CHEMISTRY VOCABULARY second semester

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Pressure:	Force per unit area.
Solution:	A homogeneous mixture of a discontinuous phase (the solute) in a continuous phase (the solvent).
Molarity:	Moles per Liter.
Colligative property:	Property of a solution whose quantity depends only on the number of particles in solution, not their identity.
Energy:	The capacity to do work (measured in Joules).
Joule:	The SI (metric) unit of energy, equal to one Newton-meter.
Calorie:	The heat energy required to raise 1 g of water by 1 degree C.
Specific heat capacity:	Energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 degree C.
Equilibrium:	A situation in which opposing reactions are balanced, so that no NET change takes place.
Acid:	Any substance that can has (and can give away) hydrogen ions.
Base:	Any hydroxide or other substance that can combine with H+ ions.
pH:	-log [H+]
Buffer:	A solution that resists a change in pH.
Oxidation:	Loss of electrons, or an increase in the oxidation number.
Reduction:	Gain of electrons, or a reduction in the oxidation number.
Atomic number:	The number of protons in an atom.
Atomic "weight" = mass number:	Sum of the number of protons and neutrons.
Isotope:	A variant form of an atom, differing in atomic weight from other forms.
Hydrocarbon:	A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon.
Saturated compound:	Compound containing only single bonds, incapable of combining with more hydrogen.
Unsaturated compound:	Compound containing double or triple bonds, therefore capable of addition reactions with hydrogen.
Polymer:	Compound made of many repeated units.

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