all 3rd principal parts end in "ï"; the
perfect stem is formed by dropping the "ï" from the 3rd principal part and
adding perfect endings to the perfect stem
endings: (perfect)
1 ï imus 2 istï istis 3 it ërunt
perfect of laudö, laudäre, laudävï, laudätum
| laudävï | laudävimus |
| laudävistï | laudävistis |
| laudävit | laudävërunt |
endings: (future perfect) (perfect stem plus future of sum [except 3pl])
1 erö erimus 2 eris eritis 3 erit erint
future perfect of moneö, monëre, monuï, monitum
| monuerö | monuerimus |
| monueris | monueritis |
| monuerit | monuerint |
endings: (pluperfect) (perfect stem plus imperfect of sum)
1 eram erämus 2 eräs erätis 3 erat erant
pluperfect of dïcö, dïcere, dïxï, dictum
| dïxeram | dïxerämus |
| dïxeräs | dïxerätis |
| dïxerat | dïxerant |