Paleontology #10
Chapters 16, 17.

MESOZOIC FAUNAS
and BIRDS


    Mesozoic climates were warmer in many places that are now cold. A land bridge connected South America across Antarctica to Australia for much of Mesozoic time. The end-Cretaeous extinctions were likely the result of an asteroid impact.
    Birds (Aves) were derived from lightly-built theropod dinosaurs and retain many archosaur traits. Early birds showed varying adaptations and a mosaic diversity of both advanced and conserved traits. Most Mesozoic birds had teeth, but a few, including the ancestors of modern birds, lost their teeth and relied instead on a horny beak. Modern birds have diversified, but the requirements of flying have resulted in many adaptations for reduced weight and often for small size as well.

  • Mesozoic faunas:
    • Mesozoic continents
    • Triassic
    • Jurassic
    • Cretaceous
    • End of the Cretaceous-- Dinosaur extinction, etc.
      • Was it really sudden?
      • Boundary clay at Gubbio, Italy
      • Iridium anomaly (Luis Alvarez: asteroid impact theory)
      • Chicxulub crater
  • Birds:
    • Dromaeosauridae: small, feathered, predatory dinosaurs with strong claws
    • Bird origins
    • Jurassic birds— Archaeopteryx and "mosaic evolution"
    • Cretaceous birds
      New early bird with short pygostyle
    • Cenozoic and modern birds
Illustrations


Syllabus
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