Chapter 4

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Concept Review:

Chapter Four introduces the Neuter endings for Second Declension nouns and adjectives. The ending -um marks the neuter nouns in the Second Declension. An important point to remember about all neuter nouns in the singular AND plural take the same ending in the Nominative AND Accusative.

This chapter also introduces the endings for Feminine, Masculine, and Neuter Adjectives in the First and Second Declensions. Adjectives, just like nouns, have a gender, number, and case. The gender, number, and case of adjectives, however, must correspond to the nouns they modify. This concept is more formally known as the Agreement of Adjectives.

This Chapter also introduces the Present Infinitive and the Present Indicative forms of the verb 'to be' or sum, esse. This is the first of only a handful of irregular verbs you will learn. You have to learn each form. Please refer to page 26 or page 458 of your Wheelock textbook for form references.

Predicate Nouns and Adjectives: Also, sum is a transitive verb meaning that this verb cannot take a direct object. Instead, it links connects the subject with a noun or adjective in the predicate. Sum, therefore, links words in the same case (usually the Nominative) and number.

Substantive Adjectives: These are adjectives that are not attached to a noun. Instead, they stand in the place of nouns. You assume the subject or objects etc. using the number and gender.

Ex. Multae pecuniam dant. Translation: Many women give money.

Ex. Multi pecuniam dant. Translation: Many men give money.

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