the domestic architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright. Enrollment limited to 15.

ART 377A. Picturesque Suburbia. The seminar focuses on the interconnections among conceptions of nature and the city, emergent middle-class social practices, and developments in the design of single-family houses in the United States between 1830 and 1930. Particular attention is paid to A. J. Downing, the garden city movement, and Frank Lloyd Wright. Recommended background: a 200-level course in the history of art. Enrollment limited to 15. Offered with varying frequency. E. Harwood.

ART 377B. The Chateau and Gardens of Versailles. Beginning in the 1630s as a modest hunting lodge for Louis XIII, Versailles evolved over the next two centuries into a monumental palace and garden complex. This seminar considers the design and building history of the chateau and its gardens. Particular attention is devoted to their use both as the physical setting for the court, and as the staging area for and the embodiment of an idea of a magnificent, national monarchy and its attendant culture. Recommended background: two 200-level courses in the history of art. Enrollment limited to 15. Offered with varying frequency. E. Harwood.

ART 378. Issues in Contemporary African Popular Culture. The seminar offers the opportunity for an intensive study of contemporary African visual arts, film, popular music, and literature. The urban and rural popular cultures within distinctive national and cultural regions are highlighted, with particular attention to the signs, text, and picture language of daily life; novels; soap operas; popular music; and film. Topics discussed may include globalization, commercialism, racial and gender stereotypes, visual appropriation, and the hybridity of contemporary "traditions." Enrollment limited to 15. Offered with varying frequency. Staff.

AR/AS 380. Stupas: Forms and Meanings. Stupas are the most pervasive and symbolic form of Buddhist architecture in South, Southeast, and East Asia. Buddhist stupas serve as the symbols of illumination, and repositories for the relics of revered persons. They also serve as universal symbols, embodiments of metaphysical principles and multivalent meanings. This seminar not only examines different architectural forms of stupas, but also studies religious concepts and symbolic meanings expressed in stupas in Buddhist Asia. Prerequisite(s): one of the following: Anthropology 244, Art/Asian Studies 243, Asian Studies/Religion 250, 251, 308, or 309. Enrollment limited to 15. Not open to students who have received credit for Art 380 or Asian Studies 380. Offered with varying frequency. T. Nguyen.

ART 390. Seminar in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Art. The seminar offers the opportunity for an in-depth consideration of a significant artist, critic, movement, or aesthetic current in the nineteenth and/or twentieth centuries. Enrollment limited to 15.

ART 390A. Claude Monet. Monet's work is so often before our eyes today in exhibitions and reproductions, and so popular, that it is easy to lose sight of the complexities of both his career and his work. The seminar offers an overview of these, but focuses especially on recent efforts to contextualize and interpret them. Recommended background: two courses in the history of art. Enrollment limited to 15. Offered with varying frequency. E. Harwood.

ART 390B. Pre-Raphaelitism to Modernism. Through the second half of the nineteenth century, the stated goals of progressive painting evolved away from a commitment to pursue an objective, visual realism and toward artists' recreation on their canvases of determinedly personal and subjective responses to the material world. This seminar traces that transformation through a focus, though not an exclusive one, on developments in the English art world. Topics and artists covered include Rossetti, Burne-Jones, Whistler, the Arts and Crafts Movement, post-Impressionism, aestheticism, and symbolism. Prerequisite(s): one course in the history of art. Enrollment limited to 15. Offered with varying frequency. E. Harwood.

ART 414. Painting III. An opportunity to combine experience from introductory painting courses with post-1945 painting practices. Students are encouraged to develop individual responses to thematic material. Consideration is given to the interaction of image, process, and meaning. Prerequisite(s): Art 202, 213, or 214 and 314. Enrollment limited to 10. Written permission of the instructor is required. Offered with varying frequency. R. Feintuch.

ART 457, 458. Senior Thesis. Guidance in the preparation of a) a project in studio art accompanied by a short essay and culminating in an exhibition presented in conjunction with the Museum of Art or b) an essay in the history of art concerned with original works of art. Students register for Art 457 in the fall semester and for Art 458 in the winter semester. Normally offered every year. Staff.

Short Term Units

AR/EN s10. A Cultural and Literary Walk into China. This unit has two goals: 1) to offer an introduction to Chinese aesthetics through architecture, the fine arts, the performing arts, and literature; 2) to study how Buddhist aesthetic ideas expressed in rock-cut temples, monasteries, and garden design often reappear in altered ways in poems, plays, and epics. Students travel to seven historically important cities in China: Beijing, Datong, Luoyang, Xian, Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Suzhou. Recommended background: Art 243, any course in Chinese language and literature, Asian Studies/Religion 208 and 309. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 20. Not open to students who have received credit for Art s10 or English s10. Offered with varying frequency. T. Nguyen, S. Freedman.

ART s17. Consuming Consumer Culture. While cultural commentators, professional and otherwise, often describe U.S. consumer culture as a monolithic or homogenizing force, the complexity of consumption and variations among consumers are receiving increasing attention. This course considers consumers in consumer culture, focusing on the United States. Questions may include: How does participation in consumer culture vary according to shared factors such as gender, race, sexuality, economic status, age, and location, or conversely, the individual idiosyncrasy? What is involved in consuming such contested products as pornography or video games? How does consumption vary across products? How, for instance, is buying art different than buying shoes? Enrollment limited to 25. Offered with varying frequency. E. Rand.

ART s18. The De/Op Pressed Muse: Creating and Reading Images. This unit combines visual art and feminist philosophy. Students read and analyze contemporary visual texts and, in the studio, develop images using alternative printmaking and artists' bookbinding techniques. Topics may include $Body, the manufacture of desire, construction/enforcement of gender, the Museum of Bad Art, commodity CULTure, pornography, power, and true-lies. Some of the questions the unit raises include: How do you create desire? How do you sell an idea rather than a product? What norms and assumptions shape visual propaganda, including advertisements and political campaigns? Enrollment limited to 18. Not open to students who have received credit for Philosophy s18. Offered with varying frequency. S. Stark, P. Johnson.

AR/CM s19. From Antiquity to Renaissance in Florence and Rome. In Florence and Rome, students investigate the persistence of the classical aesthetic in Italy through the centuries from ancient Rome to the Renaissance. Enrollment limited to 10. Written permission of the instructor is required. Not open to students who have received credit for Art s27. Offered with varying frequency. R. Corrie.

AA/AR s20. Religious Arts of the African Diaspora. This unit examines the religious arts of the African diaspora. The arts related to the religious traditions of Candomblé, Lucumí (Santería), Rastafarianism, Vodun, and Kongo-derived religions are explored through a multidisciplinary lens. Contemporary visual culture is discussed in addition to arts created for the purpose of worship or memory, such as sculptural figures, altars, garments, and yard shows. A short trip to New York City to visit sites of these arts is an integral part of the unit. In exploring these arts of the diaspora, the unit considers and challenges constructions of race, ethnicity, and Africanicity from insiders' and outsiders' perspectives. Enrollment limited to 15. Not open to students who have received credit for Art s20. Offered with varying frequency. A. Bessire.

ART s21. Soda Firing. This unit explores traditional and new techniques in hand-building with clay. Emphasis is on the vessel as a sculptural form, relief tiles, and installations for public space. Soda firing glazes the work in a unique way that enhances every surface. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 15. Offered with varying frequency. P. Heroux.

ART s22. Pinhole Photography. The method and appearance of pinhole images extend the possibilities of photography and "drawing with light." The very immediate and low-tech process of pinhole photography, using just a light-tight container with a tiny opening as a camera, offers a prolonged and intense engagement with surroundings and subjects. Due to the lensless camera, minuscule aperture, and long exposure time, pinhole images provide a different treatment of time and space, often appearing timeless and ethereal. In this unit students create pinhole cameras and images to explore this form of image making. There is a laboratory fee of $40. Prerequisite(s): Art 218. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 15. Offered with varying frequency. E. Morris.

ART s23. Art and Artists in New York. Works of art often have a sensuous presence that is not revealed in slides or other reproductions, but that is central to the works' meanings. In this unit students spend five weeks in New York looking at modern and contemporary art in museums, galleries, alternative spaces, and artists' studios. Issues of making and meaning are addressed and art is discussed in terms of formal, psychological, cultural, philosophical, and political ideas. Enrollment limited to 10. Written permission of the instructor is required. Offered with varying frequency. Staff.

ART s24. What Are You Wearing? This unit considers clothing in terms of the production of goods, markets, and meanings. Topics may include the Nike boycott, outsourcing, and the Clean Clothes Campaign; the function of clothes in the construction of cultural, social, and personal identities; the regulation of clothes to enforce behavioral standards, such as gender normativity; selling, advertising, shopping, and acquisition, with attention to issues of class, race, gender, nationality, sex, and sexuality in the making of markets for particular products; and "ethnic" dress, queer fashion, and other clothes that may raise issues of appropriation, allegiance, and cultural theft. Enrollment limited to 25. Written permission of the instructor is required. Offered with varying frequency. E. Rand.

ART s25. The Japanese Tea Bowl. Tea and Zen Buddhism came to Japan from China in the twelfth century. The tea ceremony developed from these imports and many schools have been formed since then, but all have kept the ceramic tea bowl as one of the most important focal points. In this unit, students explore the history of the ceremony by making tea bowls and other related utensils. Various clays, forming methods, and styles are explored. Enrollment limited to 15. Offered with varying frequency. P. Heroux.

ART s26. The Museum. A study of the emergence of the modern museum. The unit traces its development from the private collections of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance to its present role as a public institution. Discussion in the second half of the unit focuses on the administration of the museum. Topics include acquisitions and the development of collections, care and installation of works of art, and recent developments in the construction and architecture of museums. Day trips are planned. Enrollment limited to 15. Written permission of the instructor is required. Offered with varying frequency. R. Corrie.

ART s28. Desiring Italy. For four centuries Italy and Italian art have drawn artists, writers, and scholars from America and transalpine Europe. This unit focuses on the literature, art, and art history that has emerged from this encounter, stressing the work of such writers as Stendhal, Hawthorne, James, Forster, Mann, and the Brownings, and artists including Mengs, West, Turner, and Hosmer. It investigates the manner in which the nature of that encounter shaped the practice of art history from Winkelmann and Ruskin to Berenson and van Marle, and even the political life and material survival of Italy itself, and concludes by considering the recent spate of films that seek to evoke this now nearly-lost expatriate world, including A Room With a View and Tea with Mussolini. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 30. Offered with varying frequency. R. Corrie.

ART s30. Arts of the African Diaspora. This unit examines the arts of the African diaspora with particular focus on the Caribbean and the Americas from the eighteenth century to the present. Through commerce and the slave trade, African arts and culture traveled to these areas and were negotiated in unique ways by artists. In exploring the arts of the diaspora, the course considers and challenges constructions of race, ethnicity, and Africanicity from insiders' and outsiders' perspectives. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 15. Offered with varying frequency. A. Bessire.

ART s32. The Photograph as Document. Documentary photographs generally describe human social situations that aim to be objective transcriptions of events into images. This unit examines changes in style and methodology from classical documentary approaches of the 1930s and 1940s to contemporary modes of documentary photography. Using either traditional darkroom or digital imaging techniques, students produce projects that address the photograph's function as a document. Concepts of documentary photographs as witness and testimony are analyzed as is the issue of how these notions are challenged and manipulated by many contemporary artists. Prerequisite(s): Art 218 or 219. Enrollment limited to 15. Offered with varying frequency. E. Morris.

ART s33. The Fine Arts in England, 1550-1900. The unit examines the bountiful English art world from the rise of the Elizabethan "prodigy houses" through the Arts and Crafts Movement. Particular attention is devoted to the architectural history of London after 1666; the country house: its architecture, art collections, and landscape gardens; the Gothic Revival; and the flowering of Romantic landscape painting. Enrollment limited to 10. Written permission of the instructor is required. Offered with varying frequency. E. Harwood.

ART s34. Building a Studio Practice. Choosing media they would like to investigate closely, students focus on methods and ideas in order to develop their work. Students are encouraged to investigate the possibilities that arise when they choose limitations on subjects, materials, processes, and form and make a group of closely related works. This unit offers an opportunity to try to maintain a regular, independent, and self-sustaining studio practice for five weeks. Prerequisite(s): one 200-level studio art course in any medium. Enrollment limited to 14. Written permission of the instructor is required. Offered with varying frequency. J. Gandolf.

ART s35. Materials and Techniques of Drawing and Painting. Guided individual research into various drawing media including etching, as well as consideration of the problems of landscape painting, figure drawing, and similar genres. Each Short Term focuses on one of the above categories. The Short Term registration material includes a description of the particular focus for the Short Term at hand, including specific prerequisites. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 10. Written permission of the instructor is required. Offered with varying frequency. Staff.

ART s36. Buddhist Objects and their Contexts. This unit has two purposes: to study selected Buddhist works of art in museums in Maine and the Boston area, and to examine and experience religious objects in their religious settings. The functions and meanings of aesthetic and devotional "art" objects are discussed in terms of religious, social, and cultural contexts. Students visit selected Buddhist centers and compare the objects within two different settings, aesthetic and devotional, and from two different points of view, East and West. Recommended background: Art/Asian Studies 243, 247, Asian Studies/Religion 208, 209, or 309. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 10. Offered with varying frequency. T. Nguyen.

ART s37. Landscape Painting and Drawing in Italy. The unit consists of field trips in and around the provinces of Tuscany and Umbria, and takes full advantage of the unique landscape and cultural opportunities of the region. Studio work alternates with regular visits to regional cities such as Florence, Siena, Perugia, and Assisi to study painting, sculpture, and architecture. Prerequisite(s): two studio courses. Recommended background: Art 212, 213 or 214, 265, 266. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 10. Written permission of the instructor is required. Offered with varying frequency. J. Nicoletti.

ART s39. Drawing and Intention. Guided individual and collaborative research into various drawing methods including systemic approaches, off-press printing processes, mechanical reproduction, drawing as ritual, and perceptual drawing. Consideration is given to the relationship between function, form, image, and idea. Students have an opportunity to respond to an expanding definition of drawing that could include text, movement, and sound. Course work culminates in a site-specific drawing installation. Prerequisite(s): Art 212 and one additional course in either studio art, music composition, theater design, playwriting, directing, contemporary performance, theater production, dance composition, fiction writing, poetry writing, or documentary video. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 18. Offered with varying frequency. P. Johnson.