|
|
|||||
(IPEDS col. 15) |
(IPEDS col. 16) |
line |
(IPEDS col. 15) |
(IPEDS col. 16) |
line |
|
Undergraduates | ||||||
Degree-seeking, first-time freshmen | 229 | 250 | line 1 | line 15 | ||
Other first-year, degree-seeking | 7 | 9 | line 2 | line 16 | ||
All other degree-seeking | 599 | 612 | lines 3-6 | lines 17-20 | ||
Total degree-seeking | 835 | 871 | ||||
All other undergraduates enrolled in credit courses | 0 | 0 | line 7 | 0 | 0 | line 21 |
Total undergraduates | 835 | 871 | line 8 | 0 | 0 | line 22 |
First-professional | ||||||
First-time, first-professional students | 0 | 0 | line 9 | 0 | 0 | line 23 |
All other first-professionals | 0 | 0 | line 10 | 0 | 0 | line 24 |
Total first-professional | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Graduate | ||||||
Degree-seeking, first-time | 0 | 0 | line 11 | 0 | 0 | line 25 |
All other degree-seeking | 0 | 0 | line 12 | 0 | 0 | line 26 |
All other graduates enrolled in credit courses | 0 | 0 | line 13 | 0 | 0 | line 27 |
Total graduate | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total all undergraduates (IPEDS sum of lines 8 and 22, cols. 15 and
16): ____1,706_________
Total all graduate and professional students (IPEDS sum of lines 14
and 28, cols. 15 and 16): ____0_________
GRAND TOTAL ALL STUDENTS (IPEDS line 29, sum of cols. 15 and 16): ____1,706______
B2. Enrollment by Racial/Ethnic Category. Provide numbers of degree-seeking undergraduate students reported on IPEDS Fall Enrollment Survey 1999 as of the institution’s official fall reporting date or as of October 15, 1999. Refer to IPEDS EF-1 Part A or IPEDS EF-2 Part A surveys based on column and line numbers in grid for totals.
Degree-seeking first-time first year | Degree-seeking undergraduates | |
IPEDS sum of lines 1 and 15 | IPEDS sum of lines 1-6 and lines 15-20 | |
Nonresident aliens | 38 | 73 |
Black, non-Hispanic | 16 | 37 |
American Indian or Alaskan Native | 1 | 2 |
Asian or Pacific Islander | 18 | 69 |
Hispanic | 3 | 24 |
White, non-Hispanic | 389 | 1,433 |
Multiracial or unknown | 14 | 68 |
Total | 479 | 1,706 |
Persistence
B3. Number of degrees awarded by your institution from July 1, 1998, to June 30, 1999.
417 Bachelor's degrees
For Bachelor’s or Equivalent Programs
Report for the cohort of full-time first-time bachelor’s (or
equivalent) degree-seeking undergraduate students who entered in fall 1993.
Include in the cohort those who entered your institution during the summer
term preceding fall 1993.
B4. Initial 1993 cohort of first-time, full-time bachelor’s (or equivalent) degree-seeking undergraduate students; total all students: _______522__________ (IPEDS GRS, Section II, Part A, line 10, sum of columns 15 and 16)
B5. Of the initial 1993 cohort, how many did not persist and did
not graduate for the following reasons: deceased, permanently disabled,
armed forces, foreign aid service of the federal government, or official
church missions; total allowable exclusions: __________3____________
(IPEDS GRS, Section II, Part C, line 45, sum of columns 15
and 16)
B6. Final 1993 cohort, after adjusting for allowable exclusions: ______519_________ (Subtract question B5 from question B4)
B7. Of the initial 1993 cohort, how many completed the program
in four years or less (by August 31, 1997): ____430_______
(IPEDS GRS, Section II, Part A, line 19, sum of columns 15
and 16)
B8. Of the initial 1993 cohort, how many completed the program in more than four years but in five years or less (after August 31, 1997 and by August 31, 1998): ______18___________ (IPEDS GRS, Section II, Part A, line 20, sum of columns 15 and 16)
B9. Of the initial 1993 cohort, how many completed the program in more than five years but in six years or less (after August 31, 1998 and by August 31, 1999): ______3________ (IPEDS GRS, Section II, Part A, line 21, sum of columns 15 and 16)
B10. Total graduating within six years (sum of questions B7, B8, and B9): ______451________ (IPEDS GRS, Section II, Part A, line 18, sum of columns 15 and 16)
B11. Six-year graduation rate for 1993 cohort (question B10 divided
by question B6): _____86.9_______ %
Retention Rates
Report for the cohort of all full-time, first-time bachelor’s
(or equivalent) degree-seeking undergraduate students who entered in fall
1998 (or the preceding summer term). The initial cohort may be adjusted
for students who departed for the following reasons: deceased, permanently
disabled, armed forces, foreign aid service of the federal government or
official church missions. No other adjustments to the initial cohort should
be made.
B22. For the cohort of all full-time bachelor’s (or equivalent)
degree-seeking undergraduate students who entered your institution as freshmen
in fall 1998 (or the preceding summer term), what percentage was enrolled
at your institution as of the date your institution calculates its official
enrollment in fall 1999? _____93_____ %
Applications
C1. First-time, first-year (freshman) students: Provide the number of degree-seeking students who applied, were admitted, and enrolled (full- or part-time) in fall 1999. Include early decision, early action, and students who began studies during summer in this cohort. Applicants include all students who fulfilled the requirements for consideration for admission (including payment or waiving of the application fee, if any) and who have been notified of one of the following actions: admission, nonadmission, placement on waiting list, or application withdrawn (by applicant or institution). Admitted applicants should include wait-listed students who were subsequently offered admission.
Total men applied
_1,749____
Total women applied
_2,111____
Total men admitted
___577____
Total women admitted ___689____
Total full-time, first-time, first-year (freshman) men enrolled
__229___
Total part-time, first-time, first-year (freshman) men enrolled
____0___
Total full-time, first-time, first-year (freshman) women enrolled
__250___
Total part-time, first-time, first-year (freshman) women enrolled
____0___
C2. Freshman wait-listed students (students who met admission requirements but whose final admission was contingent on space availability)
Do you have a policy of placing students on a waiting list?
Yes: _X__ No: ___
If yes, please answer the questions below for fall 1999 admissions:
Number of qualified applicants placed on waiting list
_700___
Number accepting a place on the waiting list
_250___
Number of wait-listed students admitted
___0___
Admission Requirements
C3. High school completion requirement: High school diploma is required and GED is not accepted
C4. Does your institution require or recommend a general college-preparatory program for degree-seeking students? Required
C5. Distribution of high school units required and/or recommended. Specify the distribution of academic high school course units required and/or recommended of all or most degree-seeking students using Carnegie units (one unit equals one year of study or its equivalent). If you use a different system for calculating units, please convert.
Units required | Units recommended | |
Total academic units | 15 | 18 |
English | 4 | 4 |
Mathematics | 3 | 4 |
Science | 2 | 3 |
Of these, units that must be lab | 1 | 2 |
Foreign language | 3 | 4 |
Social Studies | 1 | 1 |
History | 2 | 2 |
Academic electives | ||
Other (specify) |
Basis for Selection
C6. Do you have an open admission policy, under which virtually all secondary school graduates or students with GED equivalency diplomas are admitted without regard to academic record, test scores, or other qualifications? No
C7. Relative importance of each of the following academic and nonacademic factors in your first-time, first- year (freshman) admission decisions.
Academic
Nonacademic
SAT and ACT Policies
C8. Entrance exams
A. Does your institution make use of SAT I, SAT II, or ACT scores
in admission decisions for first-time, first-year, degree-seeking applicants? yes
Considered if submitted:
B: Does your institution use the SAT I or II or the ACT for placement only? no
C. Latest date by which SAT I or ACT scores must be received for fall-term admission: February 1
Latest date by which SAT II scores must be received for fall-term admission: February 1
D. If necessary, use this space to clarify your test policies (e.g., if tests are recommended for some students, or if tests are not required of some students): submission of test scores is optional
Freshman Profile
Provide percentages for ALL enrolled degree-seeking full-time and part-time, first-time, first-year (freshman) students enrolled in fall 1999, including students who began studies during summer, international students/nonresident aliens, and students admitted under special arrangements.
C9. Percent and number of first-time, first-year (freshman) students enrolled in fall 1999 who submitted national standardized (SAT/ACT) test scores. Include information for ALL enrolled, first-time, first-year (freshman) degree-seeking students who submitted test scores. Do not include partial test scores (e.g., mathematics scores but not verbal for a category of students) or combine other standardized test results (such as TOEFL) in this item. SAT scores should be recentered scores. The 25th percentile is that score that 25 percent scored at or below; the 75th percentile score is the one that 25 percent scored at or above.
Percent submitting SAT scores | 55.1% | Number submitting SAT scores | 264 |
Percent submitting ACT scores | N/A | Number submitting ACT scores | N/A |
25th percentile | 75th percentile | |
SAT I Verbal | 630 | 700 |
SAT I Math | 630 | 700 |
ACT Composite | N/A | N/A |
Percent of first-time, first-year (freshman) students with scores in each range
SAT I Verbal | SAT I Math | |
700-800 | 29.9% | 28.8% |
600-699 | 59.8% | 62.5% |
500-599 | 9.1% | 7.2% |
400-499 | 1.1% | 1.5% |
300-399 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
200-299 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
ACT Composite | ACT English | ACT Math | |
30-36 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
24-29 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
18-23 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
12-17 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
6-11 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
below 6 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
C10. Percent of all degree-seeking, first-time, first-year (freshman) students who had high school class rank within each of the following ranges (report information for those students from whom you collected high school rank information).
Percent in top 10th of high school graduating class | 61.5% |
Percent in top quarter of high school graduating class | 93.8% |
Percent in top half of high school graduating class | 99.2% |
Percent in bottom half of high school graduating class | 0.8% |
Percent in bottom quarter of high school graduating class | 0.0% |
Percent of total first-time, first-year (freshman) students who submitted high school class rank: 54.3%
C12. Average high school GPA of all degree-seeking first-time, first-year (freshman) students who submitted GPA: N/A
Admission Policies
C13. Application fee
C14. Application closing date
C15. Are first-time, first-year students accepted for terms other than the fall? Yes
C16. Notification to applicants of admission decision: Sent by March 31
C17. Reply policy for admitted applicants: Must reply by May 1
C18. Deferred admission: Does your institution allow students to postpone enrollment after admission? Yes, for one year
C19. Early admission of high school students: Does your institution allow high school students to enroll as full-time, first-time, first-year (freshman) students one year or more before high school graduation? Yes
C20. Common Application: Will you accept the Common Application distributed by the National Association of Secondary School Principals if submitted? Yes
C21. Early decision: Does your institution offer an early decision
plan (an admission plan that permits students to apply and be notified
of an admission decision well in advance of the regular notification date
and that asks students to commit to attending if accepted) for first-time,
first-year (freshman) applicants for fall enrollment? Yes
Please provide significant details about your early decision plan: _____________________________________
C22. Early action: Do you have a nonbinding early action plan whereby students are notified of an admission decision well in advance of the regular notification date but do not have to commit to attending your college? No
Fall Applicants
D1. Does your institution enroll transfer students?
Yes
If yes, may transfer students earn advanced standing credit
by transferring credits earned from course work completed at other colleges/universities?
Yes
D2. Provide the number of students who applied, were admitted, and enrolled as degree-seeking transfer students in fall 1999.
Applicants | Admitted applicants | Enrolled applicants | |
Men | 48 | 4 | 1 |
Women | 42 | 6 | 1 |
Total | 90 | 10 | 2 |
Application for Admission
D3. Indicate terms for which transfers may enroll: Fall, Winter
D4. Must a transfer applicant have a minimum number of credits completed or else must apply as a an entering freshman? Yes
D5. Indicate all items required of transfer students to apply for admission:
Required of all | Recommended for all | Recommended for some | Required for some | Not required | |
High school transcript |
|
||||
College transcript(s) |
|
||||
Essay or personal statement |
|
||||
Interview |
|
||||
Standardized test scores |
|
X | |||
Statement of good standing from prior institution(s) |
|
D6. If a minimum high school grade point average is required of transfer applicants, specify (on a 4.0 scale): N/A
D7. If a minimum college grade point average is required of transfer applicants, specify (on a 4.0 scale): N/A
D8. List any other application requirements specific to transfer applicants:
D9. List application priority, closing, notification, and candidate reply dates for transfer students.
Priority date | Closing date | Notification date | Reply date | Rolling admission | |
Fall | March 1 | April 1 | May 1 | ||
Winter | November 1 | December 1 | December 15 | ||
Spring | |||||
Summer |
D10. Does an open admission policy, if reported, apply to transfer students?
D11. Describe additional requirements for transfer admission, if applicable:
Transfer Credit Policies
D12. Report the lowest grade earned for any course that may be
transferred for credit: C
D13. Maximum number of credits or courses that may be transferred
from a two-year institution: N/A
D14. Maximum number of credits or courses that may be transferred
from a four-year institution: 2 years of credit
D15. Minimum number of credits that transfers must complete at
your institution to earn an associate’s degree: N/A
D16. Minimum number of credits that transfers must complete at
your institution to earn a bachelor’s degree: 2 years
D17. Describe other transfer credit policies: N/A
E1. Special study options: Identify those programs available at your institution. Refer to definitions.
Accelerated program | Independent study |
Double major | Internships |
Dual enrollment | Student-designed major |
Exchange student program (domestic) | Study abroad |
Honors program | Teacher certification program |
Humanities |
Sciences (biological or physical) |
Social science |
Quantitative |
Library Collections
Report the number of holdings. Refer to most recent IPEDS Library Survey, Part D, for corresponding equivalents.
E4.
Books, serial backfiles, electronic documents, and government
documents (titles) that are accessible through the library’s catalog
_376,407_ (sum of lines 27 and 29, column 2)
E5.
Current serial subscriptions (paper, microform, electronic): _9,206__(sum of lines 30 and 31, column 2)
E6.
Microforms (units) : __256,849___(line 28, column 2)
E7.
Audiovisual materials (units): _48,233___(line 32, column
2)
First-time, first year (freshmam) students | Undergraduates | |
Percent who are from out of state (exclude internat’l/nonresident aliens) | 89.6% | 88.9% |
Percent of men who join fraternities | N/A | N/A |
Percent of women who join sororities | N/A | N/A |
Percent who live in college-owned, -operated, or -affiliated housing | 99.8% | 90% |
Percent who live off campus or commute | 0.2% | 10% |
Percent of students age 25 and older | 0.0% | 0.3% |
Average age of full-time students | 18 | 20 |
Average age of all students (full- and part-time) | 18 | 20 |
F2. Activities offered Identify those programs available at your institution.
Choral groups | Music ensembles | Student-run film society |
Concert band | Music ensembles | Symphony orchestra |
Dance | Pep band | Television station |
Drama/theater | Radio station | Yearbook |
Jazz band | Student government | |
Literary magazine | Student newspaper |
F3. ROTC (program offered in cooperation with Reserve Officers’ Training Corps): Not offered
F4. Housing: Check all types of college-owned, -operated, or -affiliated housing available for undergraduates at your institution.
Coed dorms |
Men’s dorms |
Women’s dorms |
Theme houses |
Provide 2000-2001 academic year costs for the following categories that are applicable to your institution.
G1. Undergraduate full-time tuition, required fees, room and board
List the typical tuition, required fees, and room and board for a full-time undergraduate student for the FULL 2000-2001 academic year. A full academic year refers to the period of time generally extending from September to June; usually equated to two semesters or trimesters, three quarters, or the period covered by a four-one-four plan. Room and board is defined as double occupancy and 19 meals per week or the maximum meal plan. Required fees include only charges that all full-time students must pay that are not included in tuition (e.g., registration, health, or activity fees.) Do not include optional fees (e.g., parking, laboratory use).
|
|
|
PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS: |
N/A |
N/A |
PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS In-district: |
N/A |
N/A |
In-state (out-of-district): |
N/A |
N/A |
Out-of-state: | N/A | N/A |
NONRESIDENT ALIENS: | N/A | N/A |
REQUIRED FEES: | N/A | N/A |
ROOM AND BOARD: (on-campus) | N/A | N/A |
ROOM ONLY: (on-campus) | N/A | N/A |
BOARD ONLY: (on-campus meal plan) | N/A | N/A |
Comprehensive tuition/room/board fee (if your college cannot provide separate tuition/room/board fees): _____$32,650____
G2. Number of credits per term a student can take for the stated full-time tuition: _3___minimum _6___maximum
G3. Do tuition and fees vary by year of study (e.g., sophomore, junior, senior)? No
G4. If tuition and fees vary by undergraduate instructional program, describe briefly: N/A
G5. Provide the estimated expenses for a typical full-time undergraduate student:
|
(living at home) |
(not living at home) |
|
Books and supplies: | $ 800 | $ 800 | $ 800 |
Room only: | N/A | ||
Board only: | N/A | N/A | |
Transportation: | $ 635 | N/A | N/A |
Other expenses: | $ 950 | N/A | N/A |
G6. Undergraduate per-credit-hour charges:
PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS: |
$800 |
PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS In-district: |
N/A |
In-state (out-of-district): |
N/A |
Out-of-state: | N/A |
NONRESIDENT ALIENS: | N/A |
Aid Awarded to Enrolled Undergraduates
H1. Enter total dollar amounts awarded to full-time and less than full-time degree-seeking undergraduates (using the same cohort reported in CDS Question B1, “total degree-seeking” undergraduates) in the following categories. Include aid awarded to international students (i.e., those not qualifying for federal aid). Aid that is non-need-based but that was used to meet need should be reported in the need-based aid columns. (For a suggested order of precedence in assigning categories of aid to cover need, see the definitions section.)
Indicate academic year for which data are reported:
1999-2000 actual _X_ 1999-2000 estimated __
1998-99 actual __
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scholarships/Grants | ||
Federal | $ 497,489 | $ 0 |
State | $ 80,015 | $ 0 |
Institutional (endowment, alumni, or other institutional awards) and external funds awarded by the college excluding athletic aid and tuition waivers (which are reported below) | $10,930,108 | $ 0 |
Scholarships/grants from external sources (e.g., Kiwanis, NMSQT) not awarded by the college | $ 476,800 | $ 0 |
Total Scholarships/Grants: | $11,984,412 | $ 0 |
Self-Help | ||
Student loans from all sources (excluding parent loans) | $2,515,974 | $ 0 |
Federal Work-Study | $ 1,036,877 | |
State and other work-study/employment | $ 83,000 | $ 0 |
Total Self-Help | $3,635,851 | $ 0 |
Parent Loans | $ 0 | $ 2,029,078 |
Tuition waivers | $ 0 | $ 0 |
Athletic awards | $ 0 | $ 0 |
Number of Enrolled Students Receiving Aid
H2. List the number of degree-seeking full-time and less-than-full-time undergraduates who applied for and received financial aid. Aid that is non-need-based but that was used to meet need should be counted as need-based aid. Numbers should reflect the cohort receiving the dollars reported in H1.
Note: In the chart below, students may be counted in more
than one row, and full-time freshmen should also be counted as full-time
undergraduates.
|
|
|
full-time undergrad |
|
479 | 1,706 | N/A |
|
271 | 844 | N/A
|
|
233 | 765 | N/A
|
|
231 | 732 | N/A |
|
224 | 693 | N/A |
|
226 | 720 | N/A |
|
0 | 0 | N/A |
|
231 | 732 | N/A |
|
100% | 100% | N/A |
|
$21,805 | $20,487 | N/A |
|
$18,610 | $15,772 | N/A |
|
$3,842 | $5,050 | N/A |
|
$2,041 | $3,494 | N/A |
n) Number of students in line a who had no financial need who received non-need-based aid (exclude those receiving athletic awards and tuition benefits) |
0 | 0 | N/A |
o) Average award to students in line (n) |
$0 | $0 | N/A |
p) Number of students in line a who received a non-need-based athletic award |
0 | 0 | N/A |
q) Average non-need-based athletic award to those in line (p) |
$0 | $0 | N/A |
H3. Which needs-analysis methodology does your institution use in awarding institutional aid?
___ Federal methodology (FM)
___ Institutional methodology (IM)
_X_ Both FM and IM
H4. Percent of graduating undergraduate class who have borrowed through any loan programs (federal, state, subsidized, unsubsidized, private etc.; exclude parent loans). Include only students who borrowed while enrolled at your institution. ____46%_____
H5. Average per-borrower cumulative undergraduate indebtedness of those in line H4; do not include money borrowed at other institutions: $___15,129__
Aid to Undergraduate International Students
H6. Indicate your institution’s policy regarding financial aid for undergraduate international (nonresident alien) students:
College-administered need-based financial aid is available for undergraduate international students
If college-administered financial aid is available for undergraduate international students, provide the number of undergraduate international students who received need- or non-need-based aid: __54____
Average dollar amount awarded to undergraduate international students: $ __28,568__________
Total dollar amount of financial aid from all sources awarded
to all undergraduate international students:
$ __1,542,672____________
Process for First-Year/Freshman Students
H7. Check off all financial aid forms domestic first-year
(freshman) financial aid applicants must submit:
Yes | FAFSA |
No | Institution’s own financial aid form |
Yes | CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE |
No | State aid form |
Yes | Noncustodial (Divorced/Separated) Parent’s Statement |
Yes | Business/Farm Supplement |
No | Other |
H8. Check off all financial aid forms international
(nonresident alien) first-year financial aid applicants must submit:
Yes | Institution’s own financial aid form |
No | CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE |
No | Foreign Student’s Financial Aid Application |
No | Foreign Student’s Certification of Finances |
No | Other |
H9. Indicate filing dates for first-year (freshman) students:
Priority date for filing required financial aid forms:___N/A________
Deadline for filing required financial aid forms: __January 15 (November 15
for early decision_
No deadline for filing required forms (applications processed on a
rolling basis): ___________
H10. Indicate notification dates for first-year (freshman) students:
Students notified on or about (date): ____April 8______
Students notified on a rolling basis: yes/no
If yes, starting date:
H11. Indicate reply dates:
Students must reply by (date): _____May 1_____
Types of Aid Available
Please check off all types of aid available to undergraduates at your institution:
H12.
Loans
FEDERAL DIRECT STUDENT LOAN PROGRAM (DIRECT LOAN) | |
No | Direct Subsidized Stafford Loans |
No | Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loans |
No | Direct PLUS Loans |
FEDERAL FAMILY EDUCATION LOAN PROGRAM (FFEL) | |
Yes | FFEL Subsidized Stafford Loans |
Yes | FFEL Unsubsidized Stafford Loans |
Yes | FFEL PLUS Loans |
Yes | Federal Perkins Loans |
No | Federal Nursing Loans |
No | State Loans |
Yes | College/university loans from institutional funds |
No | Other (specify): |
H13. Scholarships and Grants
Need-based: | |
Yes | Federal Pell |
Yes | SEOG |
Yes | State scholarships/grants |
Yes | Private scholarships |
Yes | College/university gift aid from institutional funds |
No | United Negro College Fund |
No | Federal Nursing Scholarship |
No | Other (specify): |
I-1. Please report number of instructional faculty members in each category for Fall 1999.
The following definition of instructional faculty is used by the American
Association of University Professors (AAUP) in its annual Faculty Compensation
Survey. Instructional Faculty is defined as those members of the instructional-research
staff whose major regular assignment is instruction, including those with
released time for research. Institutions are asked to EXCLUDE:
(a) instructional faculty in preclinical and clinical medicine
(b) administrative officers with titles such as dean of students, librarian,
registrar, coach, and the like, even though they may devote part of their
time to classroom instruction and may have faculty status,
(c) undergraduate or graduate students who assist in the instruction
of courses, but have titles such as teaching assistant, teaching fellow,
and the like
(d) faculty on leave without pay, and
(e) replacement faculty for faculty on sabbatical leave.
Full-time: faculty employed on a full-time basis
Part-time: faculty teaching less than two semesters, three quarters,
two trimesters, or two four-month sessions. Also includes adjuncts and
part-time instructors.
Minority faculty: includes faculty who designate themselves as black,
non-Hispanic; American Indian or Alaskan native; Asian or Pacific Islander;
or Hispanic.
Doctorate: includes Ph.D., Ed.D in education, DMA in musical arts,
DBA in business administration, D. Eng or DES in engineering.
First-professional: includes the fields of dentistry (DDS or DMD),
medicine (MD), optometry (OD), osteopathic medicine (DO), pharmacy (DPharm
or BPharm), podiatric medicine (DPM), veterinary medicine (DVM), chiropractic
(DC or DCM), law (JD) and theological professions (MDiv, MHL).
Terminal degree: the highest degree in a field: example, M. Arch (architecture) and MFA (master of fine arts).
Full-time | Part-time | Total | |
Total number of instructional faculty | 165 | 16 | 181 |
Total number who are members of minority groups | 24 | 1 | 25 |
Total number who are women | 72 | 5 | 77 |
Total number who are men | 93 | 11 | 104 |
Total number who are non-resident aliens (international) | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Total number with doctorate, first professional, or other terminal degree | 152 | 12 | 164 |
Total number whose highest degree is a master’s but not a terminal master’s | 9 | 3 | 12 |
Total number whose highest degree is a bachelor’s | 4 | 1 | 5 |
I-2. Student to Faculty Ratio
Report the Fall 1999 ratio of full-time equivalent students (full-time plus 1/3 part time) to full-time equivalent instructional faculty (full time plus 1/3 part time). In the ratio calculations, exclude both faculty and students in stand-alone graduate or professional programs such as medicine, law, veterinary, dentistry, social work, business, or public health in which faculty teach virtually only graduate level students. Do not count undergraduate or graduate student teaching assistants as faculty.
Fall 1999 Student to Faculty ratio: ___10_____ to 1.
I-3. Undergraduate Class Size
In the table below, please use the following definitions to report information about the size of classes and class sections offered in the Fall 1999 term.
Class Sections: A class section is an organized course offered for credit, identified by discipline and number, meeting at a stated time or times in a classroom or similar setting, and not a subsection such as a laboratory or discussion session. Undergraduate class sections are defined as any sections in which at least one degree-seeking undergraduate student is enrolled for credit. Exclude distance learning classes and noncredit classes and individual instruction such as dissertation or thesis research, music instruction, or one-to-one readings. Exclude students in independent study, co-operative programs, internships, foreign language taped tutor sessions, practicums, and all students in one-on-one classes. Each class section should be counted only once and should not be duplicated because of course catalog cross-listings.
Class Subsections: A class subsection includes any subsection of a course, such as laboratory, recitation, and discussion subsections that are supplementary in nature and are scheduled to meet separately from the lecture portion of the course. Undergraduate subsections are defined as any subsections of courses in which degree-seeking undergraduate students enrolled for credit. As above, exclude noncredit classes and individual instruction such as dissertation or thesis research, music instruction, or one-to-one readings. Each class subsection should be counted only once and should not be duplicated because of cross-listings.
Using the above definitions, please report for each of the following class-size intervals the number of class sections and class subsections offered in Fall 1999. For example, a lecture class with 800 students who met at another time in 40 separate labs with 20 students should be counted once in the “100+” column in the class section column and 40 times under the “20-29” column of the class subsections table.
Number of Class Sections with Undergraduates Enrolled.
CLASS SECTIONS | Less than 10 | 10-19 | 20-29 | 30-39 | 40-49 | 50-99 | 100+ | Total |
102 | 147 | 70 | 35 | 17 | 15 | 0 | 386 | |
CLASS SUB- SECTIONS | ||||||||
25 | 42 | 15 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 90 |
Degrees conferred between July 1, 1998 and June 30, 1999
Reference: IPEDS Completions, Part A
For each of the following discipline areas, provide the percentage of diplomas/certificates, associate, and bachelor's degrees awarded.
Category |
Diploma/ certificates |
Associate |
Bachelor’s |
CIP categories to include here |
Agriculture |
1 and 2 |
|||
Architecture |
4 |
|||
Area and ethnic studies |
5.8% |
5 |
||
Biological/life sciences |
14.6% |
26 |
||
Business/marketing |
8 and 52 |
|||
Communications/communication technologies |
9 and 10 |
|||
Computer and information sciences |
11 |
|||
Education |
13 |
|||
Engineering/engineering technologies |
1.0% |
14 and 15 |
||
English |
10.6% |
23 |
||
Foreign languages and literature |
4.8% |
16 |
||
Health professions and related sciences |
51 |
|||
Home economics and vocational home economics |
19 and 20 |
|||
Interdisciplinary studies |
6.5% |
30 |
||
Law/legal studies |
22 |
|||
Liberal arts/general studies |
24 |
|||
Library science |
25 |
|||
Mathematics |
1.2% |
27 |
||
Military science and technologies |
28 and 29 |
|||
Natural resources/environmental science |
3 |
|||
Parks and recreation |
31 |
|||
Personal and miscellaneous services |
12 |
|||
Philosophy, religion, theology |
1.9% |
38 and 39 |
||
Physical sciences |
8.6% |
40 and 41 |
||
Protective services/public administration |
43 and 44 |
|||
Psychology |
11.3% |
42 |
||
Social sciences and history |
27.3% |
45 |
||
Trade and industry |
46, 47, 48, and 49 |
|||
Visual and performing arts |
6.5% |
50 |
||
|
||||
|
100% |
100% |
100% |
Common Data Set Definitions
Note: Items preceded by an asterisk (*) represent
definitions agreed to among publishers which do not appear on the CDS document
but may be present on individual publisher’s surveys.
*Academic advisement: plan under which each student
is assigned to a faculty member or a trained adviser, who, through regular
meetings, helps the student plan and implement immediate and long-term
academic and vocational goals.
Accelerated program: Completion of a college program
of study in fewer than the usual number of years, most often by attending
summer sessions and carrying extra courses during the regular academic
term.
Admitted student: Applicant who is offered admission
to a degree-granting program at your institution.
*Adult student services: admission assistance,
support, orientation, and other services expressly for adults who have
started college for the first time, or who are re-entering after a lapse
of a few years.
American Indian or Alaska native: A person having
origins in any of the original peoples of North America and who maintains
cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community recognition.
Applicant (first-time, first year): An individual
who has fulfilled the institution’s requirements to be considered for admission
(including payment or waiving of the application fee, if any) and who has
been notified of one of the following actio ns: admission, nonadmission,
placement on waiting list, or application withdrawn (by applicant or institution).
Application fee: That amount of money that an
institution charges for processing a student’s application for acceptance.
This amount is not creditable toward tuition and required fees,
nor is it refundable if the student is not admitted to the institution.
Asian or Pacific Islander: A person having origins
in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, the Indian
Subcontinent, or Pacific Islands. This includes people from China, Japan,
Korea, the Philippine Islands, American Samoa, India, and Vietnam.
Associate’s degree: An award that normally requires
at least two but less than four years of full-time equivalent college work.
Bachelor’s degree: An award (baccalaureate or
equivalent degree, as determined by the Secretary, U.S. Department of Education)
that normally requires at least four years but not more than five
years of full-time equivalent college-level wor k. This includes ALL bachelor’s
degrees conferred in a five-year cooperative (work-study plan) program.
A cooperative plan provides for alternate class attendance and employment
in business, industry, or government; thus, it allows students to combine
act ual work experience with their college studies. Also, it includes bachelor’s
degrees in which the normal four years of work are completed in three years.
Black, non-Hispanic: A person having origins in
any of the black racial groups of Africa (except those of Hispanic origin).
Board (charges): Assume average cost for 19 meals
per week or the maximum meal plan.
Books and supplies (costs): Average cost of books
and supplies. Do not include unusual costs for special groups of students
(e.g., engineering or art majors), unless they constitute the majority
of students at your institution.
Calendar system: The method by which an institution
structures most of its courses for the academic year.
*Career and placement services: A range of services,
including (often) the following: coordination of visits of employers to
campus; aptitude and vocational testing; interest inventories, personal
counseling; help in resume writing, interviewing, launching the job search;
listings for those desiring students employment and those seeking permanent
positions; establishment of a permanent reference folder; career resource
materials
Carnegie units: One year of study or the equivalent
in a secondary school subject.
Certificate: See Postsecondary award, certificate,
or diploma.
Class rank: The relative numerical position of
a student in his or her graduating class, calculated by the high school
on the basis of grade-point average, whether weighted or unweighted.
College preparatory program: Courses in academic
subjects (English, history and social studies, foreign languages, mathematics,
science, and the arts) that stress preparation for college or university
study.
Common Application: The standard application form
distributed by the National Association of Secondary School Principals
for a large number of private colleges who are members of the Common Application
Group.
*Community service program: Referral center for
students wishing to perform volunteer work in the community or volunteer
activities coordinated by academic departments.
Commuter: A student who lives off campus in housing
that is not owned by, operated by, or affiliated with the college. This
category includes students who commute from home and students who have
moved to the area to attend college.
Contact hour: A unit of measure that represents
an hour of scheduled instruction given to students. Also referred to as
clock hour.
Continuous basis (for program enrollment): A calendar
system classification that is used by institutions that enroll students
at any time during the academic year. For example, a cosmetology school
or a word processing school might allow students to enroll and begin studies
at various times, with no requirement that classes begin on a certain date.
Cooperative (work-study plan) program: A program
that provides for alternate class attendance and employment in business,
industry, or government.
Cooperative housing: College-owned, -operated,
or -affiliated housing in which students share room and board expenses
and participate in household chores to reduce living expenses.
Core curriculum: A specified number of courses
or credits in the humanities, social sciences, life sciences, and/or physical
sciences required of all students, regardless of major, to ensure a basic
set of learning experiences.
*Counseling service: Activities designed to assist
students in making plans and decisions related to their education, career,
or personal development.
Credit: Recognition of attendance or performance
in an instructional activity (course or program) that can be applied by
a recipient toward the requirements for a degree, diploma, certificate,
or other formal award.
Credit course: A course that, if successfully
completed, can be applied toward the number of courses required for achieving
a degree, diploma, certificate, or other formal award.
Credit hour: A unit of measure representing an
hour (50 minutes) of instruction over a 15-week period in a semester or
trimester system or a 10-week period in a quarter system. It is applied
toward the total number of hours needed for completing t he requirements
of a degree, diploma, certificate, or other formal award.
Cross-registration: A system whereby students
enrolled at one institution may take courses at another institution without
having to apply to the second institution.
Deferred admission: The practice of permitting
admitted students to postpone enrollment, usually for a period of one academic
term or one year.
Degree: An award conferred by a college, university,
or other postsecondary education institution as official recognition for
the successful completion of a program of studies.
Degree-seeking students: Students enrolled in
courses for credit who are recognized by the institution as seeking a degree
or formal award. At the undergraduate level, this is intended to include
students enrolled in vocational or occupational pro grams.
Differs by program (calendar system): A calendar
system classification that is used by institutions that have occupational/vocational
programs of varying length. These schools may enroll students at specific
times depending on the program desired. For example, a school might offer
a two-month program in January, March, May, September, and November; and
a three-month program in January, April, and October.
Diploma: See Postsecondary award, certificate,
or diploma.
Distance learning: An option for earning course
credit at off-campus locations via cable television, internet, satellite
classes, videotapes, correspondence courses, or other means.
Doctoral degree: The highest award a student can
earn for graduate study. The doctoral degree classification includes such
degrees as Doctor of Education, Doctor of Juridical Science, Doctor of
Public Health, and the Doctor of Philosophy degree in any field such as
agronomy, food technology, education, engineering, public administration,
ophthalmology, or radiology. For the Doctor of Public Health degree, the
prior degree is generally earned in the closely related field of medicine
or in sanitary engineering.
Double major: Program in which students may complete
two undergraduate programs of study simultaneously.
Dual enrollment: A program through which high
school students may enroll in college courses while still enrolled in high
school. Students are not required to apply for admission to your college
in order to participate.
Early action plan: An admission plan that allows
students to apply and be notified of an admission decision well in advance
of the regular notification dates. If admitted, the candidate is not committed
to enroll; the student may reply to the offe r under the college’s regular
reply policy.
Early admission: A policy under which students
who have not completed high school are admitted and enroll full time in
college, usually after completion of their junior year.
Early decision plan: A plan that permits students
to apply and be notified of an admission decision (and financial aid offer
if applicable) well in advance of the regular notification date. Applicants
agree to accept an offer of admission and, if admitted, to withdraw their
applications from other colleges. There are three possible decisions for
early decision applicants: admitted, denied, or not admitted but forwarded
for consideration with the regular applicant pool, without prejudice.
English as a Second Language (ESL): A course of
study designed specifically for students whose native language is not English.
Exchange student program-domestic: Any arrangement
between a student and a college that permits study for a semester or more
at another college in the United States without extending the amount
of time required for a degree. See also Stud y abroad.
External degree program: A program of study in
which students earn credits toward a degree through independent study,
college courses, proficiency examinations, and personal experience. External
degree programs require minimal or no classroom atten dance.
Extracurricular activities (as admission factor):
Special
consideration in the admissions process given for participation in both
school and nonschool-related activities of interest to the college, such
as clubs, hobbies, student government, athle tics, performing arts, etc.
First professional certificate (postdegree): An
award that requires completion of an organized program of study designed
for persons who have completed the first professional degree. Examples
could be refresher courses or additional units of study in a specialty
or subspecialty.
First professional degree: An award in one of
the following fields: Chiropractic (DC, DCM), dentistry (DDS, DMD), medicine
(MD), optometry (OD), osteopathic medicine (DO), rabbinical and Talmudic
studies (MHL, Rav), Pharmacy (B.Pharm, Pharm.D), po diatry (PodD, DP, DPM),
veterinary medicine (DVM), law (LLB, JD), divinity/ministry (BD, MDiv).
First-time student: A student attending any institution
for the first time at the level enrolled. Includes students enrolled in
the fall term who attended a postsecondary institution for the first time
at the same level in the prior summer term. A lso includes students who
entered with advanced standing (college credit earned before graduation
from high school).
First-time, first-year (freshman) student: A student
attending any institution for the first time at the undergraduate level.
Includes students enrolled in the fall term who attended college for the
first time in the prior summer term. Also includ es students who entered
with advanced standing (college credits earned before graduation from high
school).
First-year student: A student who has completed
less than the equivalent of 1 full year of undergraduate work; that is,
less than 30 semester hours (in a 120-hour degree program) or less than
900 contact hours.
Freshman: A first-year undergraduate student.
*Freshman/new student orientation: Orientation
addressing the academic, social, emotional, and intellectual issues involved
in beginning college. May be a few hours or a few days in length; at some
colleges, there is a fee.
Full-time student (undergraduate): A student enrolled
for 12 or more semester credits, or 12 or more quarter credits, or 24 or
more contact hours a week each term.
Geographical residence (as admission factor): Special
consideration in the admission process given to students from a particular
region, state, or country of residence.
Grade-point average (academic high school GPA): The
sum of grade points a student has earned in secondary school divided by
the number of courses taken. The most common system of assigning numbers
to grades counts four points for an A, three point s for a B, two points
for a C, one point for a D, and no points for an E or F. Unweighted GPA’s
assign the same weight to each course. Weighting gives students additional
points for their grades in advanced or honors courses.
Graduate student: A student who holds a bachelor’s
or first professional degree, or equivalent, and is taking courses at the
post-baccalaureate level.
*Health services: Free or low cost on-campus primary
and preventive health care available to students.
High school diploma or recognized equivalent:
A document certifying the successful completion of a prescribed secondary
school program of studies, or the attainment of satisfactory scores on
the Tests of General Educational Development (GED) or an other state specified
examination.
Hispanic: A person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban,
Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless
of race.
Honors program: Any special program for very able
students offering the opportunity for educational enrichment, independent
study, acceleration, or some combination of these.
Independent study: Academic work chosen or designed
by the student with the approval of the department concerned, under an
instructor’s supervision, and usually undertaken outside of the regular
classroom structure.
In-state tuition: The tuition charged by institutions
to those students who meet the state’s or institution’s residency requirements.
International student: See Nonresident alien.
Internship: Any short-term, supervised work experience
usually related to a student’s major field, for which the student earns
academic credit. The work can be full or part time, on- or off-campus,
paid or unpaid.
*Learning center: Center offering assistance through
tutors, workshops, computer programs or audiovisual equipment in reading,
writing, math, and skills such as taking notes, managing time, taking tests.
*Legal services: Free or low cost legal advice for a
range of issues (personal and other).
Liberal arts/career combination: Program in which
a student earns undergraduate degrees in two separate fields, one in a
liberal arts major and the other in a professional or specialized major,
whether on-campus or through cross-registration.
Master’s degree: An award that requires the successful
completion of a program of study of at least the full-time equivalent of
one but not more than two academic years of work beyond the bachelor’s
degree.
Minority affiliation (as admission factor): Special
consideration in the admission process for members of designated racial/ethnic
minority groups.
*Minority student center: Center with programs,
activities, and/or services intended to enhance the college experience
of students of color.
Nonresident alien: A person who
is not a citizen or national of the United States and who is in this country
on a visa or temporary basis and does not have the right to remain indefinitely.
*On-campus day care: Licensed day care for children
of students (usually 3 and up); usually for a fee.
Open admission: Admission policy under which virtually
all secondary school graduates or students with GED equivalency diplomas
are admitted without regard to academic record, test scores, or other qualifications.
Other expenses (costs): Include average costs
for clothing, laundry, entertainment, medical (if not a required fee),
and furnishings.
Out-of-state tuition: The tuition charged by institutions
to those students who do not meet the institution’s or state’s residency
requirements.
Part-time student (undergraduate): A student enrolled
for less than 12 credits per semester or quarter, or less than 24 contact
hours a week each term.
*Personal counseling: One-on-one or group counseling
with trained professionals for student who want to explore personal, educational,
or vocational problems.
Post-master’s certificate: An award that requires
completion of an organized program of study of 24 credit hours beyond the
master’s degree but does not meet the requirements of academic degrees
at the doctoral level.
Post-baccalaureate certificate: An award that
requires completion of an organized program of study requiring 18 credit
hours beyond the bachelor’s; designed for persons who have completed a
baccalaureate degree but do not meet the requirements of academic degrees
carrying title of master.
Postsecondary award, certificate, or diploma (at least
one but less than two academic years): Requires completion of an organized
program of study at the postsecondary level (below the baccalaureate degree)
in at least one but less than two full-t ime equivalent academic years,
or designed for completion in at least 30 but less than 60 credit hours,
or in at least 900 but less than 1,800 contact hours.
Private institution: An educational institution
controlled by a private individual(s) or by a nongovernmental agency, usually
supported primarily by other than public funds, and operated by other than
publicly elected or appointed officials.
Private nonprofit institution: A private institution
in which the individual(s) or agency in control receives no compensation,
other than wages, rent, or other expenses for the assumption of risk. These
include both independent nonprofit schools a nd those affiliated with a
religious organization.
Proprietary institution: See Private nonprofit
institution.
Public institution: An educational institution
whose programs and activities are operated by publicly elected or appointed
school officials, and which is supported primarily by public funds.
Quarter calendar system: A calendar system in
which the academic year consists of three sessions called quarters of about
12 weeks each. The range may be from 10 to 15 weeks. There may be an additional
quarter in the summer.
Race/ethnicity: Category used to describe groups
to which individuals belong, identify with, or belong in the eyes of the
community. The categories do not denote scientific definitions of anthropological
origins. A person may be counted in only on e group.
Race/ethnicity unreported: Category used to classify
students or employees whose race/ethnicity is not known and whom institutions
are unable to place in one of the specified racial/ethnic category.
Religious affiliation/commitment (as admission factor):
Affiliation
with a certain church or faith/religion, commitment to a religious vocation,
or observance of certain religious tenets/lifestyle.
*Religious counseling: One-on-one or group counseling
with trained professionals for student who want to religious problems or
issues.
*Remedial services: Instructional courses designed
for students deficient in the general competencies necessary for a regular
postsecondary curriculum and educational setting.
Required fees: Fixed sum charged to students for
items not covered by tuition and required of such a large proportion of
all students that the student who does NOT pay is the exception. Do not
include application fees, registration fees, student activity, or health
fees.
Resident alien or other eligible noncitizen: A
person who is not a citizen or national of the United States and who has
been admitted as a legal immigrant for the purpose of obtaining permanent
resident alien status (and who holds either an alien registration card
[Form I-551 or I-151], a Temporary Resident Card [Form I-688], or an Arrival-Departure
Record [Form I-94] with a notation that conveys legal immigrant status,
such as Section 207 Refugee, Section 208 Asylee, Conditional Entrant Parolee
o r Cuban-Haitian).
Room and board (charges)—on campus: Assume double
occupancy in institutional housing and 19 meals per week (or maximum meal
plan).
Secondary school record (as admission factor): Information
maintained by the secondary school that may include such things as the
student’s high school transcript, class rank, GPA, and teacher and counselor
recommendations.
Semester calendar system: A calendar system that
consists of two semesters during the academic year with about 16 weeks
for each semester of instruction. There may be an additional summer session.
Student-designed major. A program of study based
on individual interests, designed with the assistance of an adviser.
Study abroad: Any arrangement by which a student
completes part of the college program studying in another county. Can be
at a campus abroad or through a cooperative agreement with some other U.S.
college or an institution of another country.
*Summer session: A summer session is shorter than
a regular semester and not considered part of the academic year. It is
not the third term of an institution operating on a trimester system or
the fourth term of an institution operating on a quart er calendar system.
The institution may have 2 or more sessions occurring in the summer months.
Some schools, such as vocational and beauty schools, have year-round classes
with no separate summer session.
Talent/ability (as admission factor): Special
consideration given to students with demonstrated talent/abilities in areas
of interest to the institution (e.g., sports, the arts, languages, etc.).
Teacher certification program: Program designed
to prepare students to meet the requirements for certification as teachers
in elementary and secondary schools.
Transfer applicant: An individual who has fulfilled
the institution’s requirements to be considered for admission (including
payment or waiving of the application fee, if any) and who has previously
attended another college or university and earne d college-level credit.
Transfer student: A student entering the institution
for the first time but known to have previously attended a postsecondary
institution at the same level (e.g., undergraduate). The student may transfer
with or without credit.
Transportation (costs): Assume two round trips
to student’s hometown per year for students in institutional housing or
daily travel to and from your institution.
Trimester calendar system: An academic year consisting
of 3 terms of about 15 weeks each.
Tuition: Amount of money charged to students for
instructional services. Tuition may be charged per term, per course, or
per credit.
*Tutoring: May range from one-on-one tutoring in specific
subjects to tutoring in an area such as math, reading, or writing. Most
tutors are college students; at some colleges, they are specially trained
and certified.
Unit: a standard of measurement representing hours
of academic instruction (e.g., semester credit, quarter credit, contact
hour).
Undergraduate: A student enrolled in a four- or
five-year bachelor’s degree program, an associate’s degree program, or
a vocational or technical program below the baccalaureate.
*Veteran’s counseling: Helps veterans and their
dependents obtain benefits for their selected program and provides certifications
to the Veteran’s Administration. May also provide personal counseling on
the transition from the military to a civili an life.
*Visually impaired: Any person whose sight loss
is sufficiently severe and not correctable, and adversely affects educational
performance.
Volunteer work (as admission factor): Special
consideration given to students for activity done on a volunteer basis
(e.g., tutoring, hospital care, working with the elderly or disabled) as
a service to the community or the public in general.
Wait list: List of students who meet the admission
requirements but will only be offered a place in the class if space becomes
available.
Weekend college: A program that allows students
to take a complete course of study and attend classes only on weekends.
White, non-Hispanic: A person having origins in
any of the original peoples of Europe, North Africa, or the Middle East
(except those of Hispanic origin).
*Women’s center: Center with programs, academic
activities, and/or services intended to promote an understanding of the
evolving roles of women.
Work experience (as admission factor): Special
consideration given to students who have been employed prior to application,
whether for relevance to major, demonstration of employment-related skills,
or as explanation of student’s academic and ext racurricular record.
Common Data Set Financial Aid Definitions
Financial aid applicant: Any applicant who submits
the institutionally required financial aid application/form, such as the
FAFSA.
Indebtedness: Aggregate dollar amount borrowed
by the student.
Financial need: As determined by your institution
using the federal methodology and/or your institution's own standards.
Need-based aid: College-funded or college-administered
award from institutional, state, federal, or other sources for which a
student must have financial need to qualify. This includes both institutional
and noninstitutional student aid (grants, j obs, and loans).
Need-based gift aid: Scholarships and grants from
institutional, state, federal or other sources for which a student must
have financial need to qualify. Do not include athletic scholarships, outside
awards, or awards construed as personnel benef its, i.e., scholarships
to children of faculty and staff.
Non-need-based gift aid: Scholarships and grants,
gifts, or merit-based aid from institutional, state, federal, or other
sources (including unrestricted funds or gifts and endowment income) awarded
solely on the basis of academic achievement, meri t, or any other non-need-based
reason. Exclude athletic scholarships, awards construed as personnel benefits,
i.e., scholarships to children of faculty and staff.
Self-help aid: Need-based loans and jobs up to
the level of institutionally determined need.