ANTHROPOLOGY 347

                                                                                     Spring 2000
                                                                             Prof. Bruce J. Bourque
                                                                         Office: 16 C Libbey: 786-6080
                                                                        Maine State Museum: 287-3909
                                                                     Office Hours: T-TH 3-4:00 & by appt.

About the course:
           This course will familiarize you with the prehistoric peoples of the New World.  We begin with a brief review of how humans got to the Bering Land Bridge - the jumping off point for the New World.  We then examine the high points of North and Middle American prehistory.  We end with a brief examination of Andean civilization and a look at what happened when Europeans arrived in the New World.
           Your attendance in class and on field trips is expected.  Read the assigned material before the next scheduled class and be prepared to discuss it. Your grade will be based mainly upon two exams and a 10 - 12 page term paper.  Other work, such as labs and quizzes will also be considered.

Exams:
           Exams will be primarily in the form of essays, although some short answer work may be required. (I'll let you                 know in advance advance.) Each exam will cover one half of the course.

Term Papers:
          Your term paper will explore in detail one of the topics listed above.  Please discuss your intended topic with me before preparing your outline, which is due on 10 February.  Term papers are due on 2 April.
 

Class and Reading Schedule:

11 January        Introduction to the course.  Read Fagan Chapters 1-4.
13                    Humans to Siberia.  Read Colinvaux in West 1996, Fagan Chapter 5, Chapter 23 in Hopkins, et al. (by Martin), Guthrie and Guthrie.
18                    Life in Beringia. Read ; Lynch; West and Greenberg in West 1996; Fagan Chapters 7-8.
20                    First Peopling of the New World.  Read Fagan Chapters 9-10.
25                    Paleo-Indians. Read Fagan Chapter 11.
27                    The Northern World. Read Fagan Chapter 12.
  1 Feb             The Archaic period. Read Flannery 1973.
  3                    The Rise of Agriculture.  Read Goodman & Armelagos 1985.
  8                    The Spread of Agriculture.  Read Smith 1989.  Discuss term papers.
10                    The American Southwest.
15                    Field trip to the Maine State Museum Archaeology Lab.
17                    Exam

19-27              Winter Recess.  Adams pp. 9-24, Ch. 2-3
29                    Rise of Civilization: The Olmec.  Adams Chapter 4-5.
  2 March         The Maya.  Adams Chapter 6.
  7 March         Mexico: Classic period..  Adams Chapter 7.
  9                    Classic collapse.  Adams Chapter 9
14                    The Aztec.
16                    Moundbuilders.
21                    Mississippian Culture.  Bruhns Chapter 17.
23                    The Andes.
28                    "Fantastic" Archaeology and Early Voyagers to the Americas. Williams Chapter 9-11.
30                    Pre-Norse Arrivals? Netting.
  4 April            America meets Europe. Cultures in Contact. Cortez, Pizzaro
  6                    Term papers due.
11  Final exams begin.

Text:

Fagan, Brian, The Great Journey. Thames and Hudson (1987).

Reserve Readings:

Adams, R.E.W., Prehistoric Mesoamerica. Boston, Little Brown (1991).

Bruhns, Karen O,  Ancient South America.  Cambridge University Press (1996).

Goodman, A.H. and G.J. Armelagos, Death and Disease at Dr. Dixon's Mounds.  Natural History
9/85:12-18.

Hopkins, David M.. Et al., Paleoecology of Beringia.  Wenner-Gren 1979.

Lynch, T., Glacial-Age Man in South America?  A Critical Review. American Antiquity, vol. 55,
no.1 (January 1990): 12-36.

Netting, R. McC.,  An Unfair Trade. Natural History 12/86:74-77.

Guthrie, R. Dale and Mary L. Guthrie, On the Mammoth's Dusty Trail.  Natural History 7/90:34-41.

Smith, Bruce, Origins of Agriculture in Eastern North America.  Science, vol. 246:1566-1571.

West, Fred H., American Beginnings: the Prehistory and Paleoecology of Beringia.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1996).

Sources term paper research:

Adavasio, J.M., et al., The Meadowcroft Papers: A Response to Dincauze. Quarterly Review of
Archaeology 2(3).

Brain, J.P., The Great Mound Robbery. Archaeology, May-June 1988:18-25.

Brose, D. and N. Gerber, eds., Hopewell Archaeology (1979).

Brose, et al., Ancient Art of the American Woodland Indians.  New York: Abrams(1985).

Cavalli-Sforza, L.L., A. Piazza, P. Menozzi and J. Mountain: Reconstruction of Human
Evolution: Bringing Together Genetic, Archaeological and Linguistic Data. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
85(1988):6002-6006.

Chapman, J., H.R. Delcourt and P.A. Delcourt, Strawberry Fields, Almost Forever. Natural
History, 9/89:51-59.

Coe, M., Breaking the Maya code.  New York: Thames and Hodson (1992)

Cohen, M., The Food Crisis in World Prehistory.  New Haven: Yale Univ. Press (1977).

Davies, N., The Aztecs. Norman: U. of Oklahoma Press (1973).

Delahaye, T and M. Collins, Early Cultural Evidence from Monte Verde in Chile. Nature
332:150-152.

Dincauze, D.F., The Meadowcroft Papers. Quarterly Review of Archaeology 2(1).

Dincauze, D.F., Meadowcroft: Answers and Questions.  Quarterly Review of Archaeology 2(1).

Dumond, D., A Reexamination of Eskimo-Aleut Prehistory.  American Anthropologist 89(1)
(1987).

Farnsworth, K.B. and T.E.Emerson, eds., Early Woodland Archaeology. Campsville: Center for
American Archaeology (1980).

Flannery, K.V., The Cultural Evolution of Civilizations. Palo  Alto, CA: Annual Review of
Ecology and Systematics (1972):326-399.

Flannery, K.V., The Origins of Agriculture. Annual Review of Anthropology 2 (1973):271-310.

Flannery, K.V., ed. The Early Mesoamerican Village.  New York: Academic Press (1976).

Frison, G., Prehistoric Hunters of the High Plains.  New York: Academic Press (1978).

Funk, Robert E., Archaeological Investigations in the Upper Susquehanna Valley, New York
State, Vol. 1.  Buffalo, Persimmon Press.

Gramly, R.M., The Vail Site. Buffalo: Persimon Press.

Gramly, R.M., The Adkins Site. Buffalo: Persimmon Press.

Greenberg, J. H., The Linguistic Evidence.  In West, Fred H., American Beginnings: the Prehistory and Paleoecology og Beringia.  Chicago: Univerrsity of Chicago Press (1992): 525-536.

Guthrie, R.D., Wooly Arguments against the Mammoth Steppe - a New Look at the
Palynological Data. Quarterly Review of Archaeology 6 (3) (1985).

Hammond, N., The Ancient Maya Civilization. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press (1982).

Haynes, C.V., Were Clovis Pregenitors in Beringia? in D.M. Hopkins, et al., Paleoecology of
Beringia (1982): 383-398.

Jennings, J., Prehistory of North America. Mount View, CA: Mayfield (1989).

Jones and Kautz, eds., Transition to Statehood in the New World.

Leventhal and Kolata, eds., Civilization in the ancient Americas.
Lewin, R., The First Americans are Getting Younger. Science 238 (1987): 1230-1232.

Martin, P.S., The Pattern and Meaning of Holarctic Mammoth Extinction, in D.M.Hopkins, et al., Paleoecology of Beringia.  New York: Academic Press (1982): 399-408.

Martin, P.S. and F. Plog, The Archaeology of Arizona.  University of Arizona Press.

Mason, R., Great Lakes Archaeology. New York: Academic Press (1980).

McGhee, R., Contact Between Native North Americans and the Medieval Norse: a Revoew of the Evidence. American Antiquity, vol. 49 (January 1984), no. 1: 4 - 26.

Mead, J. and Meltzer, D.J., eds., Environment and Extinctions.  Meltzer, D.J., Why Don't We
Know When the First People Came to America? American Antiquity, 54(3):147-191.

Moratte, M.S., California Archaeology. New York: Academic Press (1984).

Morse, D. and P.A. Morse, Archaeology of the Central Mississippi Valley. New York: Academic
Press.

Muller, J.D., Archaeology in the Lower Ohio River Valley. New York: Academic Press (1986).

Muller-Beck, H., Late Pleistocene Man in Northern Alaska and the Mammoth Steppe Biome, in
D. M. Hopkins, et al., Paleoecology of Beringia (1982):329-353.

Ramenofsky, A., The Archaeology of European Contact.  Alubquerque: University of New
Mexico Press (1987).

Ramenofsky, A., Vectors of Death. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press (1987).

Schele, L. and E. Miller, The Blood of Kings. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press (1986).

Shuttler, R., Early Man in the New World. Beverly Hills: Sage (1983).

Smith, B., The Archaeology of the Southeastern United States: from Dalton to de Soto, 10,500 -
500 B.P. Advances in World Archaeology 5 (1986):1-92.

Stiebing, W.H., Jr., Ancient Astronauts, Cosmic Collisions.  New York: Prometheus (1984).

Tainter, J.A., The Collapse of Complex Societies. New York: Cambridge University Press (1988).

Turnbull, C., The Augustine Site: A Mound from the Maritimes.  Archaeology of Eastern North
America (4) (1976):50-62.

Turner, C.G., Teeth and Prehistory in Asia.  Scientific  American, February, 1989.
West, F.H., Migrationism and New World Origins. Quarterly Review of Archaeology, March
1987:11-14.

West, Fred H., The Archaeological Evidence.  In West, Fred H., American Beginnings: the Prehistory and Paleoecology of Beringia.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1992) 537-559.

Yoffee, N. and G. Cowgill, eds., The Collapse of Ancient States and Civilizations. Tucson: Univ.
of Arizona Press.