Latin 101

rules:

• The relative pronoun must agree in gender and number with its antecedent.
• The relative pronoun takes its case according to the grammatical function it serves in its own clause.

Examples:

1) The girl is beautiful. You love the girl. => The girl whom you love is beautiful.

• whom would be fem and sing because it modifies "girl."
• whom would be accusative because it is the object of the verb "love."

2) The man is a scoundrel. You lost the election to him. => The man to whom you lost the election is a scoundrel.

• to whom would be masc and sing because it modifies "the man"
• to whom would be dative because it is the indirect object of "lose."

3) The student is brilliant. I graded his/her paper. => The student whose paper I graded is brilliant.

• whose would be masc or fem (depending on genderof student) and sing.
• whose would be genitive to show possession.

4) The friends are crazy. I went to the movies with the friends. => The friends with whom I went to the movies are crazy.

• whom would be masc or fem (depending on gender) and plural
• whom would be ablative (abl of accompaniement with cum)