First-Year Seminars

All first-year students are strongly encouraged to enroll in a first-year seminar. Each first-year seminar offers an opportunity for entering students to develop skills in writing, reasoning, and research that will be of critical importance throughout their academic careers. Enrollment is limited to fifteen students to ensure the active participation of all class members and to permit students and instructor to concentrate on developing the skills necessary for successful college writing. Seminars typically focus on a current problem or a topic of particular interest to the instructor. First-year seminars are not open to upperclass students. They carry full course credit.

General Education Information for the Class of 2010. One designated seminar may be used in fulfilling General Education requirements. In addition, one designated seminar may be used to fulfill the quantitative requirement. Designations are listed in the introductory paragraphs of departments in the Catalog.

Courses

FYS 024. The Magic Mirror. Kermit Hall, an eminent historian of American law, wrote a book called The Magic Mirror, the theme of which is how the history and culture of American people are reflected in laws. The mirror metaphor itself —speculum juris—has been around the law for hundreds of years often suggesting that human laws do or should reflect another order, natural or divine. Yet the law, in practice, actually contours what it sees and then imposes the reshaped image back on what it then again reflects, and so on and on—truly, a magic mirror. The seminar considers opinions in a collection of appellate court cases that demonstrate this reflexive ability of the law to both show and to influence who we are. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] S. Sylvester. Concentrations.

FYS 084. Anatomy of a Few Small Machines. One can treat the products of technology as "black boxes"—plain in purpose but mysterious in function. A more flexible and exciting life is available to those who look on all such devices as mere extensions of their hands and minds—who believe they could design, build, modify, and repair anything they put their hands on. This course helps students do this primarily through practice. Only common sense is required, but participants must be willing to attack any aspect of science and technology. Field trips are required. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] G. Clough.

FYS 127. Experimental Music. Whether in classical, jazz, popular, or category-defying music styles, experimentalists challenge inherited definitions and social conventions of music by favoring expanded sound sources, unconventional formal structures, and radical performance practices. This seminar examines the roots, history, and musical documents of American experimental music from Benjamin Franklin to Frank Zappa. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] W. Matthews.

FYS 150. Hamlet. This course undertakes an intensive study of Shakespeare's play, with particular emphasis on the various ways it has been interpreted through performance. Students read the play closely, view several filmed versions, and investigate historical productions in order to arrive at a sense of Hamlet's changing identity and enduring importance. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] M. Andrucki.

FYS 172. Power and Perception: Cinematic Portraits of Africa. Most Americans have "seen" Africa only through non-African eyes, coming to "know" about African society through such characters as Tarzan and such genres as the "jungle melodrama" or the "nature show." In this seminar, films from the North Atlantic are juxtaposed with ethnographic and art films made by Africans in order to examine how to "read" these cinematic texts. Related novels and ethnographic texts help to answer central questions about the politics of representation: What are the differences in how African societies are depicted and why are different issues and points of view privileged? Not open to students who have received credit for Anthropology 155. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] E. Eames. Concentrations.

FYS 177. Sex and Sexualities. This course studies the representation of sex and sexualities, both "queer" and "straight," in a variety of cultural products ranging from advertising and novels to music videos and movies. Topics may include connections between sex and gender queerness suggested by the increasingly common acronym LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer); the advantages and inadequacies of using such labels; definitions and debates concerning pornography, sex education, public sex, and stigmatized sexual practices such as sadomasochism; the interrelations between constructions of sexuality and those of race, ethnicity, gender, nationality, and class; and the necessities and complexities of ensuring consent. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] E. Rand. Concentrations.   |   Interdisciplinary Programs.

FYS 190. The Changing Climate of Planet Earth. The climate of Earth is constantly changing over vast spatial and temporal scales, from short-term and local to long-term and global. The geological records for the mid-latitudes of North America, for instance, illustrate periods alternately dominated by tropical reefs, lush coal forests, glaciers, and expansive arid deserts. This seminar investigates the evidence, possible causes, and impacts of climate change through studies of climate records ranging from glacial stratigraphy, tree rings, written historical accounts, and recent instrumental data. A special focus is directed toward understanding the possible effects of a human-induced global warming and its potential environmental, societal, and political impacts. Enrollment limited to 15. [S] [W1] M. Retelle. Concentrations.

FYS 234. The U.S. Relocation Camps in World War II. During World War II, the United States government interned more than 110,000 American citizens of Japanese descent and resident Japanese in "relocation camps" far away from their homes. This course studies the history of Asian immigration to the United States; the political, social, and economic conditions of the United States prior to internment; the relocation camps themselves; and the politics of redress leading to the presidential apology over the wartime "mistake" a half-century later. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] A. Hirai. Concentrations.   |   Interdisciplinary Programs.

FYS 236. Epidemics: Past, Present, and Future. The course covers principles of epidemiology, mechanisms of disease transmission, and the effects of diseases on society throughout history. The emergence of new diseases, drug resistance, and biological terrorism are discussed. Social effects of bubonic plague, typhoid, tuberculosis, smallpox, yellow fever, Ebola, Marburg, AIDS, hantaviruses, and Legionnaires' Disease are studied. Enrollment limited to 15. [S] [W1] P. Schlax. Concentrations.

FYS 253. NATO's Moral War. On 24 March 1999 NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) launched the last major military campaign of the twentieth century. For seventy-eight days the world's most powerful military alliance applied its sophisticated arsenal against the rogue government of Yugoslav president Slobodan Milosevic. NATO leaders claimed a moral responsibility to take action to end Milosevic's repressive policies against the ethnic Albanians living in Yugoslavia's southernmost province, Kosovo. In the end, NATO achieved its goals, but at what cost? In this course students examine the diplomacy leading up to the NATO campaign, the propaganda and media manipulation used to justify "going to war," the environmental impact of the bombing, and questions of sovereignty and international law that were finessed by all sides. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] D. Browne. Concentrations.

FYS 266. Fakers, Forgers, Looters, Thieves. Beyond the public face of museums lies the complex world of collecting: the art market, art law, and their sinister underside, art crime. In the last decade, as victims of the Holocaust have sought to recover collections looted by the Nazis, these issues have become more visible, but in fact they are myriad and confront every curator, dealer, collector, and art historian. This course explores a wide range of topics in their legal and ethical contexts from the work of famous forgers such as Joni and Van Meegeren to the looting of Asia and Africa by colonial powers, the clandestine excavation and illegal trading of antiquities around the world, and the pillaging of museums by Russian, German, and American soldiers during World War II. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] R. Corrie. Concentrations.

FYS 270. A Drug's Life. The social, political, and economic importance of prescription drugs is ever increasing. It can take more than fifteen years for a drug to make its way from the initial research laboratory to the local pharmacy. This course examines what is entailed in bringing a new drug to market, covering everything from the practical aspects of research and manufacture to the controversies and public policy issues which have arisen over pharmaceutical development in the last few years. Topics include current methods of drug discovery and development, "lifestyle" drugs, animal testing, clinical trials, the FDA, affordability, marketing, and distribution. Enrollment limited to 15. J. Koviach-Côté.

FYS 271. Into the Woods: Rewriting Walden. On 4 July 1845, Henry David Thoreau declared his independence and moved to a shack in the woods near Walden Pond. Ever since, many individuals have repeated his experiment in one form or another. This course examines a number of these Thoreauvian experiments and their historical context. Why do these individuals take to the woods? What do they find there? What do their experiences say about American culture and society? In seeking answers to these questions, students read a variety of literary, historical, and autobiographical texts. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] G. Lexow. Interdisciplinary Programs.

FYS 274. Physics in the Twentieth Century. An introduction to great twentieth-century discoveries in physics, including the wave-particle duality of light and matter, quantum effects, special relativity, nuclear physics, and elementary particles. Laboratory experiments such as the photoelectric effect and electron diffraction are incorporated into the seminar. This seminar can substitute for Physics 108 and is designed for students who had a strong background in high school physics. Enrollment limited to 15. [S] [L] [Q] [W1] H. Lin.

FYS 277. The Fantastic in Modern Japan. From the surreal novels of Murakami Haruki to the utopian and dystopian visions of Miyazaki Hayao's animated films, contemporary Japan offers the international world a rich array of cultural products centering on the fantastic. Western response tends to see the futuristic visions of these novels and films as expressive of Japan's level of comfort with the post-industrial world of high technology, but is that impression accurate? What is the genre of the fantastic? How is it used by writers and filmmakers in Japan today? What questions do they raise about self, society, and the environment? What answers do they offer? This course examines the nature of the fantastic as an artistic genre and its expression in a variety of recent Japanese films and stories. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] S. Strong. Concentrations.   |   Interdisciplinary Programs.

FYS 278. Hell's Fire. The idea of hell and damnation plays a crucial role throughout much of Western culture. It provides a dark shadow of religious belief and evocative imagery to continually evolving concepts of divine justice, sin and its commensurate punishment, and the end of time. This seminar undertakes an archeology of knowledge regarding the history and practice of hell and damnation. Students investigate philosophical and religious writings, great works of literature such as Dante's Inferno and Goethe's Faust, and view representations of hell in the arts and film. The seminar concludes by posing the question: Do hell and damnation, now secularized and this-worldly, continue to live on in the modern period, as in Auschwitz and the Gulag? Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] D. Sweet. Concentrations.

FYS 280. Confucius: Faith and Transgression. This course introduces students to a set of values and a way of life often understood to be at the core of East Asian civilizations. Confucius' teachings began spreading as early as the sixth century b.c.e., first in China and then in other parts of East Asia. For much of the past two millennia, the Confucian canon provided a compelling if not always universal foundation for spiritual and cultural development, social institutions, and state government in China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. This course begins with the very basic question of what it means to be a Confucian, and then proceeds to explore the Confucian commitment to ethics, culture, politics, and society, and the canon's sometimes controversial relationship with commerce, nature, and womanhood. All materials are presented in English. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] S. Yang. Interdisciplinary Programs.

FYS 288. Luck and the Moral Life. Our lives are deeply subject to luck. Many human needs are subject to fate yet are necessary not only to a good life, but to a morally virtuous life as well. This course explores the relationship between luck and morality, beginning with the metaphysical problem of free will. Then, turning to Aristotle's virtue ethics, students examine the role friendship plays in the moral life and the way it protects us from bad luck. Finally, they look at Kant's attempt to make morality "safe" from luck alongside Euripides' Hecuba, which dramatically highlights the issue of whether virtue can ever be immune from misfortune. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] S. Stark. Concentrations.

FYS 289. The Life of the Buddha. The Buddha Siddhartha Gautama, also known as Sakyamuni, is famed as the founder of the Buddhist religion. Though he lived in Northern India about 2,500 years ago, most of what we know about him consists of legends that were developed by Buddhists over the centuries. The course examines these legends, with an eye on the factors that led to their evolution, and the ways in which changing conceptions of the Buddha reflect developments in Buddhist thought. At the same time, it serves as a basic introduction to the fundamental teachings and practices of Buddhism. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] J. Strong. Concentrations.

FYS 292. Growing Up Perfect. Every one of us wonders what we would be like if we realized our full potential, and every society struggles to describe the royal road to human perfection. From Aristotle's "reflective intelligence" to J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter, the library shelves bulge with examples and advice. In this course, students read classic guides of self-improvement from 2,000 years of global culture — Roman, Chinese, American, and European — looking for the cultural supermodel that makes a best-seller, or moves a society. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] D. Grafflin.

FYS 300. Exploring Education through Narratives. In this seminar, stories, once the primary way knowledge passed from one generation to another, are the basis for examining educational topics and issues. Students read fictional, biographical, autobiographical, and other narratives to learn more about some aspect of education and/or schooling. Topics include teachers and teaching; teacher/student roles; gender identity; students' experiences in school; and how race, class, ethnicity, sexuality, or other differences may cause some to feel like outsiders. Students conduct field work and independent research. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] P. Buck. Concentrations.   |   Interdisciplinary Programs.

FYS 305. Corporal Culture: Body and Health in America. This seminar addresses a variety of topics related to body and health, from body image to body dysmorphia. Students read both primary sources (largely research) and first-person accounts related to eating disorders, diet and nutrition, body image, drug and alcohol use, smoking, sexuality, cosmetic pharmacy, fashion, definitions of physical and psychological "health," sex and gender, exercise, and organ transplantation. The seminar involves weekly writing assignments, occasional in-class assessments, student presentations, and a final writing project. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] K. Low. Concentrations.   |   Interdisciplinary Programs.

FYS 308. Searching for the Good Life. What are the things that bring people happiness? Does marriage, for example, bring more happiness or unhappiness to those who choose it? Does wealth make people happy? If so, how much wealth is enough to ensure happiness? Is a productive career likely to bring happiness? How well do most individuals do at selecting the things that will bring them sustained happiness? Is happiness even the right yardstick to use in measuring the goodness of life? And at the end of life, what constitutes a good death? In this seminar, students grapple with these and related topics in regular discussions, projects, and papers. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] M. Sargent. Concentrations.

FYS 323. Reading and Writing Lyric Poetry. This course introduces students to lyric poetry written, for the most part, in the last century and in varied cultural settings from the "canonical" classics to the contemporary and transnational. Poets include a range from T. S. Eliot and Wallace Stevens to Rabindranath Tagore and W. B. Yeats, and from Meena Alexander and Audre Lorde to Joy Harjo and Cathy Song. The focus is on "close reading" with some attention to the poets' varied historical and sociocultural contexts. Students will also have opportunities to attend poetry-writing workshops and experiment with writing their own poems. Not open to students who have received credit for English 121W. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] L. Shankar.

FYS 324. Archeology of the Celtic World. Today, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany are considered "Celtic" lands. This label emphasizes a group of traditional languages with shared histories, but the origins of Celtic cultures are more complex. More than two thousand years ago Celtic peoples were the first iron-using populations to inhabit a broad area from Spain to Romania. They were farmers, herders, and mariners who cooperated, competed, founded many settlements, raised many fortresses, and developed lively artistic traditions. Roman armies and migrating Germanic tribes fought hard to subdue the Celts, and they succeeded in many places. However, Celtic languages and many other aspects of culture were preserved in the lands of the European Atlantic fringe. This seminar examines regional case studies that use archeological methods to explore the unrecorded histories of the Celts. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] G. Bigelow.

FYS 329. Latin American Time Machine. The nations of Latin America often appear in popular films or newspaper headlines as places of economic turmoil, homes to military dictators, or unfortunate victims of environmental disaster. What lies beyond tales of sunglass-wearing caudillos or vanishing rainforests? This course examines the historical roots of issues and events in present-day Latin America, such as the U.S. embargo on Cuba, the Zapatista uprising in Mexico, immigration, and the illegal drug trade. The course is grounded in historical analysis and methods; in addition to books and articles, students analyze newspapers, images, films, and first-hand accounts of events. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] K. Melvin. Concentrations.

FYS 335. Watching the Detectives. This course explores one of the most enduring popular forms of American fiction, the detective story. From the hard-boiled private eye Sam Spade to the Navajo tribal police detective Jim Chee to the chief medical examiner Dr. Kay Scarpetta, the literary detective has been continuously reinvented. Driven by two of America's most distinguishing characteristics, ingenuity and violence, the detective genre variously engages one of our culture's most cherished ideals—individualism. By focusing on the literary and cinematic reinvention of the detective, this course considers how the genre has evolved to represent American culture. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] M. Hanrahan.

FYS 337. Intercultural Musical Experience. How do "first" musical experiences affect individuals and societies? Has a single hearing of any music transformed the way one views oneself and the world? These questions are perhaps most dramatically addressed in the cross-cultural musical encounter. From the age of "discovery" to the present day, the intercultural musical experience has been a focus of aesthetic pleasure, artistic exchange, colonial and racist constructions, identity formation, missionary zeal, and exoticist fantasy. In this seminar, students explore cross-cultural musical encounters from a variety of perspectives and are introduced to the concept of "music as culture." Enrollment limited to 15. G. Fatone.

FYS 339. Owning Ideas: Intellectual Property and the World Economy. Intellectual property (IP) rules allow inventors, writers, artists, and composers to control the use of their creations. Patent, trademark, and copyright rules are adopted by societies believing such protection to be essential to economic and social progress. Critics of IP protection believe such rules to be unnecessary, and perhaps an impediment to economic and social development. This seminar explores the origins of national and international IP regimes, and examines current IP controversies such as Napster. The goal is to develop a framework for evaluating the effect of IP regimes on economic development and human well-being from a variety of disciplines. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] J. Hughes. Concentrations.

FYS 340. Planetarium Production. Since 1963, the College's Ladd Planetarium has been a resource for school and civic groups in the Lewiston-Auburn area. In this seminar, students conceive, write, and produce planetarium shows for public presentation and educational outreach. Students might choose to develop shows on topics such as constellation myths of different cultures, an interesting astronomical object or class of objects (comets, the Orion Nebula, supergiant stars, or supernova explosions), important historical developments in astronomy (for example, ancient Greek cosmology, Galileo's amazing first nights with the newly invented telescope, or Edwin Hubble's discovery of the expansion of the universe), or the development of and scientific results from a major contemporary ground-based or space-based astronomical observatory. Previous experience with astronomy is helpful but not required. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] E. Wollman. Concentrations.

FYS 341. King Arthur: Myth and Legend. The story of King Arthur of Britain and his Knights of the Round Table is one of Western civilization's most enduring legends. This course explores those elements of the Arthur story that make it so universally compelling and the ways in which its details have been adapted according to the needs and desires of its changing audience. Topics considered include feudal loyalty and kinship, women and marriage, monsters and magic, the culture of violence and warfare, and the stylistic and narrative features of the legendary mode. While students read these legends critically, they also explore their popularity: How and why has the myth of Arthur proven so universally appealing? Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] S. Federico.

FYS 348. Literature through Cataclysm. What happens to the literature of conservative societies that undergo cataclysmic change? Within thirty years in the early to mid-twentieth century, three countries ruled by a czar or emperor were propelled by cataclysms—the Russian Revolution, World War II in Japan, and five serial wars in Vietnam—into radically new political and social orders, and also new literary and cinematic expression. This course studies literature, nonfiction, and film on both sides of the cataclysms, with guest lecturers from each country. Students choose a fourth country or culture for individual exploration. The course also includes a service-learning in the local Somali community, whose members have survived a parallel cataclysm. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] W. Hiss. Concentrations.   |   Interdisciplinary Programs.

FYS 349. Lawyers, Real and Imagined. From Portia to Atticus Finch, Johnnie Cochran, and Elle Woods, real and imagined lawyers have amused, inspired, and fascinated us. What values do fictional lawyers reflect and what purposes do they serve? Do they bear any resemblance to real lawyers? In this seminar students examine a variety of fictional, historical, and recent cases and observe live court proceedings in order to explore what our own responses to lawyers, real and imagined, reveal about our attitudes concerning power, justice, responsibility, ethics, race, and gender. In addition to class meetings, students attend court proceedings outside of class time. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] J. Cole.

FYS 360. The People's War. Soviet losses in World War II were enormous, both military and civilian. In the decades after the war, losses and triumphs were memorialized while the repressions of Stalin's regime remained hidden. This course explores fiction, memoirs, and films about the war: stories of civilians and soldiers, women in combat, Stalingrad and Leningrad, Soviet Jews who were war heroes as well as Hitler's victims. Students reflect on what these stories tell us about human lives in extreme conditions; how these stories compare with American accounts of the "greatest generation;" and how different media represent and reflect on violence, heroism, and moral choice. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] J. Costlow. Concentrations.

FYS 368. The Writing on the Wall. The Berlin Wall fell in 1989, signaling the end of the forty-year cold war. However, the Wall still retains a powerful hold over the American imagination as a prime historical artifact of political and personal division. What did it actually entail to slice an existing country in half? How did people living in both East and West come to rely on the Wall to define who they were? What physical or symbolic walls do we erect in modern identity politics, and how are our worldviews shaped by existing political and geographic boundaries? In order to probe these complex ramifications, students analyze political speeches, espionage thrillers, love stories, films, Wall graffiti, interviews, news reports, and monuments and memorials. They also use the Virtual Wall, an online expansion to the course. Not open to students who have received credit for German 120. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] E. Anderson.

FYS 369. Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists. The sub-prime mortgage crisis, the Enron scandal: What hath capitalism wrought? Our everyday economic interactions are within the framework of capitalism. Undergraduate study in economics typically takes this social system as given while rarely shining critical light on it. Apologists tout capitalism's attendant political freedom and wealth accumulation; detractors complain about its resulting materialism and injustice in the distribution of wealth. Economists, social philosophers, and theologians have critically examined capitalism. Students in this course read and discuss works by some of these authors and prepare their own papers arising from their study of capitalism. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] G. Perkins.

FYS 371. Revolutionary Russia. The Russian Revolution is widely considered a pivotal event of the twentieth century. Scholars have studied it from many perspectives: political, economic, social, and cultural. They have sought its terminal points decades before and decades after the events of 1917. Some speak of multiple Russian revolutions in the twentieth century, and one school of thought holds that Russian culture is inherently fertile ground for dynamic sociopolitical changes. Students examine several theories of revolution, and apply them to three periods of twentieth-century Russian history: the 1917 Revolution, collectivization under Stalin, and the collapse of the Soviet Union. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] D. Browne.

FYS 372. Sensory Curiosities: The Biology of Nonhuman Sensory Systems. Humans are aware of the handful of senses we utilize to evaluate our world, but are less familiar with some of the more "exotic" senses found in non human animals. This seminar explores these sensory curiosities that allow animals to navigate—sometimes at night—during migration and food gathering and to select mates and identify other members of their own species. Students examine the senses of bats, dolphins, insects, birds, and fish to better understand the wealth of sensory information around us, whether or not we are capable of utilizing these stimuli ourselves. Writing assignments explore topics more deeply and integrate information across sensory systems. Enrollment limited to 15. [S] [W1] N. Kleckner.

FYS 373. Mathematics and Social Justice. Mathematics teachers are often asked, "What's this stuff good for?" Studying the mathematics underlying social justice issues can be a powerful motivation for the learning of mathematics. Similarly, students adept in mathematics can apply their learning to understand social justice issues such as racial profiling, poverty, immigration, militarization, unemployment, and incarceration. Students critically examine the growing movement to link mathematics education with social justice issues, considering works by both proponents and critics. Students experience the rewards and challenges of integrating issues of social and economic justice into the mathematics curriculum by collaboratively designing the lesson plans. No mathematics beyond high school algebra is required. Enrollment limited to 15. [Q] [W1] B. Shulman. Concentrations.

FYS 374. Before 1776: Thinking Backward. Historians look backward in their efforts to understand any given event, even the most celebrated "beginnings." In this seminar, students look backward from July 4, 1776, and Thomas Jefferson's Declaration to understand how his "truths" could have seemed "self-evident," his "facts," demonstrative. The search begins in the previous month with Jefferson's own draft constitution and George Mason's draft Declaration of Rights for Virginia. The year 1776 had begun with Thomas Paine's Common Sense, and that pamphlet, in turn, had a past, in the polemics that went back to the Stamp Act crisis and before, all of which challenges us to look backward and think backward. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] J. R. Cole.

FYS 375. Several Sides of the Cold War. This course examines the diplomatic history of the cold war with sources from the United States, the former Soviet Bloc, and East Asia. Particular topics may include: the origins of the cold war in Europe and Asia; the Korean and Vietnam Wars; the crises in Berlin, the Taiwan Straits, and Cuba; and the reasons for the cold war's end in 1989. Students write short pieces analyzing primary resources and a research paper on a topic of their own choosing. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] J. Richter.

FYS 377. Toxicology in Public Health. Who determines the acceptable amount of a pollutant in our drinking water? Are we certain that the acceptable amount is a safe amount? How do certain pharmaceutical drugs or pollutants cause harm? How much public funds should be spent trying to answer these questions? Finally, what pieces of data or evidence are used to make policy or decide court cases? This seminar strives to answer these and similar questions as it introduces the field of toxicology in public health. Learning to write well and give an effective oral presentation are integral parts of the course as health professionals must be able to communicate with the public, political leaders, and each other. Not open to students who have received credit for Biology 120. Enrollment limited to 15. [S] [W1] R. Sommer.

FYS 378. The Hoax: Seeking Truth in Disruptive Imagination. Writers and artists create certain fictions to attract an audience; is a well-made hoax the consummate fiction, or is it vile deceit? This course explores controversial intersections of creativity, deception, and intellectual scholarship. In analyzing a variety of "successful" hoaxes and performances—literary, cinematic, and artistic—students judge what productive work, and what damage, these fictions create. Their investigations consider how shifting uses of identity, authorship, and credibility challenge their skills as writers and researchers. Students create their own "false documents" with text, images, and objects. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] R. Strong.

FYS 379. Photographic Narratives. The invention of photographic technology in the middle of the nineteenth century transformed modes of perception and social life in significant ways. The photograph became an object both magical and mundane, unprecedented and absorbed into daily life. In order to trace the impact of this emergent technology, this course explores various intersections between photography and written literature of the time. At times, the approach to the subject is thematic, exploring the representation of photographs and photographers in novels and short fiction. In other instances, students analyze early photographs as objects of textual and technical study. The course pays close attention to the social and cultural functions of photography and assesses its impact on literary realism. Not open to students who have received credit for English 121Q. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] T. Nickel.

FYS 380. Clinical Ethics. This course examines the ethical issues clinicians face in the care of patients and the decision-making processes they use to arrive at answers. Decision making in clinical contexts can be complex and difficult. People from different cultural and professional subgroups must quickly assimilate complicated information to arrive at decisions with serious and typically irreversible consequences. Clinicians must communicate with patients and families on intensely personal topics such as death, God, and family relationships. The course focuses on clinical decision making (in contrast, for example, to issues of public policy) and uses case analysis as its primary mode of instruction. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] F. Chessa. Concentrations.

FYS 381. Visualizing Identities. This course examines definitions of gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, and culture in diverse visual materials. Students think critically about the ways that we articulate and interpret self and other. Each week students analyze examples of visual culture as a means to evaluate constructions, experiences, and interpretations of identities. Themes explored during the semester include gender, feminisms, masculinities, race and ethnicity, globalism, and cultural identity. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] A. Bessire.

FYS 382. The Power of Art. Art captures our attention, engages our emotions, causes us to empathize with characters, and challenges us to reflect on provocative ideas. The power of art to affect us in these ways is pervasive. However, it is also puzzling. Why are we moved by the plights of fictional characters, frightened by fictional events, or engaged in controversial debates by dabs of paint, series of tones, and choreographed movements? This seminar explores philosophical theories of the nature of art and related issues in the philosophy of mind and cognitive science with an eye to understanding the power of art to express ideas and emotions. Enrollment limited to 15. [W1] W. Seeley. Concentrations.