SYMBOLS FOR THE ELEMENTS
 
  • The lightest or most abundant element beginning with each letter has a one-letter abbreviation.
    Examples:     H hydrogen     C Carbon     N nitrogen     O oxygen     S sulfur
  • Other elements beginning with the same letter have a two-letter abbreviation, made by adding the first letter that makes their name distinctive from other elements.     For example:
    Ca calcium     Cl chlorine     Cd cadmium     Cr chromium     Co cobalt     Ce cerium     Cs cesium
  • The first letter of any symbol is capitalized; the second letter of any symbol is in lower case.

  • Abbreviations for elements are based on their English names, with these exceptions:
Na   sodium Latin   Natrium
K     potassium Latin   Kalium
Fe   iron Latin   Ferrum
Cu  copper Latin   Cuprum
Ag   silver Latin   Argentum
Au   gold Latin   Aurum
Sn   tin Latin   Stannum
Pb   lead Latin   Plumbum
Sb   antimony Latin   Stibnum
Hg   mercury Greek   Hydrargyrum
W    tungsten German   Wolfram


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